呼吸性アルカローシス
WordNet
- pertaining to respiration; "respiratory assistance"
- a breathing device for administering long-term artificial respiration (同)inhalator
- abnormally high alkalinity (low hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 呼吸の,呼吸作用の,呼吸のための
- 《米》人工呼吸装置 / (一般に)マスク;防毒マスク
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/07/26 08:55:15」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Respiratory alkalosis |
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| Davenport diagram outlines pH and bicarbonate levels |
| Classification and external resources |
| Specialty |
endocrinology |
| ICD-10 |
E87.3 |
| ICD-9-CM |
276.3 |
| DiseasesDB |
406 |
| MedlinePlus |
000111 |
| eMedicine |
med/2009 |
| MeSH |
D000472 |
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[edit on Wikidata]
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Respiratory alkalosis is a medical condition in which increased respiration elevates the blood pH beyond the normal range (7.35-7.45) with a concurrent reduction in arterial levels of carbon dioxide.[1][2] This condition is one of the four basic categories of disruption of acid-base homeostasis.[medical citation needed]
Contents
- 1 Classification
- 2 Signs and symptoms
- 3 Causes
- 4 Mechanism
- 5 Diagnosis
- 6 Treatment
- 7 Society
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 Further reading
Classification
There are two types of respiratory alkalosis: chronic and acute as a result of the 3-5 day delay in kidney compensation of the abnormality.[3][4]
- Acute respiratory alkalosis occurs rapidly, have a high pH because the response of the kidneys is slow.[5]
- Chronic respiratory alkalosis is a more long-standing condition, here one finds the kidneys have time to decrease the bicarbonate level.[5]
Terminology
- Alkalosis refers to the process due to which there is elevation of blood pH.[6]
- Alkalemia refers to an arterial blood pH of greater than 7.45.[7]
Signs and symptoms
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PVC (a type of palpitation) recording
An audio clip recording of a PVC symptom, made with a cardiac event monitor.
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| Problems playing this file? See media help. |
Signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis are as follows:[8]
- Palpitation
- Tetany
- Convulsion
- Sweating
Causes
Respiratory alkalosis may be produced as a result of the following causes:
- Stress[1]
- Pulmonary disorder[4]
- Thermal insult[9]
- High altitude areas[6]
- Salicylate poisoning (aspirin overdose) [6]
- Fever[1]
- Hyperventilation (due to heart disorder or other)[1][10]
- Vocal cord paralysis (compensation for loss of vocal volume results in over-breathing/breathlessness).[11]
- Liver disease[6]
Mechanism
The mechanism of respiratory alkalosis generally occurs when some stimulus makes a person hyperventilate. The increased breathing produces increased alveolar respiration, expelling CO2 from the circulation. This alters the dynamic chemical equilibrium of carbon dioxide in the circulatory system. Circulating hydrogen ions and bicarbonate are shifted through the carbonic acid (H2CO3) intermediate to make more CO2 via the enzyme carbonic anhydrase according to the following reaction: This causes decreased circulating hydrogen ion concentration, and increased pH (alkalosis).[12][13]
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of respiratory alkalosis is done via test that measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels (in the blood), chest x-ray and a pulmonary function test of the individual.[1]
The Davenport diagram allows clinicians or investigators to outline blood bicarbonate concentrations (and blood pH) after a respiratory or metabolic acid-base disturbance[14]
Treatment
Respiratory alkalosis is very rarely life-threatening, though pH level should not be 7.5 or greater. The aim in treatment is to detect the underlying cause. When PaCO2 is adjusted rapidly in individuals with chronic respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis may occur.[4] If the individual is on a mechanical ventilator then preventing hyperventilation is done via monitoring ABG levels.[15]
Society
In The Andromeda Strain, one of the characters is exposed to contamination, but saves himself by increasing his breathing rhythm until he has respiratory alkalosis in his blood.[16]
See also
- Acidosis
- Alkalosis
- Arterial blood gas
- Chemical equilibrium
- Hypocalcemia
- Metabolic acidosis
- Metabolic alkalosis
- pCO2
- pH
- pKa
- Respiratory acidosis
References
- ^ a b c d e "Respiratory alkalosis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
- ^ Singh, Virendra; Khatana, Shruti; Gupta, Pranav (2013-01-01). "Blood gas analysis for bedside diagnosis". National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery. 4 (2): 136–141. ISSN 0975-5950. PMC 3961885 . PMID 24665166. doi:10.4103/0975-5950.127641.
- ^ Adrogué, HJ; Madias, NE (June 2010). "Secondary responses to altered acid-base status: the rules of engagement.". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 21 (6): 920–3. PMID 20431042. doi:10.1681/ASN.2009121211.
- ^ a b c "Respiratory Alkalosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology".
- ^ a b Metheny, Norma M. (2011-01-07). Fluid and Electrolyte Balance. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 148. ISBN 9780763781644.
- ^ a b c d "Alkalosis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
- ^ Klingensmith, Mary E. (2015-10-28). The Washington Manual of Surgery. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 87. ISBN 9781496310798.
- ^ Porth, Carol (2011-01-01). Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 205. ISBN 9781582557243.
- ^ Feld, Leonard G.; Kaskel, Frederick J. (2009-12-15). Fluid and Electrolytes in Pediatrics: A Comprehensive Handbook. Springer Science & Business. p. 280. ISBN 9781603272254.
- ^ https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003071.htm
- ^ "Medscape: Medscape Access". medscape.com.
- ^ "Evaluation of respiratory alkalosis". us.bestpractice.bmj.com. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
- ^ Wilkins, Lippincott Williams & (2005-01-01). Pathophysiology: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 102. ISBN 9781582553177.
- ^ Albert, Richard K.; Spiro, Stephen G.; Jett, James R. (2008-01-01). Clinical Respiratory Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 128. ISBN 0323048250.
- ^ Handbook of Medical-surgical Nursing. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2006-01-01. p. 801. ISBN 9781582554457.
- ^ http://www.afi.com/wise/films/andromeda_strain/androm.html
Further reading
- Lang, Florian (2009-03-19). Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease: With 213 Tables. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9783540671367.
- Unwin, R.; Stidwell, R.; Taylor, S.; Capasso, G. (1997-11-01). "The effects of respiratory alkalosis and acidosis on net bicarbonate flux along the rat loop of Henle in vivo". American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology. 273 (5): F698–F705. ISSN 1931-857X. PMID 9374832.
- LeBlanc, P J; Parolin, M L; Jones, N L; Heigenhauser, G J F (2002-10-01). "Effects of respiratory alkalosis on human skeletal muscle metabolism at the onset of submaximal exercise". The Journal of Physiology. 544 (Pt 1): 303–313. ISSN 0022-3751. PMC 2290561 . PMID 12356901. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2002.022764.
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Water–electrolyte imbalance and acid–base imbalance (E86–E87, 276)
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| Volume status |
- Volume contraction (dehydration/hypovolemia)
- Hypervolemia
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| Electrolyte |
| Sodium |
- High
- Hypernatremia
- Salt poisoning
- Low
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| Potassium |
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| Chloride |
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| Calcium |
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| Acid–base |
| Acidosis |
- Metabolic: High anion gap
- Ketoacidosis
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Lactic
- Normal anion gap
- Hyperchloremic
- Renal tubular
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| Alkalosis |
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| Both |
- Mixed disorder of acid-base balance
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Acid-base status and its clinical implications in critically ill patients with cirrhosis, acute-on-chronic liver failure and without liver disease.
- Drolz A1,2, Horvatits T3,4, Roedl K3,4, Rutter K3,4, Brunner R3, Zauner C3, Schellongowski P5, Heinz G6, Funk GC7, Trauner M3, Schneeweiss B3, Fuhrmann V3,4.
- Annals of intensive care.Ann Intensive Care.2018 Apr 19;8(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s13613-018-0391-9.
- PMID 29675709
- Accuracy of Acid-Base Diagnoses Using the Central Venous Blood Gas in the Medical Intensive Care Unit.
- Schrauben SJ1, Negoianu D1, Costa C2, Cohen RM1, Goldfarb S1, Fuchs BD3, Berns JS1.
- Nephron.Nephron.2018 Apr 12. doi: 10.1159/000488501. [Epub ahead of print]
- PMID 29649820
- Rescue of hyperexcitability in hippocampal CA1 neurons from Mecp2 (-/y) mouse through surface potential neutralization.
- Balakrishnan S1, Mironov SL1.
- PloS one.PLoS One.2018 Apr 5;13(4):e0195094. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195094. eCollection 2018.
- PMID 29621262
Japanese Journal
- 1-B-02 Arterial blood pressure response to severe passive heating at rest relates to hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation(The Proceedings of the 19th Annual Meetings of Japan Society of Exercise and Sports Physiology August 25・26, (Tokushima))
- Neurobiological and physiological mechanisms of fever-related epileptiform syndromes
Related Links
- Treatment is aimed at the condition that causes respiratory alkalosis. Breathing into a paper bag -- or using a mask that causes you to re-breathe carbon ... Effros RM, Swenson ER. Acid-base balance. In: Mason RJ, Broaddus CV ...
- Respiratory alkalosis is a disturbance in acid and base balance due to alveolar hyperventilation. Alveolar hyperventilation leads to a decreased partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2). ... Zab Mosenifar, MD ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- respiratory alkalosis
- 関
- アルカローシス、酸塩基平衡、酸塩基平衡異常
酸塩基平衡異常とその代償 SP.660
病態生理
急性呼吸性アルカローシス
- Na+, K+, PO4-の細胞内シフトを引き起こす。アルブミンの負電荷が減少するため血清遊離Ca2+濃度が減少する。低炭酸ガス血症から低カルシウム血症に陥ることは少ない(minor)。(HIM.295)
慢性呼吸性アルカローシス
呼吸性アルカローシスをきたす病態 HIM.294 OLM.216
症状 IMD.763
- 過換気症候群によりもたらされる症状とオーバーラップするものがあるが、原疾患によって修飾される(IMD.763, HIM.294)。
- 消化器症状：腹痛、腹部膨満感、悪心 ← 過呼吸発作により空気を消化器に飲み込むことによる胃拡張
- 心症状：胸部絞扼感、胸痛、心悸亢進、心電図変化
- 末梢神経症状：四肢・顔面または全身のしびれ
- 筋肉系症状：筋硬直、テタニー型痙攣
- 脳症状意識水準低下、失神、意識喪失
- 表存性呼吸、チアノーゼ、脱力感、意識障害・昏睡(LAB.675,1651)
[★]
急性呼吸性アルカローシス
[★]
- 関
- breath、breathe、breathing、respiration、respiratory mechanics、respiratory organ、respiratory tract