WordNet

strike or drive against with a heavy impact; "ram the gate with a sledgehammer"; "pound on the door" (同)ram down, pound
uncastrated adult male sheep; "a British term is `tup" (同)tup
a tool for driving or forcing something by impact
relating or near the pubis; "pubic bones"; "pubic hair"
the posterior part of the mandible that is more or less vertical

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(去勢しない)雄羊 / 破城づち(先に鉄のつめのついたさおで,戸・城壁などを破るのに用いた) / くい打ち機 / (…に)…‘を'激しく打ちつける(打ち込む)《+『名』+『against』(『into』)+『名』》 / …‘に'激突する / (…に)…‘を'詰め込む,押し込む《+『名』+『into』(in, down』)+『名』》 / (…に)激突する《+『against』(『into』)+『名』》
恥丘の,恥骨の

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1. 高齢者における軽度の骨盤骨折 minor pelvic fractures in the older adult
2. Adductor muscle and tendon injury
3. 経膣メッシュ曝露と骨盤手術後の疼痛のマネージメント management of transvaginal mesh exposure and pain following pelvic surgery
4. 小児における顎骨骨折 jaw fractures in children
5. 舌裂傷の評価および修復 evaluation and repair of tongue lacerations

English Journal

Mandibular effects of maxillary distraction osteogenesis in cleft lip and palate.

Doucet JC1, Herlin C2, Bigorre M2, Bäumler C2, Subsol G3, Captier G4.Author information 1Département de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Plastique Pédiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, France; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. Electronic address: jcdoucet@gmail.com.2Département de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Plastique Pédiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, France.3Equipe ICAR-CNRS, LIRMM, Montpellier, France.4Département de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Plastique Pédiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, France; Laboratoire d'Anatomie de Montpellier, UFR Médecine, Université Montpellier 1, France. Electronic address: g-captier@chu-montpellier.fr.AbstractMaxillary distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a reliable treatment for severe maxillary deficiency in cleft lip and palate (CLP). The objective was to analyze its long-term effects on the mandible. A retrospective study of 24 CLP treated with maxillary DO using the Polley and Figueroa technique was done; patients were followed for more than 4 years. Preoperative (T0), 6-12 months postoperative (T1), and ≥4 years postoperative (T2) cephalometric radiographs were evaluated. A classical cephalometric analysis was used to assess treatment stability, and a Procrustes superimposition method was used to assess local changes in the shape of the mandible. The mean age of patients at T0 was 15.4±4.1 years. SNA increased at T1 and T2 (P<0.001), with no significant relapse between T1 and T2, indicating stability at 1 year after treatment (T0=72.4±5.3°; T1=81.3±6.2°; T2=79.9±6.1°). SNB, facial angle, gonial angle, and symphyseal angle remained stable. Long-term analysis of the mandible demonstrated a minimal counter-clockwise rotation of the body (mandibular plane=-0.2±3.2°) and ramus (-0.6±4.3°). Maxillary DO in CLP had no significant effect on the shape or rotation of the mandible. The maxillary advancement remained stable after 1 year.
International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg.2014 Jun;43(6):702-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.01.017. Epub 2014 Mar 13.
Maxillary distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a reliable treatment for severe maxillary deficiency in cleft lip and palate (CLP). The objective was to analyze its long-term effects on the mandible. A retrospective study of 24 CLP treated with maxillary DO using the Polley and Figueroa technique was don
PMID 24630071

Two-year follow-up of changes in bite force and occlusal contact area after intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy with and without Le Fort I osteotomy.

Choi YJ1, Lim H2, Chung CJ1, Park KH3, Kim KH4.Author information 1Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Dental Hospital, College of Dentistry, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.2Clinical Research Management Team, National Health Insurance Service, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gangnam Severance Dental Hospital, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.4Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Dental Hospital, College of Dentistry, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: khkim@yuhs.ac.AbstractThis study was performed to examine the longitudinal changes in bite force and occlusal contact area after mandibular setback surgery via intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO). Patients with mandibular prognathism who underwent IVRO (surgical group: 39 men and 39 women) were compared with subjects with class I skeletal and dental relationships (control group; 32 men and 35 women). The surgical group was divided into two subgroups: 1-jaw surgery (n=30) and 2-jaw surgery (n=48). Bite force and contact area were measured in maximum intercuspation with the Dental Prescale System before treatment, within 1 month before surgery, and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months postsurgery. A linear mixed model was used to investigate the time-dependent changes and associated factors. Bite force and contact area decreased during presurgical orthodontic treatment, were minimal at 1 month postsurgery, and increased gradually thereafter. The 1-jaw and 2-jaw subgroups showed no significant differences in bite force. The time-dependent changes in bite force were significantly different according to the contact area (P<0.05). The results of this study suggest that bite force and occlusal contact area gradually increase throughout the postsurgical evaluation period. Increasing the occlusal contact area may be essential for improving bite force after surgery.
International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg.2014 Jun;43(6):742-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.02.005. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
This study was performed to examine the longitudinal changes in bite force and occlusal contact area after mandibular setback surgery via intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO). Patients with mandibular prognathism who underwent IVRO (surgical group: 39 men and 39 women) were compared with subjec
PMID 24630069

Ontogenetic variation in the mandibular ramus of great apes and humans.

Terhune CE1, Robinson CA, Ritzman TB.Author information 1Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas.AbstractConsiderable variation exists in mandibular ramus form among primates, particularly great apes and humans. Recent analyses of adult ramal morphology have suggested that features on the ramus, especially the coronoid process and sigmoid notch, can be treated as phylogenetic characters that can be used to reconstruct relationships among great ape and fossil hominin taxa. Others have contended that ramal morphology is more influenced by function than phylogeny. In addition, it remains unclear how ontogeny of the ramus contributes to adult variation in great apes and humans. Specifically, it is unclear whether differences among adults appear early and are maintained throughout ontogeny, or if these differences appear, or are enhanced, during later development. To address these questions, the present study examined a broad ontogenetic sample of great apes and humans using two-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis. Variation within and among species was summarized using principal component and thin plate spline analyses, and Procrustes distances and discriminant function analyses were used to statistically compare species and age classes. Results suggest that morphological differences among species in ramal morphology appear early in ontogeny and persist into adulthood. Morphological differences among adults are particularly pronounced in the height and angulation of the coronoid process, the depth and anteroposterior length of the sigmoid notch, and the inclination of the ramus. In all taxa, the ascending ramus of the youngest specimens is more posteriorly inclined in relation to the occlusal plane, shifting to become more upright in adults. These results suggest that, although there are likely functional influences over the form of the coronoid process and ramus, the morphology of this region can be profitably used to differentiate among great apes, modern humans, and fossil hominid taxa. J. Morphol. 275:661-677, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Journal of morphology.J Morphol.2014 Jun;275(6):661-77. doi: 10.1002/jmor.20246. Epub 2014 Feb 1.
Considerable variation exists in mandibular ramus form among primates, particularly great apes and humans. Recent analyses of adult ramal morphology have suggested that features on the ramus, especially the coronoid process and sigmoid notch, can be treated as phylogenetic characters that can be use
PMID 24488443