関: kidney bean、Phaseolus、Phaseolus acutifolius、Phaseolus vulgaris

WordNet

herbs of warm regions including most American beans (同)genus Phaseolus
to remain unmolested, undisturbed, or uninterrupted -- used only in infinitive form; "let her be"
work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function; "He is a herpetologist"; "She is our resident philosopher" (同)follow
have life, be alive; "Our great leader is no more"; "My grandfather lived until the end of war" (同)live
be identical to; be someone or something; "The president of the company is John Smith"; "This is my house"
happen, occur, take place; "I lost my wallet; this was during the visit to my parents house"; "There were two hundred people at his funeral"; "There was a lot of noise in the kitchen"
have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun); "John is rich"; "This is not a good answer"
occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere; "Where is my umbrella?" "The toolshed is in the back"; "What is behind this behavior?"
spend or use time; "I may be an hour"
any of various leguminous plants grown for their edible seeds and pods (同)bean plant
any of various seeds or fruits that are beans or resemble beans
hit on the head, especially with a pitched baseball
any of various edible seeds of plants of the family Leguminosae used for food (同)edible bean

PrepTutorEJDIC

《連結語として補語を伴なって…『である』,…だ,…です / 《位置・場所を表す語句を伴って》(…に)『ある』,いる(occupy a place or situation) / 〈物事が〉『存在する』,ある(exist);〈生物が〉生存する,生きている(live) / 行われる,起こる,発生する(take place, occur) / 存続する,そのままでいる(remain as before) / 《『be to』 do》 / …する予定である,…することになっている / …すべきだ / 《受動態の不定詞を伴って》…できる / 《命令》…するのだ / 《条件節に》…する意図がある / 《『if…were to』 do》…するとしたなら / 《『be』 do『ing』》《進行形》 / 《進行中の動作》…している,しつつある / 《近い未来》…しようとしている,するつもり / 《動作の反復》(いつも)…している / 《『be』+『他動詞の過去分詞』》《受動態》…される,されている / 《『be』+『自動詞の過去分詞』》《完了形》…した[状態にある]
『豆』(おもにいんげん豆・そら豆など大きめの豆類) / 豆のさや(pod) / 豆に似た実 / 《俗》頭 / 《俗》(野球で)ビーンボールを投げる

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/09 05:01:37」(JST)

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Phaseolus acutifolius, the Tepary bean, is native to the southwestern United States and Mexico and has been grown there by the native peoples since pre-Columbian times. It is more drought-resistant than the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and is grown in desert and semi-desert conditions from Arizona through Mexico to Costa Rica. The water requirements are low and the crop will grow in areas where annual rainfall is less than 400 mm (16 in).

Description

The tepary bean is an annual and can be climbing, trailing, or erect with stems up to 4 m (13 ft) long. A narrow leafed, variety tenuifolius, and a broader leafed, variety latifolius, are known. Domestic varieties are derived from latifolius. In the Sonora desert, "the flowers appear with the summer rains, first appearing in late August, with the pods ripening early in the fall dry season, most of them in October."^[3] The beans can be of nearly any color. There are many local landraces. Beans vary in size but tend to be small. They mature 60 to 120 days after planting.^[4]

Other names for this native bean include Pawi, Pavi, Tepari, Escomite, Yori mui, Yorimuni and Yori muni. The name tepary may derive from the Tohono O'odham phrase t'pawi or "It's a bean".^[5] It should be noted that the name for a small bean was recorded in the 17th century, in the now extinct Eudeve language of northern Mexico, as tépar (accusative case, tépari).^[6] Names that contain yori in them typically refer to non-native species of beans since those names mean 'non-Indian person's bean'.^[7]

Cultivation

Tepary beans are the most drought tolerant legume.^{[citation needed]} Germination, however, requires wet soil although the plants will flourish in dry conditions thereafter. Too much water inhibits bean production. Cultivated beans have been found dating to 5,000 BCE in the Tehuacán Valley in Mexico. They were cultivated by Indians by various methods, most commonly after an infrequent rain in the desert or after flood waters along a river or ephemeral stream had subsided. The tepary bean is relatively disease free, except under conditions of high humidity.

The tepary bean was a major food staple of Indians in the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. In addition to being grown in floodplains, it was often grown alongside squash and corn. Growing these plants together, known as Three Sisters agriculture, both enhances their growth and provides more balanced nutrition.

In the United States, the tepary bean was introduced to Anglo farmers in the 19th century by Tohono O'Odham (Papago) farmers.^[8] The Indian method of planting in the American Southwest was to plant three to five seeds in hills six to eight feet apart. Beans were planted in arroyos that had been recently flooded by summer rain.^[9]

Cultivation of tepary beans is possible under the most extreme conditions. The Sand Papago (Hia C-eḍ O'odham) were mainly hunter-gatherers but cultivated tepary beans and other crops when moisture made it possible for them to do so. In 1912, ethnographer Carl Lumholtz found small cultivated fields primarily of tepary beans in the Pinacate Peaks area of Sonora. In the Pinacate, with an average annual precipitation of 75 mm (3.0 in) and temperatures up to 48 °C (118 °F), Papago and Mexican farmers utilized runoff from sparse rains to grow crops. In the 1980s author Gary Paul Nabhan visited this area, and found one farm family taking advantage of the first large rain in six years, planting seeds in the wet ground and harvesting a crop two months later. The most successful crops were tepary beans and a drought-adapted squash. Nabhan calculated that the cultivation in the Pinacate was the most arid area in the world where rain-fed agriculture is practiced.^[10]

Northwestern Mexico is the primary area of production for tepary beans. The tepary is also cultivated in many countries in Africa, Australia, and Asia. In India, tepary beans are an ingredient in the snacks 'bhujia' and Punjabi Tadka by Haldiram.^[5]

As of 2015^[update], the International Center for Tropical Agriculture in Colombia is testing crossbreeds of the tepary bean and common bean, in order to impart the tepary's drought and heat resistance. The latter could be especially helpful given climate change's effects on agriculture.^[11]

Medicinal uses

Research in the United States and Mexico suggest that lectin toxins and other compounds from tepary beans may be useful in chemotherapy for treating cancer. However, further research is needed.^[5]

References

^ The Plant List, Phaseolus acutifolius
^ Tropicos, Phaseolus acutifolius
^ Nabhan, Gary P. and Felger, Richard S. "Teparies in Southwestern North America: A Biogeographical and Ethnohistorical Study of Paseolus acutifolius" Economic Botany Vol 32, No. 1, (Jan-Mar 1978), pp 6-7
^ "Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray". PROTA4U.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Tepary Bean". Agro Products. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
^ Campbell W. Pennington, 1981, Arte y vocabulario de la lengua dohema, heve o eudeva, Mexico City: UNAM, p. 230.
^ Richard Stephen Felger & Mary Beck Moser, 1985, People of the Desert and Sea: Ethnobotany of the Seri Indians, Tucson, University of Arizona Press, p. 342.
^ Nabhan and Felger, pp 8-15
^ "Tepary: the Bean that Laughs at Drought". Mother Earth News. July–August 1983. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
^ Nabhan, Gary Paul. Gathering the Desert Tucson: U of AZ Press, 1990, p. 107-116
^ Charles, Dan (25 March 2015). "Meet The Cool Beans Designed To Beat Climate Change". NPR. Retrieved 25 March 2015.

External links

The Tepary Bean
Bean, Tepary — Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray
Papago (Tohono O'odham) Tepary Bean Soup
NRCS: USDA Plants Profile Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray , var. acutifolius, var. latifolius Freeman
Reynoso-Camacho R, González de Mejía E, Loarca-Piña G (January 2003). "Purification and acute toxicity of a lectin extracted from tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius)". Food Chem. Toxicol. 41 (1): 21–7. doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00215-6. PMID 12453724.
García-Gasca T, Salazar-Olivo LA, Mendiola-Olaya E, Blanco-Labra A (June 2002). "The effects of a protease inhibitor fraction from tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) on in vitro cell proliferation and cell adhesion of transformed cells". Toxicol In Vitro 16 (3): 229–33. doi:10.1016/S0887-2333(02)00006-1. PMID 12020595.
Valadez Vega MD, Alvarez M, Dubón G, García CA, Abdullaev F (July 12–16, 2004). "Cytotoxicity of tepary bean lectins (Phaseolus acutifolius lectins) on human malignant cells". IFT Annual Meeting. Las Vegas, NV. 49I-2.

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English Journal

Variation in accumulation of isoflavonoids in Phaseoleae seedlings elicited by Rhizopus.

Aisyah S1, Gruppen H2, Andini S2, Bettonvil M2, Severing E3, Vincken JP4.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Apr 1;196:694-701. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.110. Epub 2015 Oct 8.
Seeds from seven species of tribe Phaseoleae, i.e. Phaseolus, Vigna, Lablab and Psophocarpus, were investigated for inducibility of isoflavonoids by germination with or without subsequent elicitation with Rhizopus oryzae. Germination alone poorly induced isoflavonoid production (in the range of 0.2-
PMID 26593543

In vitro amylolysis of pulse and hylon VII starches explained in terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains.

Maaran S1, Hoover R2, Vamadevan V3, Waduge RN3, Liu Q3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Feb 1;192:1098-108. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.103. Epub 2015 Jul 26.
The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. The time take
PMID 26304453

Production of maize tortillas and cookies from nixtamalized flour enriched with anthocyanins, flavonoids and saponins extracted from black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed coats.

Chávez-Santoscoy RA1, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA2, Serna-Saldivar SO2, Perez-Carrillo E3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Feb 1;192:90-7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.113. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
Ethanolic extract from black beans coat is a source of flavonoids, saponins and antocyanins. Nixtamalized maize flours (NF) are used for the preparation of products such as tortillas, tortillas chips, cookies among others. The objective of this research was to study the effect on textural parameters
PMID 26304324

Japanese Journal

Response to Salinity of Three Grain Legumes for Potential Cultivation in Arid Areas (Plant Nutrition)

Lopez-Aguilar Raul,Orduno-Cruz Andres,Lucero-Arce Armando [他],Murillo-Amador Bernardo,Troyo-Dieguez Enrique
Soil science and plant nutrition 49(3), 329-336, 2003-06
… Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. … Walp.), and wild bean "frijolillo" (Phaseolus filiformis Bent) were grown during a period of 14 d in a nutrient solution salinized with 80 mmol L^<-1> …
NAID 110001717758

テパリービーンのα-アミラーゼインヒビター関連遺伝子の単離と解析

山田剛,服部一三,石本政男
育種学研究 = Breeding research 4(1), 16, 2002-03-30
NAID 10008569623

Purification and characterization of two α-amylase inhibitors from seeds of tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray)

YAMADA T.
Phytochemistry 58, 59-66, 2001
NAID 30003924042

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「Phaseolus」「Phaseolus vulgaris」「kidney bean」「テパリービーン」「Phaseolus acutifolius」
関連記事	「bean」「be」

「Phaseolus」

Phaseolus acutifolius
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Genus:	Phaseolus
Species:	P. acutifolius
Binomial name
	Phaseolus acutifolius; A.Gray
Synonyms
	Phaseolus acutifolius var. tenuifolius A.Gray; Phaseolus tenuifolius (A. Gray) Wooton & Standl.;