seasonal allergic rhinitis

同

SAR

WordNet

1. lend flavor to; "Season the chicken breast after roasting it" (同)flavor, flavour
2. make fit; "This trip will season even the hardiest traveller" (同)harden
3. one of the natural periods into which the year is divided by the equinoxes and solstices or atmospheric conditions; "the regular sequence of the seasons" (同)time of year
4. a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field; "he celebrated his 10th season with the ballet company"; "she always looked forward to the avocado season"
5. a recurrent time marked by major holidays; "it was the Christmas season"
6. characterized by or caused by allergy; "an allergic reaction"
7. having an allergy or peculiar or excessive susceptibility (especially to a specific factor); "allergic children"; "hypersensitive to pollen" (同)hypersensitive, hypersensitized, hypersensitised, sensitized, sensitised, supersensitive, supersensitized, supersensitised
8. occurring at or dependent on a particular season; "seasonal labor"; "a seasonal rise in unemployment"
9. an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nose (usually associated with nasal discharge) (同)coryza

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『季』,季節(春夏秋冬の4季節のそれぞれ) / (一年のうちの,ある気候の)『時季』,時節 / (果物などの)出盛り,(…の)盛んな時期 / (一般に)時節,時期;(…に)ふさわしい時,(…の)好期《『for』+『名』》 / (調味料などで)〈食物〉‘に'『味つけをする』《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (…で)…‘に'趣(おもむき)(面白味)をそえる《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 〈木材など〉‘を'乾燥させる,乾燥させて使えるようにする / 《しばしば受動態で》…‘を'慣らす,鍛える / 〈木材などが〉乾燥する,乾燥して使えるようになる
2. アレルギー性の;(…に)アレルギーを起こす《+『to』+『名』》 / 《補語にのみ用いて》《話》(…に)神経過敏の,(…が)大きらいの《+『to』+『名』(do『ing)』》
3. 季節の,季節的,季節ごとの
4. 鼻炎

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/01/06 13:39:40」(JST)

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Rhinitis

ICD-10	J00, J30, J31.0
ICD-9	472.0, 477
OMIM	607154
DiseasesDB	26380
MedlinePlus	000813 001648
eMedicine	ent/194 med/104, ped/2560
MeSH	D012220

Rhinitis (pron.: /raɪˈnaɪtɪs/) is a medical term for irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose. Common symptoms of rhinitis are a stuffy nose, runny nose, and post-nasal drip. The most common kind of rhinitis is allergic rhinitis, which is usually triggered by airborne allergens such as pollen and dander. Allergic rhinitis may cause additional symptoms, such as sneezing and nasal itching, coughing, headache, fatigue, malaise, and cognitive impairment. The allergens may also affect the eyes, causing watery, reddened or itchy eyes and puffiness around the eyes.

Rhinitis is very common. Allergic rhinitis is more common in some countries than others; in the United States, about 10%-30% of adults are affected annually.

In rhinitis, the inflammation of the mucous membrane is caused by viruses, bacteria, irritants or allergens. The inflammation results in the generation of large amounts of mucus, commonly producing a runny nose, as well as a stuffy nose and post-nasal drip. In the case of allergic rhinitis, the inflammation is caused by the degranulation of mast cells in the nose. When mast cells degranulate, they release histamine and other chemicals, starting an inflammatory process that can cause symptoms outside the nose, such as fatigue and malaise.

Types

Rhinitis is categorized into three types: (i) infective rhinitis includes acute and chronic bacterial infections; (ii) nonallergic (vasomotor) rhinitis includes autonomic, hormonal, drug-induced, atrophic, and gustatory rhinitis, as well as rhinitis medicamentosa; (iii) allergic rhinitis, triggered by pollen, mold, animal dander, dust and other similar inhaled allergens.

Infectious

See also: Common cold and Sinusitis

Rhinitis is commonly caused by a viral or bacterial infection, including the common cold, which is caused by Rhinoviruses and Coronaviruses, or bacterial sinusitis. Symptoms of the common cold include rhinorrhea, sore throat (pharyngitis), cough, congestion, and slight headache.^{[citation needed]}

Vasomotor rhinitis

Non-allergic rhinitis refers to runny nose that is not due to allergy. Non-allergic rhinitis can be classified as either non-inflammatory or inflammatory rhinitis. One very common type of non-inflammatory, non-allergic rhinitis that is sometimes confused with allergy is called vasomotor rhinitis, in which certain nonspecific stimuli, including changes in environment (temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, or weather); airborne irritants (odors, fumes); dietary factors (spicy food, alcohol); sexual arousal; and emotional factors. There is still much to be learned about this entity, but it is thought that these non-allergic triggers cause dilation of the blood vessels in the lining of the nose, which results in swelling, and drainage. Vasomotor rhinitis can coexist with allergic rhinitis, and this is called "mixed rhinitis." (Middleton's Allergy Principles and Practice, seventh edition.) The pathology of vasomotor rhinitis appears to involve neurogenic inflammation and is as yet not very well understood. Vasomotor rhinitis appears to be significantly more common in women than men, leading some researchers to believe that hormones play a role. In general, age of onset occurs after 20 years of age, in contrast to allergic rhinitis which can be developed at any age. Individuals suffering from vasomotor rhinitis typically experience symptoms year-round, though symptoms may be exacerbated in the spring and autumn when rapid weather changes are more common. An estimated 17 million United States citizens have vasomotor rhinitis. The antihistamines azelastine and olopatadine, applied as nasal sprays, may both be effective for vasomotor rhinitis. Fluticasone propionate or budesonide (both are steroids) in nostril spray form may also be used for symptomatic treatment.

Allergic

Main article: Allergic rhinitis

Pollen grains from a variety of common plants can cause hay fever.

Allergic rhinitis or hay fever may follow when an allergen such as pollen or dust is inhaled by an individual with a sensitized immune system, triggering antibody production. These antibodies mostly bind to mast cells, which contain histamine. When the mast cells are stimulated by pollen and dust, histamine (and other chemicals) are released. This causes itching, swelling, and mucus production. Symptoms vary in severity between individuals. Very sensitive individuals can experience hives or other rashes. Particulate matter in polluted air and chemicals such as chlorine and detergents, which can normally be tolerated, can greatly aggravate the condition.^{[citation needed]}

Characteristic physical findings in individuals who have allergic rhinitis include conjunctival swelling and erythema, eyelid swelling, lower eyelid venous stasis, lateral crease on the nose, swollen nasal turbinates, and middle ear effusion.

Even if a person has negative skin-prick, intradermal and blood tests for allergies, they may still have allergic rhinitis, from a local allergy in the nose. This is called local allergic rhinitis. Many people who were previously diagnosed with nonallergic rhinitis may actually have local allergic rhinitis.

Rhinitis medicamentosa

Main article: Rhinitis medicamentosa

It is a condition of rebound nasal congestion brought on by extended use of topical decongestants (e.g., oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, xylometazoline, and naphazoline nasal sprays) that work by constricting blood vessels in the lining of the nose.

Chronic atrophic rhinitis

Main article: Chronic atrophic rhinitis

Chronic rhinitis in form of atrophy of the mucous membrane and glands.

Rhinitis sicca

Chronic form of dryness of the mucous membranes.

Polypous rhinitis

Chronic rhinitis associated with polyps in the nasal cavity.

Management

The management of rhinitis depends on the underlying cause. High-dose administration of Vitamin B12 has been additionally validated to stimulate the activity of the body's TH1 suppressor T-Cells, which then down-regulates the over-production of the allergen antibody IgE in allergic individuals which could decrease both near and long term manifestations of rhinitis symptomology.

References

External links

• Rhinitis at Centers for Chronic Nasal and Sinus Dysfunction
• Sinus Infection And Allergic Rhinitis
• Specialist Library for ENT and Audiology Hay fever resources – online library of high quality research on hay fever and other ENT disorders
• Daily Pollen Count in the USA
• Information on hay fever and children from Seattle Children's Hospital

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. アレルギー性鼻炎の薬物療法 pharmacotherapy of allergic rhinitis
• 2. アレルギー性鼻炎の免疫療法の概要 overview of immunologic treatments for allergic rhinitis
• 3. アレルギー性鼻炎：臨床症状、疫学、および診断 allergic rhinitis clinical manifestations epidemiology and diagnosis
• 4. 患者情報：アレルギー性鼻炎（季節性アレルギー）（詳細） allergic rhinitis seasonal allergies beyond the basics
• 5. アレルギー性鼻炎および結膜炎に対する補完代替療法 complementary and alternative therapies for allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis

English Journal

• Evaluation of the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of fexofenadine in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

• Kasurka CB, Sekero?lu ZA, Sekero?lu V.SourceOrdu University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, 52200 Ordu, Turkey.
• Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA.Toxicol In Vitro.2011 Oct;25(7):1480-4. Epub 2011 May 7.
• Fexofenadine (FXF) is a new non-sedating antihistamine used in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Studies on FXF genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes have not been reported so far. Therefore, the present study is the
• PMID 21575710

• Montelukast for symptom control of interstitial cystitis.

• Traut JL, Macdonald ES, Spangler ML, Saxena S.SourceHy-Vee, Inc., Kansas City, MO.
• The Annals of pharmacotherapy.Ann Pharmacother.2011 Sep;45(9):e49. Epub 2011 Aug 23.
• OBJECTIVE: To describe the effects of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist commonly used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma, on the symptoms of interstitial cystitis (IC).CASE SUMMARY: A 64-year-old male had a history of IC with previous trials of solifenacin, dutasteride, an
• PMID 21862713

Japanese Journal

• 花粉症および治療における患者の認識と"インペアード・パフォーマンス"に対する理解の実情--2010年春期実施・患者意識調査より

• 宮本 昭正,岡本 美孝
• アレルギ-・免疫 18(1), 96-106, 2011-01
• NAID 40017436108

• ヒノキ科花粉症と咽喉頭症状

• 荻原 仁美,湯田 厚司,宮本 由起子,北野 雅子,竹尾 哲,竹内 万彦
• 日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 114(2), 78-83, 2011
• 背景と目的: スギ花粉症にヒノキ科花粉症の合併が多く, その原因として両花粉抗原の高い相同性が挙げられる. しかし実際の臨床の場において, ヒノキ科花粉飛散期にスギ花粉飛散期にはみられない強い咽喉頭症状のある例に遭遇する. そこで, ヒノキ科花粉症の咽喉頭症状について検討した.方法: スギ・ヒノキ科花粉症患者で2008年のスギ・ヒノキ花粉飛散期の咽喉頭症状を1週間単位のvisual analog …
• NAID 130000798337

Related Links

• Allergic Rhinitis - Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

Allergic rhinitis affects about 20 percent of the American population and ranks as one of the most common illnesses in the U.S. The symptoms occur in the nose and eyes and usually occur after exposure to dust, danders, or certain seasonal ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「hayfever」「季節性アレルギー性鼻炎」「SAR」
関連記事	「allergic」「seasonal」「season」「rhinitis」

「hayfever」

　　[★] 枯草熱、花粉症

関

hay fever、pollen allergy、pollen hypersensitivity、pollinosis、pollinotic、seasonal allergic rhinitis

「季節性アレルギー性鼻炎」

　　[★]

英

seasonal allergic rhinitis

関

花粉症、枯草熱、季節性アレルギー鼻炎、花粉アレルギー

「SAR」

　　[★]

同

seasonal allergic rhinitis

「allergic」

　　[★]

• adj.

• アレルギーの、アレルギー性の、アレルギー型の

関

allergy、hypersensitivity

　 　 　

「seasonal」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 季節性の、季節的な

関

seasonality、seasonally

　 　

「season」

　　[★]

• 季節

関

seasonal variation

　 　 　 　 　 　

「rhinitis」

　　[★] 鼻炎

関

allergic rhinitis, hayfever