WordNet

a skillet made of cast iron
predatory arachnid with eight legs, two poison fangs, two feelers, and usually two silk-spinning organs at the back end of the body; they spin silk to make cocoons for eggs or traps for prey
a computer program that prowls the internet looking for publicly accessible resources that can be added to a database; the database can then be searched with a search engine (同)wanderer
of or relating to or having vessels that conduct and circulate fluids; "vascular constriction"; "a vascular bundle"

PrepTutorEJDIC

クモ / 《米》フライパン
(血液・樹液などを運ぶ)管の,導管の,血管の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/14 03:51:19」(JST)

wiki en

A spider angioma (also known as a nevus araneus, spider nevus, vascular spider, and spider telangiectasia^[1]) is a type of telangiectasis^[2] (swollen blood vessels) found slightly beneath the skin surface, often containing a central red spot and reddish extensions which radiate outwards like a spider's web. They are common and may be benign, presenting in around 10-15% of healthy adults and young children.^[3] However, having more than 3 spider angiomas is likely to be abnormal and may be a sign of liver disease.^[4]

Distribution

Spider angiomas are found only in the distribution of the superior vena cava, and are thus commonly found on the face, neck, upper part of the trunk and arms. They may also be present on the backs of the hands and fingers in young children.^{[citation needed]}

Cause

Spider angiomas are due to failure of the sphincteric muscle surrounding a cutaneous arteriole. The central red dot is the dilated arteriole and the red "spider legs" are small veins carrying away the freely-flowing blood. If momentary pressure is applied, it is possible to see the emptied veins refilling from the centre. No other angiomas show this phenomenon.^{[citation needed]}

The dilation, in turn, is caused by increased estrogen levels in the blood. Many pregnant women, or women using hormonal contraception, have spider angiomas, due to high estrogen levels in their blood. Individuals with significant hepatic disease also show many spider angiomas, as their liver cannot metabolize circulating estrogens, specifically estrone, which derives from the androgen androstenedione.^[3] About 33% of patients with cirrhosis have spider angiomas.^[5] As such, microhemorrhages may be observed as spider angiomas.^{[citation needed]}

Treatment

Spider angiomas are asymptomatic and usually resolve spontaneously. This is common in the case of children, although they may take several years to disappear. If the spider angiomas are associated with pregnancy, they may resolve after childbirth. In women taking oral contraceptives, they may resolve after stopping these contraceptives. The spider angiomas associated with liver disease may resolve when liver function increases or when a liver transplant is performed.^{[citation needed]}

For spider angiomas on the face, techniques such as electrodesiccation and laser treatment can be used to remove the lesion.^[6] There is a small risk of a scar, although the results are generally good. Spider angiomas can recur after treatment.

If the centre of the angioma is pricked with a hypodermic needle, opening the dilated arteriole, blood will flow freely for some time unless pressure is applied; the arteriole will then shrink or coagulate and the angioma will disappear. This treatment is minimally painful and leaves no scar.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. pp. 1621–22. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
^ "spider angioma" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ ^a ^b Nevus Araneus at eMedicine
^ http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1355997
^ Li CP, Lee FY, Hwang SJ, et al. (1999). "Spider angiomas in patients with liver cirrhosis: role of alcoholism and impaired liver function". Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 34 (5): 520–3. doi:10.1080/003655299750026272. PMID 10423070.
^ Geronemus, R. G. (1991). "Treatment of spider telangiectases in children using the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser". Pediatr Dermatol 8 (1): 61–3. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.1991.tb00843.x. PMID 1862028.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. ゴケグモによる咬刺傷のマネージメント management of widow spider bites
2. 肝肺症候群：有病割合、原因、臨床症状、および診断 hepatopulmonary syndrome prevalence causes clinical manifestations and diagnosis
3. 妊娠中の肌、髪、爪、粘膜 the skin hair nails and mucous membranes during pregnancy
4. クモによる咬刺傷が疑われる患者に対するアプローチ：概要 approach to the patient with a suspected spider bite an overview
5. 血管新生阻害剤の概要 overview of angiogenesis inhibitors

English Journal

Brown spider phospholipase-D containing a conservative mutation (D233E) in the catalytic site: Identification and functional characterization.

Vuitika L, Gremski LH, Belisário-Ferrari MR, Chaves-Moreira D, Ferrer VP, Senff-Ribeiro A, Chaim OM, Veiga SS.SourceDepartment of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Journal of cellular biochemistry.J Cell Biochem.2013 Nov;114(11):2479-92. doi: 10.1002/jcb.24594.
Brown spider (Loxosceles genus) bites have been reported worldwide. The venom contains a complex composition of several toxins, including phospholipases-D. Native or recombinant phospholipase-D toxins induce cutaneous and systemic loxoscelism, particularly necrotic lesions, inflammatory response, re
PMID 23733617

ADP is a vasodilator component from Lasiodora sp. mygalomorph spider venom.

Horta CC, Rezende BA, Oliveira-Mendes BB, Carmo AO, Capettini LS, Silva JF, Gomes MT, Chávez-Olórtegui C, Bravo CE, Lemos VS, Kalapothakis E.SourceDepartamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.Toxicon.2013 Sep;72:102-12. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.06.006. Epub 2013 Jun 21.
Members of the spider genus Lasiodora are widely distributed in Brazil, where they are commonly known as caranguejeiras. Lasiodora spider venom is slightly harmful to humans. The bite of this spider causes local pain, edema and erythema. However, Lasiodora sp. spider venom may be a source of importa
PMID 23792453

New insights on arthropod toxins that potentiate erectile function.

Nunes KP, Torres FS, Borges MH, Matavel A, Pimenta AM, De Lima ME.SourceDepartment of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.Toxicon.2013 Jul;69:152-9. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.03.017. Epub 2013 Apr 10.
The use of natural substances for the treatment of diseases or injuries is an ancient practice of many cultures. According to folklore, natural aphrodisiacs may help to raise libido and increase desire. The supposed aphrodisiacs mainly include a plethora of preparations of plants, among other substa
PMID 23583324

Japanese Journal

肝硬変モデルラットにおける門脈圧亢進性腸症の検討

小野田正美
日本消化器病學會雜誌 = The Japanese journal of gastro-enterology 99(6), 584-592, 2002-06-05
thioacetamide(TAA)を用いて作製した肝硬変・門脈圧亢進ラットに色素混入ラテックスを門脈本幹より注入し，大腸血管像を組織標本と透明標本で観察した．粘膜固有層から固有筋層までの樹枝状の静脈の蛇行・拡張・増加(WT)と，くも状血管腫様の拡張血管の集合像(VE)の所見を得た．一方，肝硬変症患者38例の大腸内視鏡検査でWTおよびVEと類似した所見が得られ，それぞれの陽性率は78.9%，65. …
NAID 10008748181

Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation of Rat Mesenteric Arterial Rings by a Phoneutria nigriventer Venom Fraction

WEINBERG Maria Lourdes Duarte,CORDEIRO Marta Nascimento,DE LIMA Maria Elena,OLIVEIRA Leida Calegario,DINIZ Carlos Ribeiro
The Japanese journal of pharmacology 88(2), 189-196, 2002-02-01
… Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom has been described as acting on several cardiovascular sites. … In the present paper, a semi-purified fraction of this spider venom was studied to observe any contractile or relaxing effect in rat mesenteric arterial rings (MAR). … Spider venom was first fractionated by gel filtration and subsequently by gradual isocratic steps in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. …
NAID 130000078270