WordNet

any painful disorder of the joints or muscles or connective tissues
an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology; "diseased tonsils"; "a morbid growth"; "pathologic tissue"; "pathological bodily processes" (同)morbid, pathologic, pathological
a person suffering with rheumatism

PrepTutorEJDIC

リューマチ
(体の)『病気』,疾患 / (精神・道徳などの)病気,病弊
女性の話術芸人 =diseur
病気にかかった / 病的な,不健全な(morbid)
リューマチの / リューマチにかがった / リューマチ患者

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/19 23:38:12」(JST)

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Rheumatism or rheumatic disorder is a non-specific term for medical problems affecting the joints and connective tissue.^[1] The study of, and therapeutic interventions in, such disorders is called rheumatology.

Terminology[edit]

The term "rheumatism" is still used in colloquial speech and historical contexts, but is no longer frequently used in medical or technical literature; there is no longer any recognized disorder simply called "rheumatism." The traditional term covers such a range of different problems that to ascribe symptoms to "rheumatism" is not to say very much. Nevertheless, sources dealing with rheumatism tend to focus on arthritis. However, "non-articular rheumatism," also known as "regional pain syndrome" or "soft tissue rheumatism," can cause significant discomfort and difficulty.^[2] Furthermore, arthritis and rheumatism between them cover at least 200 different conditions.

The term "Rheumatic Diseases" is used in MeSH to refer to connective tissue disorders.^[3]

Palindromic rheumatism has been theorized to be a form of rheumatoid arthritis.^[4]

Types[edit]

The major rheumatic disorders currently recognized include

Ankylosing spondylitis
Back pain
Bursitis/Tendinitis, Shoulder pain, wrist, biceps, leg, knee (patellar), ankle, hip, and Achilles
Capsulitis
Neck pain
Osteoarthritis

Although these disorders probably have little in common in terms of their epidemiology, they do share two characteristics: they cause chronic (though often intermittent) pain, and they are difficult to treat. They are also, collectively, very common.

Other rheumatic diseases which are caused by autoimmunity include:

systemic lupus erythematosus
rheumatoid arthritis
juvenile arthritis
Sjögren syndrome
scleroderma
Polymyositis
Dermatomyositis
Behçet's disease
Reiter's syndrome
Psoriatic arthritis^[5]

Treatment[edit]

A vast number of traditional herbal remedies were recommended for "rheumatism".^[6] Modern medicine, both conventional and alternative, recognises that the different rheumatic disorders have different causes (and several of them have multiple causes) and require different kinds of treatment.

Nevertheless, initial therapy of the major rheumatological diseases is with analgesics, such as paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), members of which are ibuprofen and naproxen. Often, stronger analgesics are required.

The ancient Greeks recorded that bee venom had some beneficial effects on some types of rheumatism.^{[citation needed]}

Cod liver oil has also been used as a remedy.

"Rheumatism" and weather[edit]

There has long been said to be a link between "rheumatic" pain and the weather. There appears to be no firm evidence in favour or against; a 1995 questionnaire given to 557 people by A. Naser and others at the Brigham and Women's Hospital's Pain Management Center concludes that "changes in barometric pressure are the main link between weather and pain. Low pressure is generally associated with cold, wet weather and an increase in pain. Clear, dry conditions signal high pressure and a decrease in pain."

References[edit]

^ "rheumatism" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ "eMedicine - Nonarticular Rheumatism/Regional Pain Syndrome : Article by Daniel Muller".
^ Rheumatic Diseases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ Salvador G, Gomez A, Vinas O, et al. (August 2003). "Prevalence and clinical significance of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide and antikeratin antibodies in palindromic rheumatism. An abortive form of rheumatoid arthritis?". Rheumatology (Oxford) 42 (8): 972–5. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keg268. PMID 12730510.
^ Janeways: "immunology"
^ Vogl, S; Picker, P; Mihaly-Bison, J; Fakhrudin, N; Atanasov, AG; Heiss, EH; Wawrosch, C; Reznicek, G; Dirsch, VM; Saukel, J; Kopp, B (2013). "Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine--an unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs". Journal of ethnopharmacology 149 (3): 750–71. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007. PMC 3791396. PMID 23770053.

External links[edit]

American College of Rheumatology
EULAR - The European League Against Rheumatism
BBC "Your Health" website on Arthritis and Rheumatism

UpToDate Contents

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1. 未分化型の全身性リウマチ性（結合組織）疾患およびオーバーラップ症候群 undifferentiated systemic rheumatic connective tissue diseases and overlap syndromes
2. リウマチ性心疾患の自然史、スクリーニング、およびマネージメント natural history screening and management of rheumatic heart disease
3. 関節リウマチの診断および鑑別診断 diagnosis and differential diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis
4. 急性リウマチ熱：臨床症状および診断 acute rheumatic fever clinical manifestations and diagnosis
5. 消化管疾患によるリウマチ症状の誘導のメカニズム mechanisms for the induction of rheumatic symptoms by gastrointestinal disease

English Journal

Detection of autoantibodies to DSF70/LEDGFp75 in Mexican Hispanics using multiple complementary assay platforms.

Mercado MV1,2, Gómez-Bañuelos E1, Navarro-Hernández RE1, Pizano-Martinez O1, Saldaña-Millán A1, Chavarria-Avila E1, Gonzalez-Rosas L2, Andrade-Ortega L3, Saavedra MA4, Vera-Lastra OL4, Jara LJ4, Medrano-Ramírez G5, Cruz-Reyes C4, García-De la Torre I6, Escarra-Senmarti M1, Anjos LM7, Basu A7, Albesa R8, Mahler M8, Casiano CA9,10.
Auto- immunity highlights.Auto Immun Highlights.2017 Dec;8(1):1. Epub 2016 Nov 24.
PURPOSE: Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) targeting the dense fine speckled antigen DFS70, also known as lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75), are attracting attention due to their low frequency in systemic rheumatic diseases but increased frequency in clinical laboratory referrals
PMID 27896669

Arterial stiffness is not increased in patients with short duration rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.

Dzieża-Grudnik A1, Sulicka J2, Strach M1, Siga O1, Klimek E1, Korkosz M2, Grodzicki T1.
Blood pressure.Blood Press.2017 Apr;26(2):115-121. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2016.1232586. Epub 2016 Sep 22.
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of CV events. The aim of the study was to assess arterial stiffness and inflammatory markers in patients with short durat
PMID 27653044

A hospital-based survey of patients with severe valvular heart disease in China.

Hu P1, Liu XB1, Liang J1, Zhu QF1, Pu CX2, Tang MY3, Wang JA4.
International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2017 Mar 15;231:244-247. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.301. Epub 2016 Nov 25.
OBJECTIVES: Due to increasing aging, the epidemiology of VHD may have changed in China. This study aimed to provide contemporary information on the prevalence, distribution patterns, and etiology of severe VHD in China.METHODS: This was a retrospective survey at Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejian
PMID 27908608