生体染色

WordNet

(microscopy) a dye or other coloring material that is used in microscopy to make structures visible
color for microscopic study; "The laboratory worker dyed the specimen"
color with a liquid dye or tint; "Stain this table a beautiful walnut color"; "people knew how to stain glass a beautiful blue in the middle ages"
produce or leave stains; "Red wine stains the table cloth"
a soiled or discolored appearance; "the wine left a dark stain" (同)discoloration, discolouration
manifesting or characteristic of life; "a vital, living organism"; "vital signs"
performing an essential function in the living body; "vital organs"; "blood and other vital fluids"; "the loss of vital heat in shock"; "a vital spot"; "life-giving love and praise" (同)life-sustaining
marked or dyed or discolored with foreign matter; "a badly stained tablecloth"; "tear-stained cheeks"
having a coating of stain or varnish (同)varnished
the act of spotting or staining something (同)spotting, maculation
(histology) the use of a dye to color specimens for microscopic study

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…で)…‘を'『汚す』,‘に'しみをつける《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 〈ガラス・木材・布など〉‘に'『着色する』 / (…で)〈人格・名声など〉‘を'汚す,‘に'傷をつける《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 汚れる,しみがつく / 〈C〉〈U〉(…についた)『しみ』,汚れ《+『on』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉着色剤,染料 / 〈C〉(人格・名声などに対する)汚点,傷《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》
《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『生命の』,生命に関する(必要な) / 『生き生きしとた』,生気に満ちた,エネルギッシュな / 『きわめて重大な』,肝要な / 『命にかかわる』,致命的な / 生命維持に必要な器官(心臓・肺臓・脳など)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/06 14:52:51」(JST)

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A vital stain in a casual usage may mean a stain that can be applied on living cells without killing them. Vital stains have been useful for diagnostic and surgical techniques in a variety of medical specialties.^[1] In supravital staining living cells that have been removed from an organism, whereas intravital staining is done by injecting or otherwise introducing the stain into the body. The term vital stain is used by some authors to refer to an intravital stain, and by others interchangeably with a supravital stain, the core concept being that the cell being examined is still alive. But in a more strict sense the term vital staining has a meaning contrasting with supravital staining. While in supravital staining the live cells take up the stain, in "vital staining" - the most accepted but apparently paradoxical meaning of this term, the live cells exclude the stain i.e. stain negatively and only the dead cells stain positively and thus viability can be assessed by counting the percentage of total cells that stain negatively. Very bulky or highly charged stains that don't cross live plasma membrane are used as vital stains and supravital stains are those that are either small or are pumped actively into live cells. Since supravital and intravital nature of the staining depends on the dye, a combination of supravital and vital dyes can also be used in a sophisticated way to better classify cells into distinct subsets (e.g. viable, dead, dying etc.).

List of common vital stains[edit]

Eosin dye exclusion^[2]^[3]
Propidium iodide, DNA stain that can differentiate necrotic, apoptotic and normal cells.^[4]
Trypan Blue, a living-cell exclusion dye
Erythrosine, which is Red No. 3 in food coloring, can be used as an exclusion dye.
7-Aminoactinomycin D used e.g. in flowcytometric studies of hematopoietic stem cell viability.

References[edit]

^ Rodrigues EB, Costa EF, Penha FM, Melo GB, Bottós J, Dib E, Furlani B, Lima VC, Maia M, Meyer CH, Höfling-Lima AL, Farah ME (2009). "The use of vital dyes in ocular surgery". Survey of Opthalmology (HTML|format= requires |url= (help)) 54 (5): 576–617. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.04.011. PMID 19682624.
^ Hathaway WE, Newby LA, Githens JH (1964). "THE ACRIDINE ORANGE VIABILITY TEST APPLIED TO BONE MARROW CELLS. I. CORRELATION WITH TRYPAN BLUE AND EOSIN DYE EXCLUSION AND TISSUE CULTURE TRANSFORMATION.". Blood 23 (4): 517–525. PMID 14138242.
^ Keren DF (2001). "Section X: Immunopathology". In McClatchey KD. Clinical Laboratory Medicine (2nd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1384. ISBN 0-683-30751-7.
^ Lecoeur H (2002). "Nuclear apoptosis detection by flow cytometry: influence of endogenous endonucleases". Exp. Cell Res. 277 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1006/excr.2002.5537. PMID 12061813.

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1. 細菌検査室におけるグラム染色および培養結果に対するアプローチ approach to gram stain and culture results in the microbiology laboratory
2. スタージウェーバー症候群 sturge weber syndrome
3. 新生児における血管病変 vascular lesions in the newborn
4. 滑液検査 synovial fluid analysis
5. Tracheobronchitis associated with tracheostomy tubes and endotracheal intubation in children

English Journal

Vital staining of the stick insect digestive system identifies appendices of the midgut as novel system of excretion.

Shelomi M1, Kimsey LS.
Journal of morphology.J Morphol.2014 Jun;275(6):623-33. doi: 10.1002/jmor.20243. Epub 2013 Dec 14.
The stick insects or phasmids (Phamsatodea) have a series of pyriform ampulles with long, thin filaments on the posterior end of their midgut referred to as the "appendices of the midgut." Found only in phasmids, their function had never been determined until now. Their similarity to the Malpighian
PMID 24338977

Vitrification of neat semen alters sperm parameters and DNA integrity.

Khalili MA1, Adib M2, Halvaei I3, Nabi A3.
Urology journal.Urol J.2014 May 6;11(2):1465-70.
Purpose: Our aim was to evaluate the effect of neat semen vitrification on human sperm vital parameters and DNA integrity in men with normal and abnormal sperm parameters. Materials and Methods: Semen samples were 17 normozoospermic samples and 17 specimens with abnormal sperm para
PMID 24807761

Molecular Imaging of Ischemia and Reperfusion in Vivo with Mitochondrial Autofluorescence.

Lu HH1, Wu YM, Chang WT, Luo T, Yang YC, Cho HD, Liau I.
Analytical chemistry.Anal Chem.2014 May 5. [Epub ahead of print]
Ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury constitutes a pivotal mechanism of tissue damage in pathological conditions such as stroke, myocardial infarction, vascular surgery, and organ transplant. Imaging or monitoring of the change of an organ at a molecular level in real time during IR is essential to
PMID 24720791

Japanese Journal

Visualizing "green oil" in live algal cells(METHODS)

Cooper Mark Scott,Hardin William Robert,Petersen Timothy Wayne,Cattolico Rose Ann
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 109(2), 198-201, 2010-02
… We report here that BODIPY 505/515, a green lipophilic fluorescent dye, serves as an excellent vital stain for the oil-containing lipid bodies of live algal cells. … BODIPY 505/515 vital staining can be used in combination with fluorescent activated cell sorting to detect and isolate algal cells possessing high lipid content. …
NAID 110007573254

サル歯根未完成永久歯に象牙質削片と水酸化カルシウムとを応用する生活断髄法の実験的研究

飯島正,川崎孝一
日本歯科保存学雑誌 51(1), 88-98, 2008-02-29
生活歯髄切断法(生活断髄法)とは,切断された歯髄に薬剤か歯科材品を貼布して残存歯髄を保護することを意味している.多くの材品や薬剤が覆髄剤(材)としていままで使用されてきた.水酸化カルシウムは,最も普通で最良の覆髄剤(材)として一般に認知されている.この水酸化カルシウムの一つの大きな欠点は,新生デンティンブリッジにおいて変性,壊死組織を伴う小孔や裂隙の存在する発生学的構造がみられることである.本研究 …
NAID 110007151213