WordNet

make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"
any of various straight muscles

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
筋肉の,筋力のある / 力ずくの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/23 15:04:16」(JST)

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The rectus abdominis muscle, also known as the "abdominals or abs," is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen, as well as that of some other mammals. There are two parallel muscles, separated by a midline band of connective tissue called the linea alba. It extends from the pubic symphysis, pubic crest and pubic tubercle inferiorly, to the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs V to VII superiorly.^[1]

The rectus abdominis muscle is contained in the rectus sheath, which consists of the aponeuroses of the lateral abdominal muscles. Three bands of connective tissue called the tendinous intersections traverse the rectus abdominus, which separates this parallel muscle into eight (rarely ten) distinct muscle bellies. In the abdomens of people with low body fat these bellies can be viewed externally and are commonly referred to as a "four, six, or eight pack," depending on how many are visible; although six is the most common.

Structure

The rectus abdominis is a long flat muscle, which extends along the whole length of the front of the abdomen, and is separated from its fellow of the opposite side by the linea alba.

The upper portion, attached principally to the cartilage of the fifth rib, usually has some fibers of insertion into the anterior extremity of the rib itself.

Blood supply

The rectus abdominis has many sources of arterial blood supply. In reconstructive surgery terms, it is a Mathes and Nahai^[2] Type III muscle with two dominant pedicles. First, the inferior epigastric artery and vein (or veins) run superiorly on the posterior surface of the rectus abdominis, enter the rectus fascia at the arcuate line, and serve the lower part of the muscle. Second, the superior epigastric artery, a terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery, supplies blood to the upper portion. Finally, numerous small segmental contributions come from the lower six intercostal arteries as well.

Innervation

The muscles are innervated by thoracoabdominal nerves, which pierce the anterior layer of the rectus sheath.

Variation

The sternalis muscle may be a variant form of the pectoralis major or the rectus abdominis. Some fibers are occasionally connected with the costoxiphoid ligaments, and the side of the xiphoid process.

Function

The rectus abdominis is an important postural muscle. It is responsible for flexing the lumbar spine, as when doing a so-called "crunch" sit up. The rib cage is brought up to where the pelvis is when the pelvis is fixed, or the pelvis can be brought towards the rib cage (posterior pelvic tilt) when the rib cage is fixed, such as in a leg-hip raise. The two can also be brought together simultaneously when neither is fixed in space.

The rectus abdominis assists with breathing and plays an important role in respiration when forcefully exhaling, as seen after exercise as well as in conditions where exhalation is difficult such as emphysema. It also helps in keeping the internal organs intact and in creating intra-abdominal pressure, such as when exercising or lifting heavy weights, during forceful defecation or parturition (childbirth).

Clinical significance

An abdominal muscle strain, also called a pulled abdominal muscle, is an injury to one of the muscles of the abdominal wall. A muscle strain occurs when the muscle is stretched too far. When this occurs the muscle fibers are torn. Most commonly, a strain causes microscopic tears within the muscle, but occasionally, in severe injuries, the muscle can rupture from its attachment.

Animals

A feline rectus abdominis muscle, from a common housecat. This specimen has some remaining fascia and also shows the external obliques.

The rectus abdominis is similar in most vertebrates. The most obvious difference between animal and human abdominal musculature is that in animals, there are a different number of tendinous intersections.

Additional images

Diagram of sheath of rectus
Muscles of the trunk
Rectus abdominis muscle. Anterior abdominal wall. Deep dissection. Anterior view.
Example of a man with a visible rectus abdominis

References

^ Gray's Anatomy for students, 2nd edition, Page:176
^ Mathes, SJ; Nahai, F (1981). "Classification of the vascular anatomy of muscles: Experimental and clinical correlation". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 67 (2): 177–87. doi:10.1097/00006534-198167020-00007. PMID 7465666.

External links

168165454 at GPnotebook
Anatomy figure: 04:04-07 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "Muscles of the anterior chest wall with the pectoralis major muscles removed."
Anatomy photo:18:01-0115 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "Thoracic Wall: The Anterior Thoracic Wall"
Anatomy figure: 35:06-07 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "Incision and reflection of the external abdominal oblique muscle."
Anatomy figure: 35:07-01 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "Incision and reflection of the internal abdominal oblique muscle."
Anatomy photo:35:10-0100 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "Anterior Abdominal Wall: The Rectus Abdominis Muscle"
Cross section image: pembody/body12a - Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna
Anatomy diagram: 25466.180-1 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier

UpToDate Contents

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2. 帝王切開に対する麻酔 anesthesia for cesarean delivery
3. 筋力低下の評価における筋力検査 muscle examination in the evaluation of weakness
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English Journal

Effects of High-Voltage Electrical Stimulation in Improving the Viability of Musculocutaneous Flaps in Rats.

Neves LM1, Guirro EC, Albuquerque FL, Marcolino AM.
Annals of plastic surgery.Ann Plast Surg.2016 Oct;77(4):e50-4. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000000621.
BACKGROUND: The musculocutaneous flap of the transverse rectus abdominis muscle is a technique used for breast reconstruction, and one of the complications of this procedure is tissue necrosis. The objective of the study is to determine the effect of high-voltage electrical stimulation (HVES) in the
PMID 26418786

Complete response after rechallenge with trabectedin in a patient with previously responding high-grade undifferentiated sarcoma.

Baldi GG1, Di Donato S, Fargnoli R, Dona M, Bertulli R, Parisi E, Fantini L, Sbaraglia M, Panella M.
Anti-cancer drugs.Anticancer Drugs.2016 Oct;27(9):908-13. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000398.
Evidence supporting rechallenge in patients responding to first exposure to trabectedin is limited. We report on a 39-year-old woman with advanced high-grade undifferentiated sarcoma (US) retreated twice with trabectedin after first response. The patient presented in June 2006 with an abdominal mass
PMID 27348763

The synergistic induction of bone formation by the osteogenic proteins of the TGF-β supergene family.

Ripamonti U1, Parak R2, Klar RM3, Dickens C4, Dix-Peek T4, Duarte R4.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2016 Oct;104:279-96. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.018. Epub 2016 Jul 20.
The momentum to compose this Leading Opinion on the synergistic induction of bone formation suddenly arose when a simple question was formulated during a discussion session on how to boost the often limited induction of bone formation seen in clinical contexts. Re-examination of morphological and mo
PMID 27474964

Japanese Journal

測定姿勢、筋力発揮の有無および測定技術の違いが腹部筋厚測定値に及ぼす影響

野口雄慶,Noguchi Takanori,出村慎一,Demura Shin-ichi,高橋憲司,Takahashi Kenji
福井工業大学研究紀要 43, 272-279, 2013-07-18
… This study aimed to examine the effects of measurement postures, the presence or absence of strength exertion, and the tester's measurement skill on the reliability of abdominal muscle thickness measurements using ultrasonic imaging diagnosis. … Skilled and unskilled testers measured muscle thickness during relaxation and strength exertion under upright and supine positions. …
NAID 120005301141

Trunk muscle activity while lifting objects of unexpected weight

Watanabe Masahiro,Kaneoka Koji,Okubo Yu,Shiina Itsuo,Tatsumura Masaki,Miyakawa Shumpei,渡邊昌宏,宮川俊平
Physiotherapy 99(1), 78-83, 2013-03-00
… ObjectiveTo determine trunk muscle activity when lifting an object of greater weight than expected, which may contribute to the development of low back pain.DesignElectromyographic evaluation of trunk muscle activity.SettingUniversity of Tsukuba, Spine laboratory.ParticipantsEleven healthy men with a mean age of 24 (SD 2) years.InterventionsTrunk muscle activity was measured when subjects lifted an object with their right arm in immediate response to a light stimulus. …
NAID 120005246618

Low back load differences between novice and skilled caregivers when changing a diaper on a futon and a bed

Kyota Kaoru,Tsukasaki Keiko
金沢大学つるま保健学会誌 36(2), 25-34, 2012-12-30
… Objectives : To clarify the difference in low back load between novice and skilledcaregivers in diaper changing on a futon and a bed.Methods : Agonist trunk and lower-limb muscle activity during diaper changing in 26novice and 21 skilled caregivers was examined using a surface electromyographattached to 8 agonist muscles, including the left and right lumbar erector spinae,rectus abdominis, vastus lateralis, and semitendinosus. …
NAID 120005122993

Related Pictures

Rectus Abdominis in Yoga: Anatomy of Muscles Image result for rectus abdominis | 筋肉解剖学 Rectus Abdominis Muscle Overview - Anatomy | Kenhub - YouTube 「Yoga Anatomy」のおすすめ画像 43 件 | Pinterest | ストレッチ、ヨガ Rectus Abdominis - Muscle View Stock Footage Video (100% Royalty-free) 12724412 SAMARPAN PHYSIOTHERAPY FITNESS & REHAB. CLINIC: Rectus Abdominis Muscle Deatil Muscle Practical - Anatomy & Physiology 141 with Doney at Tidewater Community College The Rectus Abdominis Muscle

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「腹直筋」「rectus abdominis」
関連記事	「abdominis」「rectus abdominis」「muscle」

「腹直筋」

Rectus abdominis
	The human rectus abdominis muscle.
Details
Origin	Crest of pubis
Insertion	coastal cartilages of ribs 5-7 Xiphoid process of sternum.
Artery	inferior epigastric artery
Nerve	segmentally by thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7 to T11)
Actions	Flexion of the lumbar spine
Antagonist	Erector spinae
Identifiers
Latin	musculus rectus abdominis
Dorlands; /Elsevier	m_22/12550436
TA	A04.5.01.001
FMA	9628
	Anatomical terms of muscle [edit on Wikidata]