WordNet

become weaker; "The prisoners resistance weakened after seven days"
lessen the strength of; "The fever weakened his body"
restrain or discourage; "the sudden bad news damped the joyous atmosphere"
a slight wetness (同)dampness, moistness
slightly wet; "clothes damp with perspiration"; "a moist breeze"; "eyes moist with tears" (同)dampish, moist
abject submission; the emotional equivalent of prostrating your body
the act of assuming a prostrate position
that which weakens or causes a loss of strength; "doubt is a great weakener of resolve"
wanting in physical strength; "a weak pillar"
(used of verbs) having standard (or regular) inflection
deficient in intelligence or mental power; "a weak mind"
deficient or lacking in some skill; "hes weak in spelling"
likely to fail under stress or pressure; "the weak link in the chain"
not having authority, political strength, or governing power; "a weak president"
tending downward in price; "a weak market for oil stocks"
moderating by making pain or sorrow weaker
the act of reducing the strength of something
becoming weaker
made weak or weaker

PrepTutorEJDIC

;‘を'『弱くする』 / ;‘を'薄くする / 弱くなる / 〈人・人の態度が〉軟化する,ぐらつく
(病気による)衰弱
〈U〉『湿気』,しめり(moisture) / 〈U〉もや,霧(mist) / 〈U〉(鉱山の)有毒ガス / 《a~》気持ちのめいらせるもの / 『湿っぽい』,湿気のある / …'を'湿らせる / …‘の'勢いを弱める,そぐ《+『down』+『名,』+『名』+『down』》 / 〈ピアノ・弦楽器の弦〉‘の'振動を弱める(押える)《+『down』+『名,』+『名』+『down』》
〈U〉〈C〉身を投け出すこと,ひれ伏すこと / 〈U〉意気消沈,(体が)ぐったりしていること
〈病気などが〉〈人・体〉'を'衰弱させる
(物が)『弱い』 / (通常よりも)『衰えている』,力が弱い,勢いがない / (性格の点で)『弱い』,意志薄弱な / 『劣っている』 / (相場などが)値下がりぎみの / 水っぽい,薄い / (音節・母音・語が)強勢のない,弱強勢の;(動詞が)弱変化の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/23 04:55:28」(JST)

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Monotonicity of entailment is a property of many logical systems that states that the hypotheses of any derived fact may be freely extended with additional assumptions. In sequent calculi this property can be captured by an inference rule called weakening, or sometimes thinning, and in such systems one may say that entailment is monotone if and only if the rule is admissible. Logical systems with this property are occasionally called monotonic logics in order to differentiate them from non-monotonic logics.

Weakening rule

To illustrate, starting from the natural deduction sequent:

Γ C

weakening allows one to conclude:

Γ, A C

Non-monotonic logics

In most logics, weakening is either an inference rule or a metatheorem if the logic doesn't have an explicit rule. Notable exceptions are:

Strict logic or relevant logic, where every hypothesis must be necessary for the conclusion.
Linear logic which disallows arbitrary contraction in addition to arbitrary weakening.
Bunched implications where weakening is restricted to additive composition.
Various types of default reasoning.
Abductive reasoning, the process of deriving the most likely explanations of the known facts.
Reasoning about knowledge, where statements specifying that something is not known need to be retracted when that thing is learned.

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English Journal

Do irrelevant sounds impair the maintenance of all characteristics of speech in memory?

Gabriel D, Gaudrain E, Lebrun-Guillaud G, Sheppard F, Tomescu IM, Schnider A.SourceDivision of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland, damiengabriel@yahoo.fr.
Journal of psycholinguistic research.J Psycholinguist Res.2012 Dec;41(6):475-86. doi: 10.1007/s10936-012-9204-8.
Several studies have shown that maintaining in memory some attributes of speech, such as the content or pitch of an interlocutor's message, is markedly reduced in the presence of background sounds made of spectrotemporal variations. However, experimental paradigms showing this interference have only
PMID 22411591

Significance of stromal decorin expression during the progression of breast cancer.

Oda G, Sato T, Ishikawa T, Kawachi H, Nakagawa T, Kuwayama T, Ishiguro M, Iida S, Uetake H, Sugihara K.SourceDepartment of Surgical Oncology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
Oncology reports.Oncol Rep.2012 Dec;28(6):2003-8. doi: 10.3892/or.2012.2040. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
Decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan and important component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is a natural anticancer agent that modulates several receptors involved in cell growth and survival. Reductions in decorin expression may weaken the ECM and enhan
PMID 22992875

Analgesic properties of chimeric peptide based on morphiceptin and PFRTic-amide.

Li M, Zhou L, Ma G, Dong S.SourceInstitute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Regulatory peptides.Regul Pept.2012 Nov 10;179(1-3):23-8. doi: 10.1016/j.regpep.2012.08.008. Epub 2012 Sep 4.
A chimeric opioid peptide (MCRT, YPFPFRTic-NH(2)) was here designed and synthesized. This peptide was based on morphiceptin (YPFP-NH(2)) and a neuropeptide FF (NPFF) derivative (PFRTic-NH(2)) sharing one proline. This peptide is intended to produce potent analgesia. MCRT was found to induce analgesi
PMID 22960407

Japanese Journal

The impact of dust in host galaxies on quasar luminosity functions

Shirakata Hikari,Okamoto Takashi,Enoki Motohiro,Nagashima Masahiro,Kobayashi Masakazu A. R.,Ishiyama Tomoaki,Makiya Ryu
Monthly notices of the royal astronomical society 450(1), L6-L10, 2015-06-11
… We consider two possible mechanisms that weaken the dust attenuation. …
NAID 120005624081

Effects of Pb

Wu Chuan,Peng Qiang,Sun Xiang,Meng Jia,Yao Shuai,Luo Wen,Zhang Wan
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54(4S), 04DH14, 2015-03-23
… The energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) results showed that the diffusion between Si and PZT were weaken gradually as the T<inf>s</inf>decreased. …
NAID 150000110439

10601 微小ばね-質量系の減衰に関する考察

青木貴弘,森下信
日本機械学会関東支部総会講演会講演論文集 2015(21), "10601-1"-"10601-2", 2015-03-20
… When some systems are miniaturized, its dynamic characteristics such as damping cannot be estimated, because miniaturizing a machine makes the influence of gravity weaken and several effects such as static electricity or friction force may become strong compared with inertia force. …
NAID 110009948216

Negative Forces at Time-Space Intersections in Northeast Asia

Lincoln PingPing Zhu
NUCB journal of economics and information science 59(2), 203-215, 2015-03-01
… It also discusses the causes and possible solutions to weaken the negative forces, and gather the positive energy among the Northeast Asian countries so that each time-space intersection becomes an important step towards Northeast Asianregionalism and integration of the area. …
NAID 110009916145