関: rectus abdominis muscle

WordNet

any of various straight muscles

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/05/30 18:14:35」(JST)

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The rectus abdominis muscle, also known as the "six pack", is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen (and in some other animals). There are two parallel muscles, separated by a midline band of connective tissue called the linea alba (white line). It extends from the pubic symphysis, pubic crest and pubic tubercle inferiorly to the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs V to VII superiorly.^[1]

Superior to the arcuate line, It is contained in the rectus sheath.

The rectus is usually crossed by three fibrous bands linked by the tendinous intersections. While the "six pack" is by far the most common configuration of the muscle bellies of the rectus, there exist rare anatomic variations which result in the appearance of eight ("eight pack"), ten, or asymmetrically arranged segments.^{[citation needed]} All these variations are functionally equivalent.

Rectus abdominis sheath

Function

The rectus abdominis is an important postural muscle. It is responsible for flexing the lumbar spine, as when doing a "crunch". The rib cage is brought up to where the pelvis is when the pelvis is fixed, or the pelvis can be brought towards the rib cage (posterior pelvic tilt) when the rib cage is fixed, such as in a leg-hip raise. The two can also be brought together simultaneously when neither is fixed in space.

The rectus abdominis assists with breathing and plays an important role in respiration in the event the patient is short of breath.^{[clarification needed]} It also helps in keeping the internal organs intact and in creating intra-abdominal pressure, such as when exercising or lifting heavy weights, during forceful defecation or parturition (childbirth).

Blood supply

The rectus abdominis has several sources of arterial blood supply. In reconstructive surgery terms, it is a Mathes and Nahai^[2] Type III muscle with two dominant pedicles. First, the inferior epigastric artery and vein (or veins) run superiorly on the posterior surface of the rectus abdominis, enter the rectus fascia at the arcuate line, and serve the lower part of the muscle. Second, the superior epigastric artery, a terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery, supplies blood to the upper portion. Finally, numerous small segmental contributions come from the lower six intercostal arteries as well.

Innervation

The muscles are innervated by thoracoabdominal nerves, which pierce the anterior layer of the rectus sheath.

Rectus abdominis muscle

Location

The rectus abdominis is a long flat muscle, which extends along the whole length of the front of the abdomen, and is separated from its fellow of the opposite side by the linea alba.

The muscle is inserted by three portions of unequal size into the cartilages of the fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs.

The upper portion, attached principally to the cartilage of the fifth rib, usually has some fibers of insertion into the anterior extremity of the rib itself.

Some fibers are occasionally connected with the costoxiphoid ligaments, and the side of the xiphoid process.

Damage

An abdominal muscle strain, also called a pulled abdominal muscle, is an injury to one of the muscles of the abdominal wall. A muscle strain occurs when the muscle is stretched too far. When this occurs the muscle fibers are torn. Most commonly, a strain causes microscopic tears within the muscle, but occasionally, in severe injuries, the muscle can rupture from its attachment.

Animals

A feline rectus abdominis muscle, from a common housecat. This specimen has some remaining fascia and also shows the external obliques.

The rectus abdominis is similar in most vertebrates. The most obvious difference between animal and human abdominal musculature is that in animals, there are a different number of tendinous intersections.

Additional images

Anterior surface of sternum and costal cartilages
The interfoveolar ligament, seen from in front
Diagram of sheath of rectus
Diagram of a transverse section through the anterior abdomina wall, below the linea semicircularis
The relations of the femoral and abdominal inguinal rings, seen from within the abdomen. Right side
Horizontal disposition of the peritoneum in the lower part of the abdomen
Transverse section through the middle of the first lumbar vertebra, showing the relations of the pancreas
The left side of the thorax
Surface anatomy of the front of the thorax and abdomen
Muscles of the trunk

References

^ Gray's Anatomy for students, 2nd edition, Page:176
^ Mathes SJ, Nahai F. Classification of the vascular anatomy of muscles: experimental and clinical correlation. Plast Reconstr Surg. Feb 1981;67(2):177-87.

External links

LUC reca
168165454 at GPnotebook
SUNY Figs 04:04-07 – "Muscles of the anterior chest wall with the pectoralis major muscles removed."
SUNY Labs 18:01-0115 – "Thoracic Wall: The Anterior Thoracic Wall"
SUNY Figs 35:06-07 – "Incision and reflection of the external abdominal oblique muscle."
SUNY Figs 35:07-01 – "Incision and reflection of the internal abdominal oblique muscle."
SUNY Labs 35:10-0100 – "Anterior Abdominal Wall: The Rectus Abdominis Muscle"
Cross section at UV pembody/body12a
Rectus+abdominis+muscle at eMedicine Dictionary
Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 25466.180-1

UpToDate Contents

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1. 腹壁の解剖学 anatomy of the abdominal wall
2. 臍のケアおよび臍の異常のマネージメント care of the umbilicus and management of umbilical disorders
3. 広範囲または合併性の腹壁欠損に対するcomponent separation法による修復 component separation repair of large or complex abdominal wall defects
4. Surgical management of stress urinary incontinence in women: Bladder neck fascial sling procedures
5. 乳房再建：自家組織 breast reconstruction autologous tissue

English Journal

Ipilimumab-Induced Immunomediated Adverse Events: Possible Pitfalls in 18F-FDG PET/CT Interpretation.

Gilardi L1, Colandrea M, Vassallo S, Travaini LL, Paganelli G.Author information 1From the Division of Nuclear Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.AbstractA 42-year-old woman underwent resection of a high-risk melanoma of the right thigh. Adjuvant treatment with ipilimumab was then started within a phase III randomised, double-blind clinical trial. F-FDG PET/CT scan showed intense uptake in mediastinal hilar lymph nodes, bilaterally, and in rectus abdominis muscle. Biopsy at the abdominal wall revealed a chronic granulomatous inflammation. After oral steroid treatment, all the areas of abnormal tracer uptake disappeared. Ipilimumab can induce inflammatory immunomediated reactions that should be taken into account to avoid misinterpretation.
Clinical nuclear medicine.Clin Nucl Med.2014 May;39(5):472-4. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0b013e31828da691.
A 42-year-old woman underwent resection of a high-risk melanoma of the right thigh. Adjuvant treatment with ipilimumab was then started within a phase III randomised, double-blind clinical trial. F-FDG PET/CT scan showed intense uptake in mediastinal hilar lymph nodes, bilaterally, and in rectus abd
PMID 23640225

Approach via a small retroperitoneal anterior subcostal incision in the supine position for gasless laparoendoscopic single-port radical nephrectomy: initial experience of 42 patients.

Morita T1, Fujisaki A, Kubo T, Kurokawa S.Author information 1Department of Urology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-city, Tochigi 3290498, Japan. moritatu@jichi.ac.jp.AbstractBACKGROUND: Gasless laparoendoscopic single-port surgery (GasLESS) for radical nephrectomy (GasLESSRN) in the flank position is a minimally invasive treatment option for patients with T1-3 renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, RCC patients considered suitable for supine positioning rather than flank positioning for radical nephrectomy are occasionally encountered. This study evaluated the safety and feasibility of approach via a small retroperitoneal anterior subcostal incision (RASI) in the supine position for GasLESSRN (RASI-GasLESSRN) on the basis of our initial experience.
BMC urology.BMC Urol.2014 Apr 4;14(1):29. doi: 10.1186/1471-2490-14-29.
BACKGROUND: Gasless laparoendoscopic single-port surgery (GasLESS) for radical nephrectomy (GasLESSRN) in the flank position is a minimally invasive treatment option for patients with T1-3 renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, RCC patients considered suitable for supine positioning rather than flank
PMID 24708621

A bilobed thoracoabdominal myocutaneous flap for large thoracic defects.

Charanek AM.Author information From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Women's Health Reference Center Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.AbstractThe author presents a surgical procedure for chest-wall soft tissue reconstruction due to large losses based on a modified thoracoabdominal myocutaneous flap. Designed in a bilobed shape, it rests on the superior epigastric vessels and may include the cranial one fourth of the rectus abdominis muscle and the premuscular fascia of external oblique muscle and constitutes one of the largest flaps based on a single minor artery.Local recurrent breast tumors and adjuvant therapy associated to obesity, high blood pressure, type II diabetes, and tobacco abuse on previously debilitated patients render the usual reconstructive procedure difficulties. These become indications for this flap, whose safety is improved by maintaining the deep fascia of the external oblique muscle attached to the flap to preserve the network of the arteries close to the fascia and a wide-ranging interarterial choke anastomosis alongside the lateral projection of the flap on the thorax.Thus, a wide range of angles allows us to reach even the opposite site of the thorax over the sterna area with an easy closure of the donor site facilitated by the vertical portion of the abdominal donor site. The flap was used in 55 patients, and no serious complications, including necrosis, notable dehiscence, hematoma, seroma, or abdominal wall weakness, were observed. The overall aspect is acceptable with the visible scars over the upper part of the abdomen.
Annals of plastic surgery.Ann Plast Surg.2014 Apr;72(4):451-6. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e318264fc93.
The author presents a surgical procedure for chest-wall soft tissue reconstruction due to large losses based on a modified thoracoabdominal myocutaneous flap. Designed in a bilobed shape, it rests on the superior epigastric vessels and may include the cranial one fourth of the rectus abdominis muscl
PMID 23503434

Japanese Journal

症例腹直筋前鞘まで切除した腹部隆起性皮膚線維肉腫の1例

藤井ひかり,久保正英,帆足俊彦
皮膚科の臨床 57(4), 432-435, 2015-04
NAID 40020439774

再発婦人科悪性腫瘍に対して骨盤除臓術を施行した2例

高橋可菜子,高橋俊文,太田剛,小島原敬信,菊地憲明,冨田善彦,木村理
山形大学紀要. 医学 : 山形医学 33(1), 33-40, 2015-02-15
骨盤除臓術(pelvic exenteration, PE)は、再発婦人科悪性腫瘍に対して行われる婦人科手術の中では最も広汎性の高い手術である。PEの手術適応は骨盤内に限局した再発症例が原則であるが、患者の quality of life(QOL)の改善を目的としたPEの手術適応についてはコンセンサスがないのが現状である。今回、骨盤内に限局した再発子宮肉腫と遠隔転移を有する再発腟癌に対して、異なる …
NAID 110009889046

チェンソーを用いる伐倒作業姿勢の違いが体幹筋群の筋活動量に与える影響

河原大陸,浦辺幸夫,前田慶明,笹代純平,藤井絵里,森山信彰,山本圭彦,岩田昌
産業衛生学雑誌 advpub(0), 2015
目的：チェンソーを扱う多くの林業従事者は，腰痛に悩まされている．先行研究では腰痛の発症と，チェンソーを使用し木を伐り倒す（以下；伐倒）作業姿勢との間に関連性があると報告されている．しかしながら，伐倒作業中の体幹筋群の筋活動量の測定を行った研究は見当たらない．そこで本研究の目的は表面筋電図を用いて，伐倒作業姿勢と体幹伸展筋群の筋活動との関係を明らかとすることとした．方法：対象は非林業従事者10名とし …
NAID 130005070683

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「腹直筋」「腹壁筋」
関連記事	「abdominis」

「腹直筋」

Rectus abdominis
	The human rectus abdominis muscle.
Latin	musculus rectus abdominis
Gray's	subject #118 415
Origin	pubis
Insertion	Costal cartilage of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process of sternum
Artery	inferior epigastric artery
Nerve	segmentally by thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7 to T12)
Actions	Flexion of the lumbar spine
Antagonist	Erector spinae

　　[★]

英: rectus abdominis (KL), rectus abdominis muscle
ラ: musculus rectus abdominis
関: 腹直筋鞘

起始

恥骨(腸骨稜)、恥骨結合

停止

剣状突起、第5～7肋軟骨

神経

肋間神経

機能

体幹の屈曲・側屈・腹内圧を高める

カテゴリ

Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

「腹壁筋」

　　[★]

ラ: rectus abdominis
関: 腹直筋

「abdominis」

　　[★]

腹部

関: abdomen、abdominal、belly、ventral

[0] Gray's Anatomy for students, 2nd edition, Page:176

[1] Mathes SJ, Nahai F. Classification of the vascular anatomy of muscles: experimental and clinical correlation. Plast Reconstr Surg. Feb 1981;67(2):177-87.

Rectus abdominis

The human rectus abdominis muscle.
Latin	musculus rectus abdominis
Gray's	subject #118 415
Origin	pubis
Insertion	Costal cartilage of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process of sternum
Artery	inferior epigastric artery
Nerve	segmentally by thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7 to T12)
Actions	Flexion of the lumbar spine
Antagonist	Erector spinae

匿名

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案内

案内

rectus abdominis