WordNet

(anatomy) any of the narrow grooves in an organ or tissue especially those that mark the convolutions on the surface of the brain

PrepTutorEJDIC

横の,横断の;(線など)交わる / (幾何で)横軸の / 横断するもの(特に道路など) / (幾何で)横軸

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1. 横位の胎児 transverse fetal lie
2. 横断性脊髄炎 transverse myelitis
3. 後頭横位 occiput transverse position
4. 爪疾患の概要 overview of nail disorders
5. 女性の骨盤臓器脱：後膣壁脱の外科的修復 pelvic organ prolapse in women surgical repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapse

English Journal

Multiple object properties drive scene-selective regions.

Troiani V1, Stigliani A, Smith ME, Epstein RA.Author information 1Department of Psychology and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.AbstractNeuroimaging studies have identified brain regions that respond preferentially to specific stimulus categories, including 3 areas that activate maximally during viewing of real-world scenes: The parahippocampal place area (PPA), retrosplenial complex (RSC), and transverse occipital sulcus (TOS). Although these findings suggest the existence of regions specialized for scene processing, this interpretation is challenged by recent reports that activity in scene-preferring regions is modulated by properties of isolated single objects. To understand the mechanisms underlying these object-related responses, we collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data while subjects viewed objects rated along 7 dimensions, shown both in isolation and on a scenic background. Consistent with previous reports, we find that scene-preferring regions are sensitive to multiple object properties; however, results of an item analysis suggested just 2 independent factors-visual size and the landmark suitability of the objects-sufficed to explain most of the response. This object-based modulation was found in PPA and RSC irrespective of the presence or absence of a scenic background, but was only observed in TOS for isolated objects. We hypothesize that scene-preferring regions might process both visual qualities unique to scenes and spatial qualities that can appertain to either scenes or objects.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991).Cereb Cortex.2014 Apr;24(4):883-97. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhs364. Epub 2012 Dec 4.
Neuroimaging studies have identified brain regions that respond preferentially to specific stimulus categories, including 3 areas that activate maximally during viewing of real-world scenes: The parahippocampal place area (PPA), retrosplenial complex (RSC), and transverse occipital sulcus (TOS). Alt
PMID 23211209

Abnormal cortical thickness in heroin-dependent individuals.

Li M1, Tian J2, Zhang R1, Qiu Y2, Wen X1, Ma X2, Wang J1, Xu Y1, Jiang G3, Huang R4.Author information 1Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.2Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, PR China.3Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, PR China. Electronic address: GH.jiang2002@163.com.4Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China. Electronic address: ruiwang.huang@gmail.com.AbstractAccumulating evidence from brain structural imaging studies on heroin dependence has supported links between brain morphological alterations and heroin exposure, particularly in gray matter volume or gray matter density. However, the effects of heroin exposure on cortical thickness and the relationship between cortical thickness and heroin addiction are not yet known. In this study, we acquired 3D high-resolution brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 18 heroin-dependent individuals (HDIs) and 15 healthy controls (HCs). Using FreeSurfer, we detected abnormalities in cortical thickness in the HDIs. Based on a vertex-wise analysis, the HDIs showed significantly decreased cortical thickness in the bilateral superior frontal, left caudal middle frontal, right superior temporal, and right insular regions compared to the HCs but significantly increased cortical thickness in the left superior parietal, bilateral lingual, left temporal pole, right inferior parietal, right lateral occipital, and right cuneus regions. To supplement these results, a subsequent ROI-wise analysis was performed and showed decreased cortical thickness in the left superior frontal sulcus, left precuneus gyrus, left calcarine sulcus, left anterior transverse collateral sulcus, and the right medial occipital-temporal and lingual sulcus. These regions partially overlapped with the areas identified using the vertex-wise analysis. In addition, we found that the thickness in the right superior frontal and right insular regions was negatively correlated with the duration of heroin use. These results provide compelling evidence for cortical abnormality in HDIs and also suggest that the duration of heroin use may be a critical factor associated with the brain alteration.
NeuroImage.Neuroimage.2014 Mar;88:295-307. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.10.021. Epub 2013 Oct 17.
Accumulating evidence from brain structural imaging studies on heroin dependence has supported links between brain morphological alterations and heroin exposure, particularly in gray matter volume or gray matter density. However, the effects of heroin exposure on cortical thickness and the relations
PMID 24140937

Spectral organization of the human lateral superior temporal gyrus revealed by intracranial recordings.

Nourski KV1, Steinschneider M, Oya H, Kawasaki H, Jones RD, Howard MA.Author information 1Department of Neurosurgery.AbstractThe place of the posterolateral superior temporal (PLST) gyrus within the hierarchical organization of the human auditory cortex is unknown. Understanding how PLST processes spectral information is imperative for its functional characterization. Pure-tone stimuli were presented to subjects undergoing invasive monitoring for refractory epilepsy. Recordings were made using high-density subdural grid electrodes. Pure tones elicited robust high gamma event-related band power responses along a portion of PLST adjacent to the transverse temporal sulcus (TTS). Responses were frequency selective, though typically broadly tuned. In several subjects, mirror-image response patterns around a low-frequency center were observed, but typically, more complex and distributed patterns were seen. Frequency selectivity was greatest early in the response. Classification analysis using a sparse logistic regression algorithm yielded above-chance accuracy in all subjects. Classifier performance typically peaked at 100-150 ms after stimulus onset, was comparable for the left and right hemisphere cases, and was stable across stimulus intensities. Results demonstrate that representations of spectral information within PLST are temporally dynamic and contain sufficient information for accurate discrimination of tone frequencies. PLST adjacent to the TTS appears to be an early stage in the hierarchy of cortical auditory processing. Pure-tone response patterns may aid auditory field identification.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991).Cereb Cortex.2014 Feb;24(2):340-52. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhs314. Epub 2012 Oct 9.
The place of the posterolateral superior temporal (PLST) gyrus within the hierarchical organization of the human auditory cortex is unknown. Understanding how PLST processes spectral information is imperative for its functional characterization. Pure-tone stimuli were presented to subjects undergoin
PMID 23048019

Japanese Journal

Responses of monkey prefrontal neurons during the execution of transverse patterning

Nejime Masafumi,Inoue Masato,Saruwatari Masanori,Mikami Akichika,Nakamura Katsuki,Miyachi Shigehiro
Behavioural Brain Research 278, 293-302, 2015-02
… Recent functional imaging studies have suggested that the prefrontal cortex (PF) is engaged in the performance of transverse patterning (TP), which consists of 3 conflicting discriminations (A+/B−, B+/C−, C+/A−). … To address this issue, we examined the neuronal responses in 3 regions [the principal sulcus (PS), dorsal convexity (DC), and medial prefrontal cortex (MPF)] of the macaque PF during the performance of an oculomotor version of TP. …
NAID 120005512249

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage as the Initial Presentation of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

, , , , , ,
Internal Medicine 49(5), 467-470, 2010
… We present a woman with thrombosis of the superior sagittal, straight, transverse and sigmoid sinuses who presented with SAH in the right temporal sulcus and bilateral cerebellar sulci. …
NAID 130000251697

fMRIによる光沢知覚に関わる脳活動部位の解析(マルチモーダル・感性情報処理の基礎と応用,一般)

和田充史,坂野雄一,安藤広志
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. HIP, ヒューマン情報処理 108(356), 83-86, 2008-12-11
物体表面の光沢知覚に関わる神経基盤の解明に向けて機能的磁気共鳴画像法による実験を行った.視覚刺激として光沢レベルの異なる物体をCGにより再現した.また,光沢知覚に相関する血中酸素レベル依存応答を単なる刺激の輝度への応答から分離するため,刺激物体に対する照明条件を統制した.脳表面図に基づく集団解析の結果より,横後頭溝および腹側後頭部が光沢知覚に関わる領域と示唆された.さらに,それら賦活領域に対応する …
NAID 110007124105