WordNet

of summer nights in northern latitudes where the sun barely sets; "white nights"
the quality or state of the achromatic color of greatest lightness (bearing the least resemblance to black) (同)whiteness
(board games) the lighter pieces
restricted to whites only; "under segregation there were even white restrooms and white drinking fountains"; "a lily-white movement which would expel Negroes from the organization" (同)lily-white
marked by the presence of snow; "a white Christmas"; "the white hills of a northern winter" (同)snowy
glowing white with heat; "white flames"; "a white-hot center of the fire" (同)white-hot
(of hair) having lost its color; "the white hairs of old age" (同)whitened
(of coffee) having cream or milk added
being of the achromatic color of maximum lightness; having little or no hue owing to reflection of almost all incident light; "as white as fresh snow"; "a brides white dress"
benevolent; without malicious intent; "thats white of you"
free from moral blemish or impurity; unsullied; "in shining white armor"
of or belonging to a racial group having light skin coloration; "voting patterns within the white population"
United States educator who in 1865 (with Ezra Cornell) founded Cornell University and served as its first president (1832-1918) (同)Andrew D. White, Andrew Dickson White
United States writer noted for his humorous essays (1899-1985) (同)E. B. White, Elwyn Brooks White
United States jurist appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1910 by President Taft; noted for his work on antitrust legislation (1845-1921) (同)Edward White, Edward D. White, Edward Douglas White Jr.
Australian writer (1912-1990) (同)Patrick White, Patrick Victor Martindale White
United States architect (1853-1906) (同)Stanford White
United States political journalist (1915-1986) (同)T. H. White, Theodore Harold White
a member of the Caucasoid race (同)White person, Caucasian
a tributary of the Mississippi River that flows southeastward through northern Arkansas and southern Missouri (同)White River
a food fish of the Atlantic waters of Europe resembling the cod; sometimes placed in genus Gadus (同)Merlangus merlangus, Gadus merlangus
a small fish of the genus Sillago; excellent food fish
any of several food fishes of North American coastal waters
flesh of a cod-like fish of the Atlantic waters of Europe
flesh of any of a number of slender food fishes especially of Atlantic coasts of North America
a soft thin (usually translucent) paper (同)tissue_paper
part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
composed of animal fat; "adipose tissue constitutes the fat of meat"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『白』,白色 / 〈U〉〈C〉白いもの;(特に)『卵の白身』 / 〈U〉『白衣』,白色の服;《しばしば複数形で》白の制服(運動着など) / 〈C〉白人 / 『白い』,白色の,純白の / (恐怖で人・顔・唇などが)『青白い』,血の気のない(pale) / (皮膚の色の)白い,白人の / (髪・ひげなどが)銀色の,改色の / 雪のある,雪の積もった / 《おもに古》潔白の,罪のない / 《英》(コーヒーが)ミルク入りの / …‘を'白くする,漂白する
ニベ(北米産);タラ(欧州産)
(銀の研摩剤に用いる)胡粉,白亜(chalk);漂白剤
〈U〉〈C〉(生物体の)『組織』 / 〈U〉〈C〉『薄織物』 / 〈U〉〈C〉水を吸収する柔らかな薄紙 / 〈C〉カーボンコピー用薄紙 / 〈C〉《a ~》(…を)織り交ぜて作ったもの《+of+名》 / =tissue paper
脂肪質の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/29 07:57:56」(JST)

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Distribution of white adipose tissue in the human body.

White adipose tissue (WAT) or white fat is one of the two types of adipose tissue found in mammals. The other kind of adipose tissue is brown adipose tissue.

In healthy, non-overweight humans, white adipose tissue composes as much as 20% of the body weight in men and 25% of the body weight in women. Its cells contain a single large fat droplet, which forces the nucleus to be squeezed into a thin rim at the periphery. They have receptors for insulin, growth hormones, norepinephrine, and glucocorticoids.

White adipose tissue is used as a store of energy. Upon release of insulin from the pancreas, white adipose cells' insulin receptors cause a dephosphorylation cascade that lead to the inactivation of hormone-sensitive lipase. It was previously thought that upon release of glucagon from the pancreas, glucagon receptors cause a phosphorylation cascade that activates hormone-sensitive lipase, causing the breakdown of the stored fat to fatty acids, which are exported into the blood and bound to albumin, and glycerol, which is exported into the blood freely. There is actually no evidence at present that glucagon has any effect on white adipose tissue.^[1] Glucagon is now thought to act exclusively on the liver to trigger glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.^[2] The trigger for this process in white adipose tissue is instead now thought to be adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), adrenaline and noradrenaline^{[citation needed]}. Fatty acids are taken up by muscle and cardiac tissue as a fuel source, and glycerol is taken up by the liver for gluconeogenesis.

White adipose tissue also acts as a thermal insulator, helping to maintain body temperature.

The hormone leptin is primarily manufactured in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue.

References

^ Gravholt, C H. "Physiological levels of glucagon do not influence lipolysis in abdominal adipose tissue as assessed by microdialysis".
^ Lawrence, A. M. (1969). "Glucagon". Annual Review of Medicine 20: 207–222. doi:10.1146/annurev.me.20.020169.001231. PMID 4893399.

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1. 成人の身体組成測定 determining body composition in adults
2. 肥満の病因 pathogenesis of obesity
3. 成人の肥満のスクリーニングおよび臨床評価 screening for and clinical evaluation of obesity in adults
4. レプチンの生理学 physiology of leptin
5. 脂肪異栄養症症候群 lipodystrophic syndromes

English Journal

Short-term high-fat diet increases macrophage markers in skeletal muscle accompanied by impaired insulin signalling in healthy male subjects.

Boon MR, Bakker LE1, Haks MC2, Quinten E2, Schaart G3, Van Beek L, Wang Y, Van Schinkel L1, Van Harmelen V, Meinders AE1, Ottenhoff TH2, Van Dijk KW, Guigas B, Jazet IM1, Rensen PC.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2015 Jan;128(2):143-51. doi: 10.1042/CS20140179.
Macrophage markers in skeletal muscle of obese subjects are elevated and inversely relate to insulin sensitivity. The present study aimed to investigate whether short-term high-fat high-calorie (HFHC) diet already increases macrophage markers and affects glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle of heal
PMID 25148551

Ectopic lipid storage in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is not mediated by impaired mitochondrial oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle.

Cuthbertson DJ1, Irwin A1, Sprung VS, Jones H2, Pugh CJ2, Daousi C1, Adams VL3, Bimson WE3, Shojaee-Moradie F4, Richardson P5, Umpleby AM4, Wilding JP1, Kemp GJ.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2014 Dec;127(12):655-63. doi: 10.1042/CS20130404.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by lipid deposition within the liver [intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL)], is associated with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome (MS). It has been suggested that impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial function may contribute to ectopi
PMID 24738611

Identification and differential distribution of CART in the small intestine depending on the diet.

Janiuk I1, Olkowski B, Szczotka-Bochniarz A.
Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition.J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl).2014 Dec;98(6):1117-23. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12187. Epub 2014 May 5.
This study was aimed at identifying and locating cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in the small intestine of broilers in relation to the diet. The feeding regime of the chicks was based on diets largely consisting of maize and one of four protein sources: post-extraction soya bean
PMID 24797515

Japanese Journal

Possible involvement of uncoupling protein 1 in appetite control by leptin

Okamatsu-Ogura Yuko,Nio-Kobayashi Junko,Iwanaga Toshihiko,Terao Akira,Kimura Kazuhiro,Saito Masayuki
Experimental Biology and Medicine 236(11), 1274-1281, 2011-11
… Uncoupling protein (UCP) 1, a key molecule for brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, was reported to contribute to the stimulatory effect of leptin on energy expenditure. …
NAID 120003614971

Triglyceride with Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Increases the Activity and Expression of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase in White Adipose Tissue of C57BL/6J Mice

LIU Yinghua,XUE Changyong,ZHANG Yong,XU Qing,YU Xiaoming,ZHANG Xinsheng,WANG Jin,ZHANG Rongxin,GONG Xue,GUO Changjiang
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 75(10), 1939-1944, 2011-10-23
… The possible mechanism for this was investigated by measuring and analyzing changes in the body fat, blood lipid profile, enzymatic level and activity of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and its mRNA expression, and levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) in white adipose tissue (WAT) of C57BL/6J mice fed for 16 weeks on an MCT or LCT diet. …
NAID 10029872785