内枝
WordNet
- strike or drive against with a heavy impact; "ram the gate with a sledgehammer"; "pound on the door" (同)ram down, pound
- uncastrated adult male sheep; "a British term is `tup" (同)tup
- a tool for driving or forcing something by impact
- work as an intern; "The young doctor is interning at the Medical Center this year"
- an advanced student or graduate in medicine gaining supervised practical experience (`houseman is a British term) (同)interne, houseman, medical intern
- deprive of freedom; "During WW II, Japanese were interned in camps in the West"
- the posterior part of the mandible that is more or less vertical
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (去勢しない)雄羊 / 破城づち(先に鉄のつめのついたさおで,戸・城壁などを破るのに用いた) / くい打ち機 / (…に)…‘を'激しく打ちつける(打ち込む)《+『名』+『against』(『into』)+『名』》 / …‘に'激突する / (…に)…‘を'詰め込む,押し込む《+『名』+『into』(in, down』)+『名』》 / (…に)激突する《+『against』(『into』)+『名』》
- (特に戦時中)〈人・船など〉‘を'強制収容する,抑留する
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/09/21 02:03:30」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Cranial root of accessory nerves |
Brain stem sagittal section (11 visible near bottom center. Note how in this diagram, root derives entirely from spinal portion, and ascends to cranium.)
|
Plan of upper portions of glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves.
|
Details |
Latin |
radix cranialis nervi accessorii, pars vagalis nervi accessorii |
Identifiers |
Gray's |
p.913 |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
r_02/12687822 |
TA |
A14.2.01.185 |
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy |
The cranial root of accessory nerve (or part) is the smaller of the two portions of the accessory nerve. It is generally considered as a part of the vagus nerve and not part of the accessory nerve proper because the cranial component rapidly joins the vagus nerve and serves the same function as other vagal nerve fibers.[1] Recently, the concept of a cranial root of the accessory nerve has been challenged by new neuroanatomical studies which found that an unambiguous cranial root was not present in the majority of the cases.[2][3] However, a small study in 2007[4] followed by a substantially larger study published in 2012[5] both confirmed that the cranial root of the accessory nerve is commonly found in humans, matching traditional descriptions.
Path
The cranial root fibers arise from the cells of the nucleus ambiguus and emerge as four or five delicate rootlets from the side of the medulla oblongata, below the roots of the vagus.
It runs lateralward to the jugular foramen, where it may interchange fibers with the spinal portion or even become united to it for a short distance; here it is also connected by one or two filaments with the jugular ganglion of the vagus.
It then passes through the jugular foramen, separates from the spinal portion and is continued over the surface of the ganglion nodosum of the vagus, to the surface of which it is adherent, and is distributed principally to the pharyngeal and superior laryngeal branches of the vagus. Through the pharyngeal branch it probably supplies the Musculus uvulæ and Levator veli palatini. Some few filaments from it are continued into the trunk of the vagus below the ganglion, to be distributed with the recurrent nerve and probably also with the cardiac nerves.
Relationship to vagus
As the fibers from the presumptive cranial root may not join the accessory nerve at all or at best for a very short distance within the jugular foramen, it appears more useful to consider them in general to be part of the cranial roots of the vagal nerve. The accessory nerve would then be a pure motor nerve supplying the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, with the fibers originating from the spinal segments C1-C5 (the medullary root of the accessory nerve).
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- ^ "Spinal Accessory Nerve". Structure of the Human body, Loyola University Medical Education Network. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
- ^ Anatomical evidence for the absence of a morphologically distinct cranial root of the accessory nerve in man. Lachman N, Acland RD, Rosse C. Clin Anat. 2002 15:4-10.
- ^ Is the cranial accessory nerve really a portion of the accessory nerve? Anatomy of the cranial nerves in the jugular foramen. Ryan S, Blyth P, Duggan N, Wild M, Al-Ali S,Anat Sci Int. 2007, 82:1-7.
- ^ Re-examination of the medullary rootlets of the accessory and vagus nerves. Wiles CC, Wrigley B, Greene JR. Clin Anat. 2007 20:19-22.
- ^ Cranial roots of the accessory nerve exist in the majority of adult humans. Tubbs RS, Benninger B, Loukas M, Cohen-Gadol AA 2012 Clin Anat. doi: 10.1002/ca.22125
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Ultrasound-guided injection of the intrapelvic portion of the obturator internus in a cadaver model.
- Lee SC1, Rha DW, Kim HJ, Yang HM, Lee SH, Koh D.
- Regional anesthesia and pain medicine.Reg Anesth Pain Med.2014 Jul-Aug;39(4):347-50. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000093.
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Musculoskeletal dysfunction of the pelvic floor is common. One of the intrapelvic muscles, the obturator internus (OI), can be substantially stressed during its sharply angulated exit from the pelvis. However, there may be considerable overlap between symptoms and signs ar
- PMID 24781286
- Resection of inferior pubic ramus tumors through a femoribus internus-perineal approach.
- He X1, Hu YC, Yu XC, Yuan BB.
- Orthopaedic surgery.Orthop Surg.2014 Feb;6(1):65-8. doi: 10.1111/os.12082.
- An operative approach to the inferior pubic ramus that was utilized in four patients with various bone tumors in the inferior pubic ramus is described here. These patients were successfully managed though a femoribus internus (inner thigh)-perineal approach. Data concerning preoperative and postoper
- PMID 24590997
- Pelvic osteomyelitis mimicking septic hip arthritis: a case report.
- Takemoto RC1, Strongwater AM.
- Journal of pediatric orthopedics. Part B.J Pediatr Orthop B.2009 Sep;18(5):248-51. doi: 10.1097/BPB.0b013e32832d84a1.
- Peripelvic infections are rare, compared with the incidence of septic hip arthritis, but are serious, requiring emergent treatment. They often are not included in differential diagnoses for patients presenting with fever, pain, inability to bear weight, elevated white blood cell count, and elevated
- PMID 19491707
Japanese Journal
- The Cranial Nerves of <I>Mastacembelus armatus</I> (LACÉPÈDE)
- On the muscles of the thigh in Macacus cyclopsis Part 3. The adductor group of the thigh
Related Links
- Definition of ramus internus trunci nervi accessorii in the Medical Dictionary. ramus internus trunci nervi accessorii explanation. Information about ramus internus trunci nervi accessorii in Free online English dictionary. What is ...
- in·ter·nal branch of su·pe·ri·or la·ryn·ge·al nerve [TA] terminal sensory branch of superior laryngeal nerve (with external branch) conveying sensation from the supraglottic larynx. Synonym(s): ramus internus nervi laryngei superioris [TA]
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- endopodite
- ラ
- ramus internus
[★]
[★]
- 関
- branch