出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/08/19 00:21:07」(JST)
Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
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retinoic acid | |
Clinical data | |
Trade names | Avita, Renova, Retin-a |
AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682437 |
Licence data | US Daily Med:link |
Pregnancy cat. | X (AU) C (US) |
Legal status | Prescription Only (S4) (AU) POM (UK) ℞-only (US) |
Routes | Topical, oral |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Protein binding | > 95% |
Half-life | 0.5-2 hours |
Identifiers | |
CAS number | N |
ATC code | D10AD01 L01XX14 |
PubChem | CID 444795 |
IUPHAR ligand | 2644 |
DrugBank | DB00755 |
ChemSpider | 392618 Y |
UNII | 5688UTC01R Y |
KEGG | D00094 Y |
ChEBI | CHEBI:15367 Y |
ChEMBL | CHEMBL38 Y |
Chemical data | |
Formula | C20H28O2 |
Mol. mass | 300.4412 g/mol |
SMILES
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InChI
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Physical data | |
Melt. point | 180 °C (356 °F) |
N (what is this?) (verify) |
Tretinoin is the carboxylic acid form of vitamin A and is also known as all-trans retinoic acid or ATRA. It is a first generation topical retinoid commonly used to treat acne vulgaris and keratosis pilaris. It is available as a cream or gel (brand names Aberela, Airol, A-Ret, Atralin, Avita, Retacnyl, Refissa, Renova, Retin-A, Retino-A, ReTrieve, or Stieva-A). The most common strengths are 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.1%. It is also used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and is sold for this indication by Roche under the brand name Vesanoid. It is also available as a generic.
Tretinoin was co-developed by James Fulton and Albert Kligman in 1969.[1] Together, Fulton and Kligman are credited as the inventors of Retin-A.[1] Fulton was a researcher at the University of Pennsylvania at the time.[1] The University of Pennsylvania held the patent for Retin-A, which it licensed to pharmaceutical companies.[1]
Tretinoin is most commonly used as a form of acne treatment.[2] It was the first retinoid developed for this type of topical use.[citation needed] Tretinoin is the best studied retinoid in the treatment of photoaging.[3] It is used by some as a hair loss treatment [4] and is a component of many commercial products that are advertised as being able to slow skin aging or remove wrinkles.[5][6] Topical tretinoin is also used to treat and reduce the appearance of stretch marks by increasing collagen production in the dermis.[7]
Tretinoin, marketed as Vesanoid, is used to treat at least one form of cancer (acute promyelocytic leukemia, also called acute myeloid leukemia subtype M3), usually together with other drugs, by causing the immature promyelocytes to differentiate (i.e. mature).[8][9]
The pathology of the leukemia is due to the highly proliferative immature cells; retinoic acid drives these cells to develop into functional cells, which helps to alleviate the disease.[citation needed] It is usually prescribed for 15 days every three months at about 8–10 10-mg capsules per day.[citation needed]
Successfully treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with Tretinoin was a major breakthrough in APL therapy.[10] It works in APL because the majority of cases involve a chromosomal translocation of chromosomes 15 and 17, which causes genetic fusion of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) gene to the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene.[11] This fusion PML-RAR protein is responsible for preventing immature myeloid cells from differentiating into more mature cells. This block in differentiation is thought to cause leukemia. ATRA acts on PML-RAR to lift this block, causing the immature promyelocytes to differentiate to normal mature blood cells thus decreasing promyelocytes.[citation needed]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2011) |
When used, dryness or increased sensitivity to sunlight of the affected skin may occur.[12] More sensitive patients may also experience redness, scaling, itching, and burning.[13] A gradual increase in the frequency and amount of tretinoin application is best, as this allows one's skin to adequately adjust to the drug. Patients should be careful to follow their physician's recommendations when beginning a round of treatment.
This product increases the risk of sunburn;[14] care should be taken (shade, sunscreen, etc.) to protect treated skin from overexposure to ultraviolet light.
Because usage of tretinoin may cause thinning of the skin, it is strongly recommended that patients who are using the drug abstain from hair removal waxing.[citation needed] The wax will, when removed, pull off the top level of epithelium (skin) with it, leaving a red, inflamed, sore mark for several days.[citation needed] Tweezing or threading (epilation) is a viable option for hair removal. The recommended timeframe to wait for a waxing treatment after using tretinoin varies from source to source; anywhere from five days to three months have been reported. Patients should consult with their esthetician and dermatologist to discuss the best hair removal options during or after tretinoin use.[citation needed]
This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2011) |
There is a unique complication of retinoic acid syndrome in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. This is associated with the development of dyspnea, fever, weight gain, peripheral edema and is treated with dexamethasone. The etiology of retinoic acid syndrome has been attributed to capillary leak syndrome from cytokine release from the differentiating promyelocytes.
It is a teratogen, and therefore can cause birth defects and tests have shown increases in fetal skull abnormalities in rats.[15] Women who are or may be pregnant, or who are seeking to become pregnant, are therefore warned against using it.[16] This teratogenic effect is caused by the interference of the exogenous retinoic acid with endogenous retinoic acid signaling, which plays a role in patterning the developing embryo. However the risks of topical tretinoin to the fetus seems to be limited.[17]
A study published by the European Respiratory Journal in 2002, suggested tretinoin can reverse the effects of emphysema in mice by returning elasticity (and regenerating lung tissue through gene mediation) to the alveoli.[18] Studies suggested this might form a promising treatment in human emphysema patients.[19] However, a newer follow-up study done in 2006 found inconclusive results ("no definitive clinical benefits") using vitamin A (retinoic acid) in treatment of emphysema in humans and stated further research is needed to reach conclusions on this treatment.[20]
Tetrinoin can be synthesized from ionone.[21]
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リンク元 | 「オールトランスレチノイン酸」「トレチノイン」「trans-retinoic acid」 |
拡張検索 | 「tretinoin tocoferil」 |
オールトランス型レチノイン酸 : 66 件 全トランス型レチノイン酸 : 約 55,700 件 オールトランスレチノイン酸 : 約 111,000 件 全トランスレチノイン酸 : 約 56,900 件
トランス型レチノイン酸、トランスレチノイン酸、trans-レチノイン酸
.