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abnormal narrowing of a bodily canal or passageway (同)stricture

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/23 18:59:33」(JST)

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Canine subvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) is an abnormal, congenital heart murmur caused by subaortic stenosis (SAS). There is a high incidence of this condition among Rottweiler dogs.

There is very good evidence that it is heritable, passed on from generation to generation genetically. This genetic trait is what is called polygenic, so that the inheritance is complex. An animal might have the genes for SAS, yet have no actual sign of SAS. Also, an animal might have signs of subaortic stenosis, and yet offspring with signs of SAS may not be seen for a couple of generations. Any animal that has subaortic stenosis should not be bred, because they can definitely pass the defect on to future offspring. There is some controversy as to whether the parents of an animal with SAS should be bred again.

Heart murmurs are graded on a scale of 1 to 6, with one being very mild and six being very serious, with some animals dying before they reach this high stage due to a sudden leap in the grade or through long-term slowing down. Murmurs can exist due to a large number of heart problems (infection, trauma, anemia, etc.; some are innocent, with no cardiac pathology. Tests such as chest X-rays, echocardiography, and electro-cardiography can be performed to evaluate the severity of the situation

Aortic stenosis in the Rottweiler appears to be true subvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS), similar to that in the Newfoundland dog, as opposed to the valvular form (seen more in boxer dogs) or the supravalvular form sometimes seen in people.

The condition is usually detected during puppy visits to the veterinarian by hearing a heart murmur during physical examination. A heart murmur is the abnormal sound of blood rushing through one of the heart valves. Instead of just the heartbeat, a whistle of blood flow through a narrowed opening is heard. The puppy will most likely appear normal in all other respects. There is a possibility that the murmur may come and go, or it may develop slowly; this can be determined by frequent checks of a puppy's heart during its first few months. The chance for long-term survival of SAS is low.

Puppies and dogs diagnosed with subaortic stenosis can suffer from heart failure and sudden death. If a dog with SAS develops heart failure, medications can be prescribed to alleviate the clinical signs (sudden/strong lethargicism, heavy panting continuously, rise in temperature etc.).

The OFA has established a Congenital Heart Registry whose guidelines were established by veterinary cardiologists. A dog which auscultates normally at 12 months of age is considered to be free of congenital heart disease; upon confirmation of this, the OFA will issue a certificate.

External links

http://rottweilerhealth.org/rott_healthissues.html
http://rottweilerhealth.org/pdfs/grant2620_SAS_findings.pdf
http://www.adoptagolden.com/k9stuff/vetcorner/stenosis.htm
http://www.rottclub.ca/subarotic.html

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1. 大動脈弁下狭窄（大動脈弁下部狭窄） subvalvar aortic stenosis subaortic stenosis
2. 大動脈二尖弁の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve
3. 大動脈弁の心エコー評価 echocardiographic evaluation of the aortic valve
4. 心雑音の聴診 auscultation of cardiac murmurs
5. 肥大型心筋症の臨床症状 clinical manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

English Journal

Subvalvular pannus formation causing aortic stenosis in patient with a normal prosthetic aortic valve: computed tomography finding.

Chung MS1, Yang DH2, Kim DH3, Kang JW1, Lim TH1.
European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging.2015 Apr;16(4):458. doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jeu285. Epub 2014 Dec 2.
PMID 25468957

Dynamic LVOT Obstruction and Aortic Stenosis in the Same Patient: A Case of Challenging Doppler Hemodynamics.

Parker MW1, Kiernan FJ.
Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.).Echocardiography.2015 Mar 25. doi: 10.1111/echo.12935. [Epub ahead of print]
We present a patient with both dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and valvular aortic stenosis. The aortic valve was calcified, and velocities and gradients measured by continuous-wave Doppler met standard criteria for severe aortic stenosis. The increased subvalvular velocities inva
PMID 25809389

[Surgery of grown up congenital heart disease. About 540 cases].

Haddad A1, Bourezak R2, Aouiche M2, Ait Mohand R2, Hamzaoui A2, Bourezak SE2.
Annales de cardiologie et d'angeiologie.Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris).2015 Mar 23. pii: S0003-3928(15)00043-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ancard.2015.02.005. [Epub ahead of print]
INTRODUCTION: With advances in recent decades in the field of congenital heart disease both for imaging in medical therapy, a large number of heart disease is diagnosed before birth. Many of them benefit from surgery and reach adulthood, they do not require further action. Some of them develop later
PMID 25813649

Japanese Journal

Deformities of Pulmonary and Aortic Annulus 42 Years after Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot

MATSUSHITA Tsutomu,MASUDA Shinsuke,INOUE Tomoya,USUI Kimihito,YAMAGISHI Masaaki
Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 18(1), 48-50, 2012-02-01
… We report an extremely rare case of deformity of the pulmonary sinus of Valsalva with pulmonary valvular stenosis 42 years after a pulmonary annular-sparing operation for tetralogy of Fallot. … Aortic regurgitation with deformity of the sinus is also noted. … At the previous operation, the right ventricular outflow tract was augmented by a prosthetic subvalvular patch. …
NAID 10030235802

Diffuse Alveolar Damage in a Young Cat

KOBAYASHI Ryosuke,YAMANO Shigeki,TANAKA Katsuyuki,KAMIIE Junichi,SHIROTA Kinji
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 73(10), 1347-1349, 2011
… A 10-month-old cat was diagnosed with congenital subvalvular aortic stenosis. …
NAID 130000868091

Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries - Echocardiography Criteria for Surgical Strategies -:– Echocardiography Criteria for Surgical Strategies –

Wu Kun-Lang,Wang Jou-Kou,Lin Ming-Tai,Chen Chun-An,Wu En-Ting,Chiu Sheunn-Nan,Wu Mei-Hwan
Circulation Journal 74(6), 1214-1218, 2010
… Late, severe neo-aortic regurgitation occurred more frequently in group IIa patients. … Echocardiography evidence of isolated subvalvular stenosis, pulmonary to aortic valvular annulus ratio >0.98 or LVOT pressure gradient …
NAID 130000247823