subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

上衣下巨細胞星状細胞腫

関

anaplastic astrocytoma、astrocytic glioma、astrocytoma、astroglioma、fibrillary astrocytoma、gemistocytic astrocytoma、grade I astrocytoma、grade II astrocytoma、grade III astrocytoma、juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma、mixed oligoastrocytoma、pilocytic astrocytoma

同

上衣下巨細胞性星状細胞腫

WordNet

1. small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
2. a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
3. a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
4. (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
5. any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
6. a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
7. any creature of exceptional size
8. someone or something that is abnormally large and powerful (同)goliath, behemoth, monster, colossus
9. a very large person; impressive in size or qualities (同)hulk, heavyweight, whale
10. an imaginary figure of superhuman size and strength; appears in folklore and fairy tales
11. an unusually large enterprise; "Walton built a retail giant"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
2. 『大男』;(物語・伝説の)『巨人』 / 『大人物』,偉人 / 『巨大な物』 / 巨大な,ものすごく大きい

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/01/23 13:07:59」(JST)

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Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
GFAP stained microscopic section of a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	GroupMajor.minor
ICD-9-CM	xxx

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA, SGCA, or SGCT) is a low-grade astrocytic brain tumor (astrocytoma) that arises within the ventricles of the brain. It is most commonly associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Although it is a low-grade tumor, its location can potentially obstruct the ventricles and lead to hydrocephalus.

Symptoms

Individuals with this type of tumor may have no symptoms if cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow remains open. Obstruction of CSF flow will result in the symptoms associated with increased CSF pressure: nausea, vomiting, headache (often positional), lethargy, blurry or double vision, new or worsened seizures, and personality change.

Diagnosis

MRI of brain with sub-ependymal giant cell astrocytoma

Diagnosis is made by imaging with a contrast-enhanced MRI or CT scan of the brain.

Screening

It is recommended that children with TSC be screened for SEGA with neuroimaging every 1–3 years.

Treatment

Pharmacotherapy

Two related drugs have been shown to shrink or stabilize subependymal giant cell tumors: rapamycin and everolimus. These both belong to the mTOR inhibitor class of immunosuppressants, and are both contraindicated in patients with severe infections.

Rapamycin showed efficacy in five cases of SEGA in TSC patients, shrinking their tumor volumes by an average of 65%. However, after the drug was stopped, the tumors regrew.

Everolimus, which has a similar structure as rapamycin, but with slightly increased bioavailability and shorter half-life, was studied in 28 patients with SEGA. There was a significant reduction in SEGA size in 75% of the patients, and a mild improvement in their seizures. Everolimus was approved for the treatment of SEGA by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in October, 2010.

Surgery

Photograph of a brain section containing a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

A NIH Consensus Conference report in 1999 recommends that any SEGA that is growing or causing symptoms should be surgically removed. Tumors are also removed in cases where a patient is suffering from a high seizure burden. If a tumor is rapidly growing or causing symptoms of hydrocephalus, deferring surgery may lead to vision loss, need for ventricular shunt, and ultimately death. Total removal of the tumor is curative.

Surgery to remove intraventricular tumors also carries risks of complications or death. Potential complications include transient memory impairment, hemiparesis, infection, chronic ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, stroke, and death.

Prognosis

After complete surgical removal, a SEGA tumor does not grow back. They do not metastasize to other parts of the body. However, the patient is still at risk for, and often develops, new tumors arising from subependymal nodules elsewhere in the ventricular system.

Epidemiology

SEGAs arise in 5-20% of TSC patients.

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 結節性硬化症：管理 tuberous sclerosis complex management
• 2. まれな脳腫瘍 uncommon brain tumors
• 3. 結節性硬化症：遺伝学、臨床的特徴、および診断 tuberous sclerosis complex genetics clinical features and diagnosis
• 4. 低悪性度神経膠腫の診断および分類 diagnosis and classification of low grade gliomas
• 5. 原発性および転移性脳腫瘍患者における痙攣発作 seizures in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors

English Journal

• A simple method for fabrication of electrospun fibers with controlled degree of alignment having potential for nerve regeneration applications.

• Vimal SK1, Ahamad N1, Katti DS2.
• Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl.2016 Jun 1;63:616-27. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.008. Epub 2016 Mar 5.
• In peripheral nerve injuries where direct suturing of nerve endings is not feasible, nerve regeneration has been facilitated through the use of artificially aligned fibrous scaffolds that provide directional growth of neurons to bridge the gap. The degree of fiber alignment is crucial and can impact
• PMID 27040257

• The role of connexin43-Src interaction in astrocytomas: A molecular puzzle.

• Tabernero A1, Gangoso E2, Jaraíz-Rodríguez M2, Medina JM2.
• Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2016 May 26;323:183-94. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.02.029. Epub 2015 Feb 21.
• Connexin43 (Cx43) as a building block of gap junction channels and hemichannels exerts important functions in astrocytes. When these cells acquire a malignant phenotype Cx43 protein but not mRNA levels are downregulated, being negligible in high-grade astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme, the most
• PMID 25711938

• Targeting the MAP kinase pathway in astrocytoma cells using a recombinant anthrax lethal toxin as a way to inhibit cell motility and invasion.

• Al-Dimassi S1, Salloum G1, Saykali B1, Khoury O1, Liu S2, Leppla SH2, Abi-Habib R1, El-Sibai M1.
• International journal of oncology.Int J Oncol.2016 May;48(5):1913-20. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3431. Epub 2016 Mar 9.
• Malignant astrocytomas are highly invasive into adjacent and distant regions of the normal brain. Understanding and targeting cancer cell invasion is an important therapeutic approach. Cell invasion is a complex process that replies on many signaling pathways including the mitogen-activated protein
• PMID 26984023

• Pilomyxoid astrocytoma in the adult cerebellum.

• Chen AS1, Paldor I1, Tsui AE2, Yuen TI3.
• Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia.J Clin Neurosci.2016 May;27:170-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.11.008. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
• Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a recently recognised World Health Organization (WHO) Grade II tumour that was previously characterised as a subtype of the WHO Grade I pilocytic astrocytoma (PA). PMA has a histological appearance distinct from PA and a poorer prognosis due to its greater propensity
• PMID 26777083

Japanese Journal

• 結節性硬化症に随伴してみられた脳室上衣下巨細胞性星細胞腫の1例

• 安倍 秀幸,河原 明彦,杉田 保雄,山口 知彦,真田 咲子,矢野 博久,鹿毛 政義
• 日本臨床細胞学会雑誌 50(3), 186-190, 2011-05-22
• NAID 10028110075

• 4. Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomaの一手術例（第40回群馬腫瘍研究会<一般演題1>)

• 塚田 晃裕,藍原 正憲,塚原 隆司
• The Kitakanto medical journal 59(4), 386-386, 2009-11-01
• NAID 120002098483

• Solitary subependymal giant cell astrocytoma incidentally found at autopsy in an elderly woman without tuberous sclerosis complex

• TAKEI Hidehiro,ADESINA Adekunle M.,POWELL Suzanne Z.
• Neuropathology : official journal the Japanese Society of Neuropathology 29(2), 181-186, 2009-04-01
• NAID 10026608975

• Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) : Is it an astrocytoma? Morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

• BUCCOLIERO Anna M.,FRANCHI Alessandro,CASTIGLIONE Francesca,GHERI Chiara F.,MUSSA Federico,GIORDANO Flavio,GENITORI Lorenzo,TADDEI Gian L.
• Neuropathology : official journal the Japanese Society of Neuropathology 29(1), 25-30, 2009-02-01
• NAID 10025824762

Related Links

• Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma | Radiology Reference ...

Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SGCA) are benign tumours (WHO grade I), seen almost exclusively in young patients with tuberous sclerosis (TS). They can be either asymptomatic or symptomatic due obstructive ...

• Everolimus for Subependymal Giant-Cell Astrocytomas in ...

Results We enrolled 28 patients. Everolimus therapy was associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in volume of the primary subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma, as assessed on independent central review (P<0 ...

• SEGA or SGCT - Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance

SUBEPENDYMAL GIANT CELL ASTROCYTOMA (SEGA) OR SUBEPENDYMAL GIANT CELL TUMOR (SGCT) Download a PDF of this information. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) occurs in up to 20% of individuals ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「astrocytic glioma」「astroglioma」「mixed oligoastrocytoma」「上衣下巨細胞星状細胞腫」「上衣下巨細胞性星状細胞腫」
関連記事	「giant」「cell」

「astrocytic glioma」

　　[★]

星細胞腫、星状芽細胞腫

関

anaplastic astrocytoma、astroblastoma、astrocytoma、astroglioma、fibrillary astrocytoma、gemistocytic astrocytoma、grade I astrocytoma、grade II astrocytoma、grade III astrocytoma、juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma、mixed oligoastrocytoma、pilocytic astrocytoma、subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

「astroglioma」

　　[★]

• アストログリオーマ、星細胞腫

関

anaplastic astrocytoma、astrocytic glioma、astrocytoma、fibrillary astrocytoma、gemistocytic astrocytoma、grade I astrocytoma、grade II astrocytoma、grade III astrocytoma、juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma、mixed oligoastrocytoma、pilocytic astrocytoma、subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

「mixed oligoastrocytoma」

　　[★]

混合神経膠腫、混合膠腫

関

anaplastic astrocytoma、astrocytic glioma、astrocytoma、astroglioma、fibrillary astrocytoma、gemistocytic astrocytoma、grade I astrocytoma、grade II astrocytoma、grade III astrocytoma、juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma、mixed glioma、pilocytic astrocytoma、subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

「上衣下巨細胞星状細胞腫」

　　[★]

英

subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

関

星状腫、星細胞腫、アストログリオーマ、退形成星状細胞腫、毛様細胞性星細胞腫、混合神経膠腫、肥胖性星細胞腫、グレードII星細胞腫、グレードIII星細胞腫、グレードI星細胞腫、線維性星細胞腫、若年性毛細胞性星細胞腫

「上衣下巨細胞性星状細胞腫」

　　[★]

同

subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

「giant」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 巨大な

関

colossal、huge、hugely、mega、prodigious、vast

　 　 　 　 　 　

「cell」

　　[★] 細胞