WordNet

undergo a test; "She doesnt test well"
any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; "the test was standardized on a large sample of students" (同)mental test, mental testing, psychometric test
the act of undergoing testing; "he survived the great test of battle"; "candidates must compete in a trial of skill" (同)trial
the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" (同)trial, run
a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins
put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe" (同)prove, try, try out, examine, essay
achieve a certain score or rating on a test; "She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools"
determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
show a certain characteristic when tested; "He tested positive for HIV"
an examination of the characteristics of something; "there are laboratories for commercial testing"; "it involved testing thousands of children for smallpox"
the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works; "they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons"
any specific behavior; "they avoided all recreational activity"
(chemistry) the capacity of a substance to take part in a chemical reaction; "catalytic activity"
cross a river where its shallow
the act of crossing a stream or river by wading or in a car or on a horse (同)fording
a shallow area in a stream that can be forded (同)crossing

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人の能力などの)『試験』,考査,テスト / (物事の)『試験』,検済,試錬,実験《+of+名》 / 化学分析;試薬 / =test match / …‘を'『試験する』,検査する / …‘を'化学分析する / (…の)試験を受ける,試験をする《+for+名》
《時間・距離》『…の間』 / 《利益・貢献》『…のために』 / 《適応・用途》『…向きの(に);』…用の(に);…のための(に) / 《目的・意向》『…のために,』に / 《敬意・記念》『…のために;』…を記念して / 《獲得・追求》『…を得るために』,を求めて / 《行く先・方向》『…あてに;』…[方面]行きの,に向けて / 《交換・報償など》『…に対して』;…と引き換えに;…のお返しに / 《原因・理由》『…のために』,なので / 《代理・代表》『…の代わりに;』…を代表して / 《形容詞の後に用いて》『…にとって,』には / 《比較級の後に用いて》『…の結果として,』…のために / 《対比》『…としては,』のわりには / 《関連》『…について,』の点では / 《資格・属性》『…として』 / 《賛成・支持》…『に賛成して』,を支持して / 《傾向・好み》…『に対する』,には / 《模倣》《おもに米》《英文》…の名を取って(after) / 《割合》…に対して / 《『for』+『名』〈人〉+『to』 doの形で,〈人〉が不定詞to doの意味上の主語を表して》…が(…することは,…するために) / […というのは]…だから
〈U〉『活動』,働き;活力 / 《しばしば複数形で》(種々の)『活動』,行事;(学生の)学内(外)活動,クラブ活動 / 〈U〉(商況・市場などの)活発,活気
(川などの)浅瀬 / 〈川〉‘の'浅瀬を渡る

UpToDate Contents

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1. 胃酸分泌の生理学 physiology of gastric acid secretion
2. 肝線維症の非侵襲的評価：血清学的検査および画像診断 noninvasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis overview of serologic and radiographic tests
3. 逆流性食道炎の病態生理 pathophysiology of reflux esophagitis
4. 咽喉頭逆流 laryngopharyngeal reflux
5. 栄養の吸収および吸収不良の機序 mechanisms of nutrient absorption and malabsorption

English Journal

Optimization of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lupin (Lupinus) Proteins for Producing ACE-Inhibitory Peptides.

Boschin G1, Scigliuolo GM, Resta D, Arnoldi A.Author information 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy.AbstractRecently, the enzymatic hydrolysis of Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius proteins with pepsin was showed to produce peptides able to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). The objective of the present work was to test different hydrolytic enzymes and to investigate three lupin species (L. albus, L. angustifolius, Lupinus luteus) with the final goal of selecting the best enzyme/species combination for an efficient production of ACE-inhibitory peptide mixtures. Pepsin gave peptides with the best IC50 values (mean value on three species 186 ± 10 μg/mL), followed by pepsin + trypsin (198 ± 16 μg/mL), chymotrypsin (213 ± 83 μg/mL), trypsin (405 ± 54 μg/mL), corolase PP (497 ± 32 μg/mL), umamizyme (865 ± 230 μg/mL), and flavourzyme (922 ± 91 μg/mL). The three species showed similar activity scales, but after pepsin + trypsin and chymotrypsin treatments, L. luteus peptide mixtures resulted to be significantly the most active. This investigation indicates that lupin proteins may be a valuable source of ACE-inhibitory peptides, which may explain the activity observed in experimental and clinical studies and foresee the application of lupin proteins into functional foods or dietary supplements.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.J Agric Food Chem.2014 Feb 26;62(8):1846-51. doi: 10.1021/jf4039056. Epub 2014 Feb 11.
Recently, the enzymatic hydrolysis of Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius proteins with pepsin was showed to produce peptides able to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). The objective of the present work was to test different hydrolytic enzymes and to investigate three lupin species
PMID 24483134

Thioamide-based fluorescent protease sensors.

Goldberg JM1, Chen X, Meinhardt N, Greenbaum DC, Petersson EJ.Author information 1Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States.AbstractThioamide quenchers can be paired with compact fluorophores to design "turn-on" fluorescent protease substrates. We have used this method to study a variety of serine-, cysteine-, carboxyl-, and metallo-proteases, including trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, thermolysin, papain, and calpain. Since thioamides quench some fluorophores red-shifted from those naturally occurring in proteins, this technique can be used for real time monitoring of protease activity in crude preparations of virtually any protease. We demonstrate the value of this method in three model applications: (1) characterization of papain enzyme kinetics using rapid-mixing experiments, (2) selective monitoring of cleavage at a single site in a peptide with multiple proteolytic sites, and (3) analysis of the specificity of an inhibitor of calpain in cell lysates.
Journal of the American Chemical Society.J Am Chem Soc.2014 Feb 5;136(5):2086-93. doi: 10.1021/ja412297x. Epub 2014 Jan 28.
Thioamide quenchers can be paired with compact fluorophores to design "turn-on" fluorescent protease substrates. We have used this method to study a variety of serine-, cysteine-, carboxyl-, and metallo-proteases, including trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, thermolysin, papain, and calpain. Since thioa
PMID 24472041

Bioavailability of the anti-clostridial bacteriocin thuricin CD in gastrointestinal tract.

Rea MC1, Alemayehu D, Casey PG, O'Connor PM, Lawlor PG, Walsh M, Shanahan F, Kiely B, Ross RP, Hill C.Author information 1Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.AbstractThuricin CD is a two component narrow spectrum bacteriocin comprising two peptides with targeted activity against Clostridium difficile. This study examined the bioavailability of thuricin with a view to developing it as an effective antimicrobial against intestinal infection. One of the peptides, Trn-β, was found to be degraded by the gastric enzymes pepsin and α-chymotrypsin both in vitro and in vivo, whereas Trn-α was resistant to digestion by these enzymes and hence was detected in the intestinal porcine digesta following oral ingestion by pigs. In order to determine if spores of the producing organism Bacillus thuringiensis DPC 6431 could be used to deliver the bacteriocin to the gut, spores were fed to 30 mice (approx. 10(8)-2×10(8) per animal) and their germination, growth and production of thuricin in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the animals was monitored. Almost 99 % of the spores delivered to the GIT were excreted in the first 24 h and neither Trn-α nor Trn-β was detected in the gut or faecal samples of the test mice, indicating that ingestion of B. thuringiensis spores may not be a suitable vehicle for the delivery of thuricin CD. When thuricin CD was delivered rectally to mice (n = 40) and C. difficile shedding monitored at 1, 6, 12 and 24 h post-treatment, there was a >95 % (>1.5 log units) reduction of C. difficile 027 in the colon contents of infected mice (n = 10) 1 h post-treatment compared with the control group (n = 10; P<0.001). Furthermore, 6 h post-treatment there was a further 1.5 log reduction in C. difficile numbers (n = 10) relative to the control group (n = 10; P<0.05). These results would suggest that rectal administration of thuricin may be a promising mode of delivery of thuricin CD to the colon.
Microbiology (Reading, England).Microbiology.2014 Feb;160(Pt 2):439-45. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.068767-0. Epub 2013 Nov 28.
Thuricin CD is a two component narrow spectrum bacteriocin comprising two peptides with targeted activity against Clostridium difficile. This study examined the bioavailability of thuricin with a view to developing it as an effective antimicrobial against intestinal infection. One of the peptides, T
PMID 24287693

Japanese Journal

Estimation of Antioxidative Activity in Red and Black Rice with in vitro Digestion Method for Pigs and Evaluation of Antioxidant Status of Gilts Short-term Administered with Red and Black Rice

松本光史,井上寛暁,山崎信,村上斉,梶雄次
日本養豚学会誌 49(3), 109-116, 2012
… The present study was conducted to elucidate the possibilities of red rice and black rice as the source of antioxidant component for pigs and the effects of feeding of red rice or black rice on anti-oxidative status of the gilts. … Elution of antioxidant component from corn, two kinds of brown rice, red rice, and black rice were evaluated by in vitro digestion test. … Corn and rice samples milled through 1mm screen were digested in test tube. …
NAID 130004490107

Enzyme encapsulation in silica particles prepared using enzyme-assisted sol-gel reactions in ionic liquids

Kato Katsuya,Nakagaki Shun,Nishida Masakazu [他],HIRAO Kiyoshi
Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 119(1386), 140-143, 2011
… In this study, a low-temperature and natural pH procedure for the synthesis of silica was developed using hydrolytic enzymes. … For the preparation of silica particles at room temperature and pH 7, a screening test for enzyme-catalyzing direct hydrolysis and polycondensation of tetraethoxysilane by using 5 types of hydrolases; … pepsin, trypsin, esterase, and two lipases were chosen as biocatalysts; …
NAID 130000420866

Inhibitory Effects of Bovine Lactoferrin and Lactoferricin B on Enterobacter sakazakii

WAKABAYASHI HIROYUKI,YAMAUCHI KOJI,TAKASE MITSUNORI
Biocontrol science 13(1), 29-32, 2008-03-10
… The susceptibility of Enterobacter sakazakii, a food-borne pathogen, to several metal-bound forms of bovine lactoferrin (LF), pepsin-hydrolyzed LF (LF-hyd), and LF-derived peptide lactoferricin B (LFcin B) was tested. … A growth curve test indicated that E. … These results suggest that bovine LF-related compounds may be useful for the inhibition of E. …
NAID 10021184194