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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
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2-(2-(4-dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine- 11-yl- 1-piperazinyl)ethoxy)ethanol
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| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Seroquel |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a698019 |
| Licence data | US FDA:link |
| Pregnancy category |
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| Legal status |
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| Routes of administration |
Oral |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 100%[1] |
| Protein binding | 83%[2] |
| Metabolism | Hepatic via CYP3A4-catalysed sulfoxidation to its active metabolite norquetiapine (N-desalkylquetiapine)[3] |
| Biological half-life | 7 hours (parent compound); 9–12 hours (active metabolite, norquetiapine)[2][4] |
| Excretion | Renal (73%), faeces (20%)[1][2][4][5] |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Registry Number | 111974-69-7 Y |
| ATC code | N05AH04 |
| PubChem | CID: 5002 |
| IUPHAR/BPS | 50 |
| DrugBank | DB01224 Y |
| ChemSpider | 4827 Y |
| UNII | BGL0JSY5SI Y |
| KEGG | D08456 Y |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:8707 Y |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL716 Y |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C21H25N3O2S |
| Molecular mass | 383.5099 g/mol |
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SMILES
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InChI
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| Physical data | |
| Solubility in water | 3.29 mg/mL (20 °C) |
| Y (what is this?) (verify) | |
Quetiapine (/kwɨˈtaɪ.əpiːn/ kwi-TY-ə-peen) (developed and marketed as Seroquel by AstraZeneca) is an atypical antipsychotic approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and along with an antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder.
Annual sales are approximately $1.3 billion worldwide.[6] Quetiapine was developed by AstraZeneca from 1992 to 1996. It was first approved by the FDA in 1997. There are now several generic versions.[7]
Contents
- 1 Medical uses
- 1.1 Schizophrenia
- 1.2 Bipolar disorder
- 1.3 Major depressive disorder
- 1.4 Alzheimer's disease
- 1.5 Other
- 2 Adverse effects
- 2.1 Discontinuation
- 2.2 Overdosage
- 2.3 Pregnancy and lactation
- 3 Pharmacology
- 4 Synthesis
- 5 Dosage
- 5.1 Sustained-release
- 6 Society and culture
- 6.1 Regulatory status
- 6.2 Lawsuits
- 6.3 Controversy
- 6.4 Nurofen Plus tampering case
- 7 References
- 8 External links
Medical uses
Quetiapine (Seroquel) 25 mg tablets, next to US one-cent coin for comparison.
Seroquel XR 150 mg tablet box
Quetiapine fumarate is primarily used to treat schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.[8]
Schizophrenia
A second Cochrane Review[9] comparing quetiapine to typical antipsychotics concluded that quetiapine
- Has efficacy against positive symptoms that appears no better than typical antipsychotics, but might be more efficacious for negative symptoms.
- Has discontinuation rates similar to those of typical antipsychotics, but fewer of these discontinuations were due to adverse events.
- Produces fewer side effects, particularly movement related side effects.
- Produces suicide attempt, suicide, death, QTc prolongation, low blood pressure, tachycardia, sedation, gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea, menstrual irregularity and white blood cell count at a rate similar to first generation antipsychotics.[10]
There is tentative evidence of the benefit of quetiapine versus placebo in schizophrenia; however, definitive conclusions are not possible due to the high rate of attrition in trials (greater than 50%) and the lack of data on economic outcomes, social functioning, or quality of life.[11]
It is debatable whether, as a class, typical or atypical antipsychotics are more effective.[12] Both have equal drop-out and symptom relapse rates when typicals are used at low to moderate dosages.[13] While quetiapine has lower rates of extrapyramidal side effects, there is greater sleepiness and rates of dry mouth.[11]
A Cochrane Review comparing quetiapine to other atypical antipsychotic agents tentatively concluded that it may be less efficacious than olanzapine and risperidone; produce fewer movement related side effects than paliperidone, aripiprazole, ziprasidone, risperidone and olanzapine; and produce weight gain similar to risperidone, clozapine and aripiprazole.[10]
Bipolar disorder
In those with bipolar disorder, quetiapine is used to treat depressive episodes, acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder (as either monotherapy or adjunct therapy to lithium, valproate or lamotrigine), and maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder (as adjunct therapy to lithium or divalproex).[14][15]
Major depressive disorder
Quetiapine is effective when used by itself[16] and when used along with other medications in major depressive disorder (MDD).[16][17] However, sedation is often an undesirable side effect.[16]
In the US,[4] the UK[18] and Australia (in this indication it isn't covered by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme), quetiapine is licensed for use as an adjunct in the treatment of MDD.[19]
Alzheimer's disease
Quetiapine does not decrease agitation among people with Alzheimer's. Quetiapine worsens intellectual functioning in the elderly with dementia and therefore is not recommended.[20]
Other
The use of low doses of quetiapine for insomnia, while common, is not recommended; there is little evidence of benefit and concerns regarding adverse effects.[21][22]
It is sometimes used off-label, often as an augmentation agent, to treat conditions such as Tourette syndrome,[23] musical hallucinations[24] and anxiety disorders.[25]
Quetiapine and clozapine are the most widely used medications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease psychosis due to their very low extrapyramidal side effect liability. Owing to the risks associated with clozapine (e.g. agranulocytosis, diabetes mellitus, etc.), clinicians often attempt treatment with quetiapine first, although the evidence to support quetiapine's use for this indication is significantly weaker than that of clozapine.[26][27]
Adverse effects
Sources for incidence lists:[1][4][18][19][27][28]
- Very common (>10% incidence) adverse effects
- Dry mouth
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Somnolence (drowsiness; of 15 antipsychotics quetiapine causes the 5th most sedation. Extended release (XR) formulations tend to produce less sedation, dose-by-dose than the immediate release formulations)[29]
- Common (1-10% incidence) adverse effects
- High blood pressure
- Orthostatic hypotension
- High pulse rate
- High blood cholesterol
- Elevated serum triglycerides
- Abdominal pain
- Constipation
- Increased appetite
- Vomiting
- Increased liver enzymes
- Backache
- Asthenia
- Insomnia
- Lethargy
- Tremor
- Agitation
- Nasal congestion
- Pharyngitis
- Fatigue
- Pain
- Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
- Peripheral oedema
- Dysphagia
- Extrapyramidal disease — quetiapine and clozapine are noted for their relative lack of extrapyramidal side effects[18][27][29]
- Weight gain — SMD 0.43 kg when compared to placebo. Produces roughly as much weight gain as risperidone, less weight gain than clozapine, olanzapine and zotepine and more weight gain than ziprasidone, lurasidone, aripiprazole and asenapine.[29] As with many other atypical antipsychotics this action is likely due to its actions at the H1 histamine receptor and 5-HT2C receptor.[3]
- Rare (<1% incidence) adverse effects
- Prolonged QT interval (had an odds ratio for prolonging the QT interval over placebo of 0.17)[29]
- Sudden cardiac death
- Syncope
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Restless legs syndrome
- Hyponatraemia, low blood sodium.
- Jaundice, yellowing of the eyes, skin and mucous membranes due to an impaired ability of the body to clear bilirubin, a by product of haem breakdown.
- Pancreatitis, pancreas swelling.
- Agranulocytosis, a potentially fatal drop in white blood cell count.
- Leukopenia, a drop in white blood cell count, not as severe as agranulocytosis.
- Neutropenia, a drop in neutrophils, the cell of the immune cells that defends the body against bacterial infections.
- Eosinophilia
- Anaphylaxis, a potentially fatal allergic reaction.
- Seizure
- Hypothyroidism, underactive thyroid gland.
- Myocarditis, swelling of the myocardium.
- Cardiomyopathy
- Hepatitis, swelling of the liver.
- Suicidal ideation
- Priapism. A prolonged and painful erection.
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome. A potentially fatal skin reaction.
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome a rare and potentially fatal complication of antipsychotic drug treatment. It is characterised by the following symptoms: tremor, rigidity, hyperthermia, tachycardia, mental status changes (e.g. confusion), etc.
- Tardive Dyskinesia. A rare and often irreversible neurological condition characterised by involuntary movements of the face, tongue, lips and rest of the body. Most commonly occurs after prolonged treatment with antipsychotics. It is believed to be particularly uncommon with atypical antipsychotics, especially quetiapine and clozapine[19][30]
Both typical and atypical antipsychotics can cause tardive dyskinesia.[31] According to one study, rates are lower with the atypicals at 3.9% as opposed to the typicals at 5.5%.[31] Although Quetiapine and Clozapine are atypical antipsychotics, switching to these atypicals is an option to minimize symptoms of tardive dyskinesia caused by other atypicals.[32]
Weight gain can be a problem for some, with quetiapine causing more weight gain than fluphenazine, haloperidol, loxapine, molindone, olanzapine, pimozide, risperidone, thioridazine, thiothixene, trifluoperazine, and ziprasidone, but less than chlorpromazine, clozapine, perphenazine, and sertindole.[33]
Studies conducted on beagles have resulted in the formation of cataracts. While there are reports of cataracts occurring in humans, controlled studies including thousands of patients have not demonstrated a clear causal association between quetiapine therapy and this side-effect.[citation needed] However, the Seroquel website[34] still recommends users have eye examinations every six months.
As with some other anti-psychotics, quetiapine may lower the seizure threshold,[35] and should be taken with caution in combination with drugs such as bupropion.
Discontinuation
Quetiapine should be discontinued gradually, with careful consideration from the prescribing doctor, to avoid withdrawal symptoms or relapse.
The British National Formulary recommends a gradual withdrawal when discontinuing anti-psychotic treatment to avoid acute withdrawal syndrome or rapid relapse.[36] Due to compensatory changes at dopamine, serotonin, adrenergic and histamine receptor sites in the central nervous system, withdrawal symptoms can occur during abrupt or over-rapid reduction in dosage. However, despite increasing demand for safe and effective antipsychotic withdrawal protocols or dose-reduction schedules, no specific guidelines with proven safety and efficacy are currently available.
Withdrawal symptoms reported to occur after discontinuation of antipsychotics include nausea, emesis, lightheadedness, diaphoresis, dyskinesia, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, insomnia, nervousness, dizziness, headache, excessive non-stop crying, and anxiety.[37][38] Some have argued that additional somatic and psychiatric symptoms associated with dopaminergic super-sensitivity, including dyskinesia and acute psychosis, are common features of withdrawal in individuals treated with neuroleptics.[39][40]
Overdosage
Most instances of acute overdosage result only in sedation, hypotension and tachycardia, but cardiac arrhythmia, coma and death have occurred in adults. Serum or plasma quetiapine concentrations are usually in the 1–10 mg/L range in overdose survivors, while postmortem blood levels of 10–25 mg/L are generally observed in fatal cases.[41] Non-toxic levels in postmortem blood extend to around 0.8 mg/kg, but toxic levels in postmortem blood can begin at 0.35 mg/kg.[42]
Pregnancy and lactation
Placental exposure is least for quetiapine compared to other atypical antipsychotics.[27] The evidence is insufficient to rule out any risk to the foetus but available data suggests it is unlikely to result in any major foetal malformations.[2][5][28] It is secreted in breast milk and hence quetiapine-treated mothers are advised not to breastfeed.[2][5][28]
Pharmacology
| Receptor | Quetiapine (Cloned human receptors) | Norquetiapine (Cloned human receptors) |
|---|---|---|
| D1 | 994.5 | 99.8 (Rat receptor) |
| D2 | 379 | 196 |
| D3 | 340 | - |
| D4 | 2019 | - |
| 5-HT1A | 394.2 | 45 |
| 5-HT2A | 118 | 48 |
| 5-HT2C | 1843 | 107 |
| 5-HT6 | 948.75 | - |
| 5-HT7 | 307 | 76 |
| α1A | 22 | 144 |
| α1B | 14.6 | 46.4 (Rat receptor) |
| α2A | 3630 | 237 |
| α2C | 28.85 | - |
| H1 | 6.9 | 3.5 |
| H2 | 41.24 | - |
| M1 | 489 | 38.3 (Rat receptor) |
| M3 | 1631.5 | - |
| NET | >10000 | 12 |
Quetiapine has the following pharmacological actions:[47][48][49][50]
- D1 (IC50 = 1268nM), D2 (IC50 = 329nM), D3, and D4 receptor antagonist
- 5-HT1A (IC50 = 717nM) partial agonist, 5-HT2A (IC50 = 148nM), 5-HT2C, and 5-HT7 receptor antagonist
- α1-adrenergic (IC50 = 94nM) and α2-adrenergic receptor (IC50 = 271nM) antagonist
- H1 receptor (IC50 = 30nM) antagonist
- mACh receptor (IC50 = >5000nM) antagonist
This means Quetiapine is a dopamine, serotonin, and adrenergic antagonist, and a potent antihistamine with clinically negligible anticholinergic properties.[dubious – discuss] Quetiapine binds strongly to serotonin receptors; the drug acts as partial agonist at 5-HT1A receptors.[51] Serial PET scans evaluating the D2 receptor occupancy of quetiapine have demonstrated that quetiapine very rapidly disassociates from the D2 receptor.[52] Theoretically, this allows for normal physiological surges of dopamine to elicit normal effects in areas such as the nigrostriatal and tuberoinfundibular pathways, thus minimizing the risk of side-effects such as pseudo-parkinsonism as well as elevations in prolactin.[53] Some of the antagonized receptors (serotonin, norepinephrine) are actually autoreceptors whose blockade tends to increase the release of neurotransmitters.
Norquetiapine's 2D molecular structure
Norquetiapine's 3D molecular structure in ball and stick format
Synthesis
The synthesis of quetiapine begins with a dibenzothiazepinone. The lactam is first treated with phosphoryl chloride to produce a dibenzothiazepine. A nucleophilic substitution is used to introduce the sidechain.[54]
Dosage
At very low doses, quetiapine acts primarily as a histamine receptor blocker (antihistamine) and α1-adrenergic blocker. When the dose is increased, quetiapine activates the adrenergic system and binds strongly to serotonin receptors and autoreceptors. At high doses, quetiapine starts blocking significant amounts of dopamine receptors.[55][56] Use of low-dose quetiapine is not recommended except temporarily during drug titration period (less than 30 days).[57]
Due to compensatory changes at dopamine, serotonin, adrenergic and histamine receptor sites in the central nervous system, a gradual reduction in dosage is recommended to minimise or avoid withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms reported to occur after discontinuation of quetiapine include insomnia, nausea, emesis, lightheadedness, diaphoresis, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, as well as nervousness, dizziness, headache, and anxiety. The present evidence suggests that these symptoms affect a small number of susceptible individuals treated with quetiapine.[37]
The British National Formulary recommends a gradual withdrawal when discontinuing antipsychotic treatment to avoid acute withdrawal syndrome or rapid relapse.[36]
Sustained-release
AstraZeneca submitted a new drug application for a sustained-release version of quetiapine in the United States, Canada, and the European Union in the second half of 2006 for treatment of schizophrenia.[58][59] AstraZeneca will retain the exclusive right to market sustained-release quetiapine until 2017. The sustained-release quetiapine is marketed mainly as Seroquel XR. Other marketing names are Seroquel Prolong, Seroquel Depot and Seroquel XL
On May 18, 2007, AstraZeneca announced that the U.S. FDA approved Seroquel XR for acute treatment of schizophrenia.[60] During its 2007 Q2 earnings conference, AstraZeneca announced plans to launch Seroquel XR in the U.S. during August 2007.[61] However, Seroquel XR has become available in U.S. pharmacies only after the FDA approved Seroquel XR for use as maintenance treatment for schizophrenia, in addition to acute treatment of the illness, on November 16, 2007.[62] The company has not provided a reason for the delay of Seroquel XR's launch.
Health Canada approved sale of Seroquel XR on September 27, 2007.[63]
The FDA approved Seroquel XR for the treatment of bipolar depression and bipolar mania in early October 2008. According to AstraZeneca, Seroquel XR is "the first medication approved by the FDA for the once-daily acute treatment of both depressive and manic episodes associated with bipolar."
On July 31, 2008, Handa Pharmaceuticals, based in Fremont, California, announced that its abbreviated new drug application (“ANDA”) for quetiapine fumarate extended-release tablets, the generic version of AstraZeneca’s SEROQUEL XR, has been accepted by the FDA.
On December 1, 2008, Biovail announced that the FDA had accepted the company's ANDA to market its own version of sustained-release quetiapine.[64] Biovail's sustained-release tablets will compete with AstraZeneca's Seroquel XR.
On December 24, 2008, AstraZeneca notified shareholders that the FDA had asked for additional information on the company's application to expand the use of sustained-release quetiapine for treatment of depression.[65]
Society and culture
Regulatory status
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved quetiapine for the treatment of schizophrenia and of acute manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder (bipolar mania) and for treatment of bipolar depression.[66] In 2009, quetiapine XR was approved as adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder.[67]
Quetiapine received its initial indication from U.S. FDA for treatment of schizophrenia in 1997.[68] In 2004, it received its second indication for the treatment of mania-associated bipolar disorder.[69] In 2007 and 2008, studies were conducted on quetiapine’s efficacy in treating generalized anxiety disorder and major depression.
Lawsuits
In April 2010, AstraZeneca settled a longstanding U. S. Department of Justice investigation into its aggressive marketing of Seroquel for such off-label uses with a $520-million fine.[66] According to the Department of Justice, "the company recruited doctors to serve as authors of articles that were ghostwritten by medical literature companies and about studies the doctors in question did not conduct. AstraZeneca then used those studies and articles as the basis for promotional messages about unapproved uses of Seroquel."[66]
Multiple lawsuits have been filed in relation to quetiapine's side-effects, in particular, diabetes.[70][71][72][73]
Approximately 10,000[74] lawsuits[75] have been filed against AstraZeneca alleging that quetiapine caused problems ranging from slurred speech and chronic insomnia to deaths.
Controversy
In 2004, a young man named Dan Markingson committed suicide in a controversial Seroquel clinical trial at the University of Minnesota while under an involuntary commitment order.[76] A group of University of Minnesota bioethicists charged that the trial involved an alarming number of ethical violations.[77]
Nurofen Plus tampering case
In August 2011, the UK's Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) issued a class-4 drug alert following reports that some batches of Nurofen plus contained Seroquel XL instead.[78]
Following the issue of the Class-4 Drug Alert, Reckitt Benckiser (UK) Ltd received further reports of rogue blister strips in cartons of two additional batches of Nurofen Plus tablets. One of the new batches contained Seroquel XL 50 mg tablets and one contained the Pfizer product Neurontin 100 mg capsules.
Following discussions with the MHRA's Defective Medicines Report Centre (DMRC), Reckitt Benckiser (UK) Ltd decided to recall all remaining unexpired stock of Nurofen Plus tablets in any pack size, leading to a Class-1 Drug Alert.[79] The contamination was later traced to in-store tampering by a customer.[80]
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- ^ Jensen NH, Rodriguiz RM, Caron MG, Wetsel WC, Rothman RB, Roth BL. N-Desalkylquetiapine, a Potent Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor and Partial 5-HT1A Agonist, as a Putative Mediator of Quetiapine’s Antidepressant Activity. Neuropsychopharmacology [Internet]. 2007 Dec 5 [cited 2013 Sep 18];33(10):2303–12. Available from: http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v33/n10/full/1301646a.html
- ^ López-Muñoz F, Álamo C. Active metabolites as antidepressant drugs: the role of norquetiapine in the mechanism of action of quetiapine in the treatment of mood disorders. Front Psychiatry [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2013 Sep 19];4:102. Available from: http://www.frontiersin.org/Neuropharmacology/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00102/abstract
- ^ AstraZeneca. "Seroquel (quietapine fumarate) tablets" (PDF). 276521.
- ^ Richelson E, Souder T (November 2000). "Binding of antipsychotic drugs to human brain receptors focus on newer generation compounds". Life Sciences 68 (1): 29–39. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00911-5. PMID 11132243.
- ^ Davis, Kenneth L; Neuropsychopharmacology, American College of (2002). Neuropsychopharmacology: the fifth ... - Google Books. ISBN 978-0-7817-2837-9.
- ^ "Seroquel Official FDA information, side effects and uses". Drugs.com. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
- ^ Guzman, F. "Mechanism of action of quetiapine". Psychopharmacology Institute. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
- ^ Kapur S, Seeman P; Seeman, P (2001). "Does fast dissociation from the dopamine d(2) receptor explain the action of atypical antipsychotics?:a new hypothesis". American Journal of Psychiatry 158 (3): 360–369. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.3.360. PMID 11229973.
- ^ Seeman P (2002). "Atypical antipsychotics: mechanism of action". Can J Psychiatry 47 (1): 27–38. PMID 11873706.
- ^ Warawa, E. J.; Migler, B. M.; 1988, U.S. Patent 4,879,288.
- ^ Richelson E, Souder T (November 2000). "Binding of antipsychotic drugs to human brain receptors focus on newer generation compounds". Life Sciences 68 (1): 29–39. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00911-5. PMID 11132243.
- ^ Gefvert O, Lundberg T, Wieselgren IM, Bergström M, Långström B, Wiesel F, Lindström L (April 2001). "D2 and 5HT2A receptor occupancy of different doses of quetiapine in schizophrenia: a PET study". European Neuropsychopharmacology 11 (2): 105–110. doi:10.1016/S0924-977X(00)00133-4. PMID 11313155.
- ^ "Drug Use Evaluation: Low Dose Quetiapine (Seroquel/Seroquel XR)" (PDF). http://pharmacy.oregonstate.edu/drug-policy/ohp-drug-list/drug-usepolicy-evaluations. Oregon State. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
- ^ "AstraZeneca Submits an NDA For Sustained Release Formulation Seroquel XR. For the treatment of schizophrenia." (Press release). AstraZeneca. 2006-07-18. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
- ^ "AstraZeneca Submits EU and Canadian Regulatory Filings for Sustained Release Formulation SEROQUEL XR for the Treatment of Schizophrenia" (Press release). AstraZeneca. 2006-10-19. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
- ^ "FDA Approves AstraZeneca’s Once-Daily SEROQUEL XR Extended-Release Tablets For The Treatment Of Schizophrenia" (Press release). AstraZeneca. 2007-05-18. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Second Quarter and Half Year Results 2007" (Press release). AstraZeneca. 2007-07-26. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Seroquel XR Receives Approval from FDA for Maintenance Treatment of Schizophrenia" (Press release). AstraZeneca. 2007-11-16. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
- ^ Notice of Compliance Information - Seroquel XR September 27, 2007, retrieved December 3, 2007
- ^ "Biovail Announces Filing of ANDA for Quetiapine XR Tablets" (Press release). Biovail. 2008-12-01.
- ^ "AstraZeneca Receives FDA Complete Response Letter on Seroquel XR for Major Depressive Disorder" (Press release). AstraZeneca. 2008-12-24. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
- ^ a b c "Pharmaceutical Giant AstraZeneca to Pay $520 Million for Off-label Drug Marketing". Justice news, US Department of Justice. Retrieved 2012-07-16.
- ^ Guzman, F. "Quetiapine Indications: FDA-Approved and Off-label Uses". Psychopharmacology Institute. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
- ^ "QUETIAPINE FUMARATE". Electronic Orange Book. Food and Drug Administration. April 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-24.
- ^ "AstraZeneca Receives FDA Approval for SEROQUEL in Bipolar Mania" (Press release). AstraZeneca. 2004-01-13.
- ^ Ann Knef (2007-08-02). "Seroquel suit claims 'so much' is poured into marketing and away from research". The Madison / St. Clair Record.
- ^ Phil Milford (2009-03-11). "AstraZeneca May Link Seroquel, Diabetes, Doctor Says". Bloomberg.com (Bloomberg L.P.).
- ^ "AstraZeneca wins bellwether Seroquel case". FiercePharma. 2010-03-19. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
- ^ "AstraZeneca pays out million dollar damages". The Local. 2010-08-09.
- ^ "Questions loom over drug for sleepless vets - Marine Corps News | News from Afghanistan & Iraq". Marine Corps Times. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
- ^ DUFF WILSON Published: July 18, 2011 (2011-07-19). "Heart Warning Added to Label on Popular Antipsychotic Drug". NyTimes. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
- ^ Elliott, Carl (September–October 2010). "The Deadly Corruption of Clinical Trials". Mother Jones. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
- ^ Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer (December 7, 2010). "Minnesota bioethicists critique their university". Science. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
- ^ "Press releases". MHRA. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
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- ^ "BBC News - Nurofen Plus tampering: Christopher McGuire jailed". Bbc.co.uk. 2012-05-28. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
External links
- "Quetiapine". MedlinePlus. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 2008-09-01.
- NAMI summary
- Internet Drug List summary
- Compound #1802: Quetiapine ChemBank
- U.S. National Library of Medicine: Drug Information Portal - Quetiapine
- Seroquel Adverse Events Reported to the FDA
- Australian Public Assessment Report for Quetiapine (as fumarate)
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UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 第2世代抗精神病剤：薬理学、投与、および副作用の比較 second generation antipsychotic medications pharmacology administration and comparative side effects
- 2. 成人における双極性障害：第2世代抗精神病薬による大うつ病の治療 bipolar disorder in adults treating major depression with second generation antipsychotics
- 3. 成人における単極性うつ病：第2世代抗精神病薬による治療 unipolar depression in adults treatment with second generation antipsychotics
- 4. Bipolar disorder in adults: Choosing maintenance treatment
- 5. 高齢者の双極性障害：急性治療 geriatric bipolar disorder acute treatment
English Journal
- Beyond the therapeutic shackles of the monoamines: New mechanisms in bipolar disorder biology.
- Data-Franco J1, Singh A2, Popovic D3, Ashton M4, Berk M5, Vieta E6, Figueira ML7, Dean OM8.
- Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry.Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry.2017 Jan 4;72:73-86. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.09.004. Epub 2016 Sep 9.
- Multiple novel biological mechanisms putatively involved in the etiology of bipolar disorders are being explored. These include oxidative stress, altered glutamatergic neurotransmission, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, cell signaling, apoptosis and impaired neurogenesis. Important clinical
- PMID 27616052
- A dual strategy to improve psychotic patients' compliance using sustained release quetiapine oral disintegrating tablets.
- Refaat A, Sokar M, Ismail F, Boraei N.
- Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia).Acta Pharm.2016 Dec 1;66(4):515-532. doi: 10.1515/acph-2016-0041.
- Quetiapine (QT) is a short acting atypical antipsychotic drug effective in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. This study aims at designing a novel dosage form of sustained release taste-masked QT orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) based on solid lipid micro-pellets (SLMPs). QT SLMPs were prepared
- PMID 27749256
- Neuroleptics in the management of delirium in patients with advanced cancer.
- Hui D1, Dev R, Bruera E.
- Current opinion in supportive and palliative care.Curr Opin Support Palliat Care.2016 Dec;10(4):316-323.
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Delirium is the most common and distressing neuropsychiatric syndrome in cancer patients. Few evidence-based treatment options are available due to the paucity of high quality of studies. In this review, we shall examine the literature on the use of neuroleptics to treat delirium
- PMID 27661210
Japanese Journal
- 私のカルテから Quetiapineへの切り替え後に社会機能の改善がみられた慢性期統合失調症の2例 : 精神障害者社会生活評価尺度(Life Assessment Scale for the Mentally Ill : LASMI)を用いて
- 河邉 憲太郎,栗林 達也,福原 竜治 [他]
- 精神医学 54(8), 847-852, 2012-08
- NAID 40019370160
- 統合失調症の多飲症に対してquetiapineが奏効した2症例
- 長友 慶子,武田 龍一郎,牧田 昌平 [他]
- 精神医学 54(5), 483-489, 2012-05
- NAID 40019252301
Related Links
- （表）セロクエル、100mg、（裏）セロクエル100mg、100SEROQUEL、クエチアピン（Quetiapine）、100mg この薬の作用と効果について 脳内の各種受容体（ドパミン、セロトニン）に作用し、強い不安感や緊張感、意欲の低下などの ...
- Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic used in the management of schizophrenia, bipolar I mania, bipolar II depression, bipolar I depression. Seroquel (Quetiapine) is an antipsychotic medication. Buy Seroquel (Quetiapine) online.
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「クエチアピン」 |
| 拡張検索 | 「quetiapine fumarate」 |
「クエチアピン」
- 英
- quetiapine
- 商
- セロクエル Seroquel
概念
- ドパミンD2受容体阻害薬、セロトニン5-HT2A受容体阻害薬＋その他の受容体阻害薬
- 統合失調症の陰性症状にも作用がある
構造
作用機序
- セロクエル25mg錠／セロクエル100mg錠／セロクエル200mg錠／セロクエル細粒50%
- 本薬の薬理学的特徴はドパミンD2受容体に比してセロトニン5HT2受容体に対する親和性が高いこと、及び種々の受容体に対して親和性があることであり、これらが臨床における作用に寄与しているものと考えられている。
薬理作用
- セロクエル25mg錠／セロクエル100mg錠／セロクエル200mg錠／セロクエル細粒50%
- (1) 受容体親和性
- ラット脳組織を用いたin vitro試験で、ドパミンD1及びD2受容体、セロトニン5HT1及び5HT2受容体、ヒスタミンH1受容体、アドレナリンα1及びα2受容体に対して親和性を示したが、ムスカリン受容体及びベンゾジアゼピン受容体に対してはほとんど親和性を示さなかった。また、ドパミンD2受容体に比して、セロトニン5HT2受容体に対する親和性は高かった13)。
- (2) ドパミン及びセロトニン受容体拮抗作用
- ドパミン作動薬のアポモルヒネにより誘発した行動（リスザルの瞬目反応、マウスのよじ登り運動及び遊泳障害）13)並びにセロトニン作動薬のキパジンで誘発した行動（ラット首振り運動）14)を、用量依存的に抑制した。
- (3) 錐体外路系に対する作用
- サルにおけるジストニア惹起作用及びラットにおけるカタレプシー惹起作用は、ハロペリドールに比べて弱かった。ラットでの電気生理学的試験では辺縁系に対し選択的な作用を示し、錐体外路症状との関連が深いとされる黒質線条体系に対しては作用を示さなかった13)。
また、統合失調症患者を対象とした海外のプラセボ対照二重盲検比較試験において、錐体外路障害の発現頻度には、プラセボ投与群との間に有意な差を認めなかった。
- (4) 血漿中プロラクチンに対する作用
- ラットにおいて、血漿中プロラクチン濃度推移はハロペリドールと異なり、持続的な上昇を示さなかった13)。また、統合失調症患者を対象とした海外のプラセボ対照二重盲検比較試験において、プロラクチン濃度には、プラセボ投与群との間に有意な差を認めなかった。
動態
適応
注意
警告
- セロクエル25mg錠／セロクエル100mg錠／セロクエル200mg錠／セロクエル細粒50%
- 1. 著しい血糖値の上昇から、糖尿病性ケトアシドーシス、糖尿病性昏睡等の重大な副作用が発現し、死亡に至る場合があるので、本剤投与中は、血糖値の測定等の観察を十分に行うこと。
- 2. 投与にあたっては、あらかじめ上記副作用が発現する場合があることを、患者及びその家族に十分に説明し、口渇、多飲、多尿、頻尿等の異常に注意し、このような症状があらわれた場合には、直ちに投与を中断し、医師の診察を受けるよう、指導すること。（「重要な基本的注意」の項参照）
禁忌
- セロクエル25mg錠／セロクエル100mg錠／セロクエル200mg錠／セロクエル細粒50%
- 1. 昏睡状態の患者［昏睡状態を悪化させるおそれがある。］
- 2. バルビツール酸誘導体等の中枢神経抑制剤の強い影響下にある患者［中枢神経抑制作用が増強される。］
- 3. アドレナリンを投与中の患者（「相互作用」の項参照）
- 4. 本剤の成分に対し過敏症の既往歴のある患者
- 5. 糖尿病の患者、糖尿病の既往歴のある患者 ← 副作用として高血糖があるため。
副作用
- 高血糖(1-5%)、糖尿病性ケトアシドーシス、糖尿病性昏睡
相互作用
参考
- セロクエル25mg錠／セロクエル100mg錠／セロクエル200mg錠／セロクエル細粒50%