RNA前駆体
- 関
- mRNA precursor、pre-tRNA、RNA precursor、tRNA precursor
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/25 14:11:52」(JST)
[Wiki ja表示]
mRNA前駆体（えむあーるえぬえいぜんくたい）は、スプライシングなどのさまざまな加工を受けて成熟した mRNA になる前の RNA 分子。
一般に真核生物では、タンパク質をコードする遺伝子の多くがイントロンを持つ。これらの遺伝子は細胞核内でRNAに転写され一次転写産物となる。これはヘテロ核 RNA (hnRNA) とも呼ばれる。その後5' 末端へメチル化されたグアノシンが付加する5'キャップ、RNAスプライシングによるイントロンの除去、3' 末端に多数が数珠状に連なったアデニル酸が付加するポリA尾部といった装飾を経て、成熟mRNAとなる。このようにして出来た mRNA は核外に輸送され翻訳される。
一方で酵母や植物のミトコンドリア、葉緑体のゲノムにも、タンパク質をコードする遺伝子に自己スプライシングイントロンを持つ物があり、これらの一次転写産物も mRNA 前駆体の一種である。
DNA
EEEEEEEEEEEiiiiiiiiiiiiEEEEEEEEEEEEE
EEEEEEEEEEEiiiiiiiiiiiiEEEEEEEEEEEEE
転写 ↓
mRNA前駆体
EEEEEEEEEEEiiiiiiiiiiiiEEEEEEEEEEEEE
プロセシング ↓
mRNA
CEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEAAAAAAAAA
核外への輸送・翻訳 ↓
タンパク質
XXXXXXXXXX
E:エクソン i:イントロン C:キャップ構造 AAAAA: ポリA尾部 X:アミノ酸
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核酸 |
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| 構成要素 |
核酸塩基 · ヌクレオシド · ヌクレオチド
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| リボ核酸 |
mRNA (pre-mRNA/hnRNA) · tRNA · rRNA · aRNA · gRNA · miRNA · ncRNA · piRNA · shRNA · siRNA · snRNA · snoRNA · stRNA · ta-siRNA · tmRNA
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| デオキシリボ核酸 |
cDNA · cpDNA · gDNA · msDNA · mtDNA
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| 核酸アナログ |
GNA · LNA/BNA · PNA · TNA · モルホリノ
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| クローニングベクター |
ファージミド · プラスミド · ラムダファージ · コスミド · P1ファージ · フォスミド · BAC · YAC · HAC
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| 主要な生体物質：炭水化物（アルコール、糖タンパク質、配糖体） · 脂質（エイコサノイド · 脂肪酸/脂肪酸の代謝中間体 · リン脂質 · スフィンゴ脂質 · ステロイド） · 核酸（核酸塩基 · ヌクレオチド代謝中間体） · タンパク質（タンパク質を構成するアミノ酸/アミノ酸の代謝中間体） · テトラピロール · ヘムの代謝中間体 |
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この項目は、生物学に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（プロジェクト:生命科学／Portal:生物学）。 |
[Wiki en表示]
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2007) |
See main article Primary transcript for more details
Precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) is an immature single strand of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Pre-mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template in the cell nucleus by transcription. Pre-mRNA comprises the bulk of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). The term hnRNA is often used as a synonym for pre-mRNA, although, in the strict sense, hnRNA may include nuclear RNA transcripts that do not end up as cytoplasmic mRNA.
Once pre-mRNA has been completely processed, it is termed "mature messenger RNA", "mature mRNA", or simply "mRNA".
Processing
Eukaryotic pre-mRNA exists only briefly before it is fully processed into mRNA. Pre-mRNAs include two different types of segments, exons and introns. Exons are segments that are retained in the final mRNA, whereas introns are removed in a process called splicing, which is performed by the spliceosome (except for self-splicing introns).
Additional processing steps attach modifications to the 5' and 3' ends of Eukaryotic pre-mRNA. These include a 5' cap of 7-methylguanosine and a poly-A tail. In addition, eukaryotic pre-mRNAs have their introns spliced out by spliceosomes made up of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.[1][2]
When a pre-mRNA strand has been properly processed to an mRNA sequence, it is exported out of the nucleus and eventually translated into a protein – a process accomplished in conjunction with ribosomes.
References
- ^ Weaver, Robert F. (2005). Molecular Biology, p.432-448. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. ISBN 0-07-284611-9.
- ^ Wahl, M. C.; Will, C. L.; Lührmann, R. (2009). "The Spliceosome: Design Principles of a Dynamic RNP Machine". Cell 136 (4): 701–718. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.009. PMID 19239890.
External links
- Scienceden.com RNA Article
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Post-transcriptional modification
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| Nuclear |
- Precursor mRNA
- 5′ cap formation
- Polyadenylation
- CPSF
- CstF
- PAP
- PAB2
- CFI
- CFII
- Poly(A)-binding protein
- RNA editing
- Polyuridylation
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| RNA splicing |
- Intron / Exon
- snRNP
- Spliceosome
- Alternative splicing
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| pre-mRNA factors |
- PLRG1
- PRPF3
- PRPF4
- PRPF4B
- PRPF6
- PRPF8
- PRPF18
- PRPF19
- PRPF31
- PRPF38A
- PRPF38B
- PRPF39
- PRPF40A
- PRPF40B
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| Cytosolic |
- 5′ cap methylation
- mRNA decapping
- DCP1A
- DCP1B
- DCP2
- DCPS
- EDC3
- EDC4
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Index of genetics
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| Description |
- Gene expression
- DNA
- replication
- cycle
- recombination
- repair
- binding proteins
- Transcription
- factors
- regulators
- nucleic acids
- RNA
- RNA binding proteins
- ribonucleoproteins
- repeated sequence
- modification
- Translation
- ribosome
- modification
- nexins
- Proteins
- domains
- Structure
- primary
- secondary
- tertiary
- quaternary
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| Disease |
- Replication and repair
- Transcription factor
- Transcription
- Translation
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Types of nucleic acids
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| Constituents |
- Nucleobases
- Nucleosides
- Nucleotides
- Deoxynucleotides
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Ribonucleic acids
(coding / non-coding) |
| Translational |
- Messenger
- precursor / heterogenous nuclear
- Transfer
- Ribosomal
- Transfer-messenger
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| Regulatory |
- Interferential
- micro
- small interfering
- piwi-interacting
- Antisense
- Processual
- small nuclear
- small nucleolar
- Small Cajal Body RNAs
- Y RNA
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| others |
- Guide
- Ribozyme
- Small hairpin
- Small temporal
- Trans-acting small interfering
- Subgenomic messenger
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| Deoxyribonucleic acids |
- Complementary
- Chloroplast
- Deoxyribozyme
- Genomic
- Multicopy single-stranded
- Mitochondrial
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| Analogues |
- Xeno
- Locked
- Peptide
- Morpholino
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| Cloning vectors |
- Phagemid
- Plasmid
- Lambda phage
- Cosmid
- Fosmid
- Artificial chromosomes
- P1-derived
- bacterial
- yeast
- human
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Index of biochemical families
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| Carbohydrates |
- Alcohols
- Glycoproteins
- Glycosides
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| Lipids |
- Eicosanoids
- Fatty acids
- Glycerides
- Phospholipids
- Sphingolipids
- Steroids
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| Nucleic acids |
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| Proteins |
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| Other |
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapy for Inherited Retinal Dystrophies.
- Gerard X1, Garanto A2, Rozet JM3, Collin RW4.
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2016;854:517-24. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_69.
- Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are an extremely heterogeneous group of genetic diseases for which currently no effective treatment strategies exist. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made utilizing gene augmentation therapy for a few genetic subtypes of IRD, although several
- PMID 26427454
- Interferon-inducible Protein 6-16 (IFI-6-16, ISG16) promotes Hepatitis C virus replication in vitro.
- Chen S1, Li S1, Chen L1,2.
- Journal of medical virology.J Med Virol.2016 Jan;88(1):109-14. doi: 10.1002/jmv.24302.
- Interferon-inducible protein 6-16 (IFI-6-16, ISG16) is one of the interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) whose expression levels can be induced by type I interferons. Previous studies from our group indicated that higher expression levels of ISG16 were detected in the pre-treatment liver tissues of pati
- PMID 26105982
- Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis of MicroRNAs and Their Precursors Regulated by TGF-β Signaling.
- Kang H1,2, Hata A3.
- Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2016;1344:313-23. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2966-5_20.
- The signaling pathway of TGF-β and its family member BMP has been implicated in vascular development and maintenance of homeostasis by modulating expression of small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs repress target genes, which play a critical role in regulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC
- PMID 26520134
Japanese Journal
- INTRON AND RNA SPLICING IN ARCHAEA(SPECIAL ISSUE)
- Watanabe Yoh-ichi,Yoshinari Shigeo
- Viva origino 41(1-4), 12-13, 2014-05-15
- … In Archaea, almost all introns in pre-tRNA, pre-rRNA, and pre-mRNA are spliced through two common steps by protein enzymes: cleavage of the precursor with splicing endonuclease, and ligation of the exons with RNA ligase. … We found the first examples of archaeal pre-mRNA splicing and cleavage of the pre-mRNA with a novel subclass of archaeal splicing endonuclease. …
- NAID 110009817128
- A split luciferase-based reporter for detection of a cellular macromolecular complex
- Maita Hiroshi,Tomita Kenji,Ariga Hiroyoshi
- Analytical Biochemistry 452, 1-9, 2014-05-01
- … The spliceosome is a highly dynamic macromolecular ribonucleoprotein (RNP) machine that catalyzes pre-mRNA splicing by assembling Ul, U2, U4, U5, and U6 small nuclear RNPs (snRNPs). … We constructed an expression library of a luciferase fragment fused to core components of U5 snRNP and used it to isolate pre-mRNA processing factor 6 (PRPF6) and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 40 kDa (U5-40K) that specifically reconstitute luciferase activity in the U5 snRNP complex. …
- NAID 120005460254
- 神経活動依存的な選択的スプライシング機構とその役割
Related Links
- The pre-mRNA is the initial form of mRNA in eukaryotes. It is formed by transcribing the genetic information from DNA molecule. Before it is moved into the cytoplasm for translation at the ribosomal site, the pre-mRNA undergoes. ...
- The first (primary) transcript from a protein coding gene is often called a pre-mRNA and contains both introns and exons. Pre-mRNA requires splicing (removal) of introns to produce the final mRNA molecule ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 関
- mRNA precursor、pre-mRNA、RNA precursor、tRNA precursor
[★]
- 関
- mRNA precursor、pre-mRNA、pre-tRNA、tRNA precursor
[★]
- 関
- pre-mRNA、pre-tRNA、RNA precursor、tRNA precursor
[★]
- 関
- mRNA precursor、pre-mRNA、pre-tRNA、RNA precursor
[★]
- 英
- pre-mRNA、RNA precursor
- 関
- mRNA前駆体、tRNA前駆体
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[★]
[★]
メッセンジャーRNA、messenger RNA
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- 10の-12乗
- 関
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