関: enthesopathy、rheumatic、rheumatic disease、rheumatoid

WordNet

any painful disorder of the joints or muscles or connective tissues
a person suffering with rheumatism

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リューマチの / リューマチにかがった / リューマチ患者
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/13 14:01:06」(JST)

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Rheumatism or rheumatic disorder is a non-specific term for medical problems affecting the joints and connective tissue.^[1] The study of, and therapeutic interventions in, such disorders is called rheumatology.

Terminology

The term "rheumatism" is still used in colloquial speech and historical contexts, but is no longer frequently used in medical or technical literature; there is no longer any recognized disorder simply called "rheumatism." The traditional term covers such a range of different problems that to ascribe symptoms to "rheumatism" is not to say very much. Nevertheless, sources dealing with rheumatism tend to focus on arthritis. However, "non-articular rheumatism," also known as "regional pain syndrome" or "soft tissue rheumatism," can cause significant discomfort and difficulty.^[2] Furthermore, arthritis and rheumatism between them cover at least 200 different conditions.

The term "Rheumatic Diseases" is used in MeSH to refer to connective tissue disorders.^[3]

Palindromic rheumatism has been theorized to be a form of rheumatoid arthritis.^[4]

Types

The major rheumatic disorders currently recognized include

Ankylosing spondylitis
Back pain
Bursitis/Tendinitis, Shoulder pain, wrist, biceps, leg, knee (patellar), ankle, hip, and Achilles
Capsulitis
Neck pain
Osteoarthritis

Although these disorders probably have little in common in terms of their epidemiology, they do share two characteristics: they cause chronic (though often intermittent) pain, and they are difficult to treat. They are also, collectively, very common.

Other rheumatic diseases which are caused by autoimmunity include:

systemic lupus erythematosus
rheumatoid arthritis
juvenile arthritis
Sjögren syndrome
scleroderma
Polymyositis
Dermatomyositis
Behçet's disease
Reiter's syndrome
Psoriatic arthritis^[5]

Treatment

A vast number of traditional herbal remedies were recommended for "rheumatism".^[6] Modern medicine, both conventional and alternative, recognises that the different rheumatic disorders have different causes (and several of them have multiple causes) and require different kinds of treatment.

Nevertheless, initial therapy of the major rheumatological diseases is with analgesics, such as paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), members of which are ibuprofen and naproxen. Often, stronger analgesics are required.

The ancient Greeks recorded that bee venom had some beneficial effects on some types of rheumatism.^{[citation needed]}

Cod liver oil has also been used as a remedy.

"Rheumatism" and weather

There has long been said to be a link between "rheumatic" pain and the weather. There appears to be no firm evidence in favour or against; a 1995 questionnaire given to 557 people by A. Naser and others at the Brigham and Women's Hospital's Pain Management Center concludes that "changes in barometric pressure are the main link between weather and pain. Low pressure is generally associated with cold, wet weather and an increase in pain. Clear, dry conditions signal high pressure and a decrease in pain."

References

^ "rheumatism" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ "eMedicine - Nonarticular Rheumatism/Regional Pain Syndrome : Article by Daniel Muller".
^ Rheumatic Diseases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ Salvador G, Gomez A, Vinas O, et al. (August 2003). "Prevalence and clinical significance of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide and antikeratin antibodies in palindromic rheumatism. An abortive form of rheumatoid arthritis?". Rheumatology (Oxford) 42 (8): 972–5. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keg268. PMID 12730510.
^ Janeways: "immunology"
^ Vogl, S; Picker, P; Mihaly-Bison, J; Fakhrudin, N; Atanasov, AG; Heiss, EH; Wawrosch, C; Reznicek, G; Dirsch, VM; Saukel, J; Kopp, B (2013). "Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine--an unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs". Journal of ethnopharmacology 149 (3): 750–71. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007. PMC 3791396. PMID 23770053.

External links

American College of Rheumatology
EULAR - The European League Against Rheumatism
BBC "Your Health" website on Arthritis and Rheumatism

UpToDate Contents

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1. 関節リウマチの臨床的特徴 clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis
2. 関節リウマチの診断および鑑別診断 diagnosis and differential diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis
3. 成人における関節リウマチのマネージメントの一般的原則 general principles of management of rheumatoid arthritis in adults
4. リウマチ性疾患の治療における抗マラリア剤 antimalarial drugs in the treatment of rheumatic disease
5. 成人における中等度～重度の活動性関節リウマチの初期治療 initial treatment of moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis in adults

English Journal

[Importance of the dense fine speckled pattern and anti-DFS70 antibodies for the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases].

López Sañudo S1, Fernández Alonso I2, López Hoyos M3.
Medicina clínica.Med Clin (Barc).2015 Sep 7;145(5):218-23. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2015.03.009. Epub 2015 May 26.
PMID 26021571

Newly recognized Mendelian disorders with rheumatic manifestations.

Jesus AA1, Goldbach-Mansky R.
Current opinion in rheumatology.Curr Opin Rheumatol.2015 Sep;27(5):511-9. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000207.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We review newly discovered monogenic immune-dysregulatory disorders that were reported in Pubmed over the last year.RECENT FINDINGS: Fourteen novel monogenic immune-dysregulatory disorders that present with innate and acquired/adaptive immune dysregulation and inflammatory clinica
PMID 26196376

Environmental disruption of circadian rhythm predisposes mice to osteoarthritis-like changes in knee joint.

Kc R1, Li X1, Voigt RM2, Ellman MB1,3, Summa KC4, Vitaterna MH4, Keshavarizian A2,5,6,7, Turek FW4, Meng QJ8, Stein GS9, van Wijnen AJ10, Chen D1, Forsyth CB2, Im HJ1,3,11,12,13.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2015 Sep;230(9):2174-83. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24946.
Circadian rhythm dysfunction is linked to many diseases, yet pathophysiological roles in articular cartilage homeostasis and degenerative joint disease including osteoarthritis (OA) remains to be investigated in vivo. Here, we tested whether environmental or genetic disruption of circadian homeostas
PMID 25655021

Japanese Journal

関節リウマチに対する1987年ACR改訂分類基準と2010年ACR/EULAR分類基準 (特集関節リウマチに対する新しい治療戦略 : 新分類基準・ガイドラインに基づいて)

桃原茂樹
整形・災害外科 55(10), 1167-1173, 2012-09
NAID 40019427408

Safety and effectiveness of switching from infliximab to etanercept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from a large Japanese postmarketing surveillance study

Koike Takao,Harigai Masayoshi,Inokuma Shigeko,Ishiguro Naoki,Ryu Junnosuke,Takeuchi Tsutomu,Tanaka Yoshiya,Yamanaka Hisashi,Fujii Koichi,Yoshinaga Takunari,Freundlich Bruce,Suzukawa Michio
Rheumatology International 32(6), 1617-1624, 2012-06
… Adverse events (AEs) and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) responses were monitored every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. …
NAID 120004405516