関: monobasic potassium phosphate

WordNet

a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite (同)K, atomic number 19

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ポタシウム,カリウム(金属元素;化学記号はK)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/17 21:10:40」(JST)

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Monopotassium phosphate, MKP, (also potassium dihydrogen phosphate, KDP, or monobasic potassium phosphate), KH₂PO₄, is a soluble salt of potassium and the dihydrogen phosphate ion which is used as a fertilizer, a food additive and a fungicide. It is a source of phosphorus and potassium. It is also a buffering agent. When used in fertilizer mixtures with urea and ammonium phosphates, it minimizes escape of ammonia by keeping the pH at a relatively low level.

Single crystals are paraelectric at room temperature. At temperatures below −150 °C (−238 °F) they become ferroelectric.

Structure

Monopotassium phosphate can exist in several polymorphs. At room temperature it forms paraelectric crystals with tetragonal symmetry. Upon cooling to −150 °C it transforms to a ferroelectric phase of orthorhombic symmetry, and the transition temperature shifts up to −50 °C to when hydrogen is replaced by deuterium.^[2] Heating to 190 °C changes its structure to monoclinic.^[3] When heated further, MKP decomposes, by loss of water, to potassium metaphosphate, KPO₃, at 400 °C (752 °F).

Symmetry	Space group	No	Pearson symbol	a (nm)	b (nm)	c (nm)	Z	density, g/cm³	T (°C)
Orthorhombic^[2]	Fdd2	43	oF48	1.0467	1.0533	0.6926	8	2.37	< −150
Tetragonal^[1]	I42d	122	tI24	0.744	0.744	0.697	4	2.34	−150 to 190
Monoclinic^[3]	P2₁/c	14	mP48	0.733	1.449	0.747	8		190 to 400

Manufacturing

Monopotassium phosphate is produced by the action of phosphoric acid on potassium carbonate.

Applications

Fertilizer-grade MKP powder contains the equivalent of 52% P₂O₅ and 34% K₂O, and is labeled 0-52-34. MKP powder is often used as a nutrient source in the greenhouse trade and in hydroponics.

As a crystal, MKP is noted for its non-linear optical properties. Used in optical modulators and for non-linear optics such as second-harmonic generation (SHG).

Also to be noted is KD*P, potassium dideuterium phosphate, with slightly different properties. Highly deuterated KDP is used in nonlinear frequency conversion of laser light instead of protonated (regular) KDP due to the fact that the replacement of protons with deuterons in the crystal shifts the third overtone of the strong OH molecular stretch to longer wavelengths, moving it mostly out of the range of the fundamental line at ~1064 nm of neodymium-based lasers. Regular KDP has absorbances at this wavelength of approximately 4.7–6.3%/cm of thickness while highly deuterated KDP has absorbances of typically less than 0.8%/cm.

Gallery

References

^ ^a ^b Ono, Yasuhiro; Hikita, Tomoyuki; Ikeda, Takuro (1987). "Phase Transitions in Mixed Crystal System K_1-x(NH₄)_xH₂PO₄". Journal of the Physics Society Japan 56 (2): 577. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.56.577.
^ ^a ^b Fukami, T. (1990). "Refinement of the Crystal Structure of KH₂PO₄ in the Ferroelectric Phase". Physica status solidi (a) 117 (2): K93. doi:10.1002/pssa.2211170234.
^ ^a ^b Itoh, Kazuyuki; Matsubayashi, Tetsuo; Nakamura, Eiji; Motegi, Hiroshi (1975). "X-Ray Study of High-Temperature Phase Transitions in KH₂PO₄". Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 39 (3): 843. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.39.843.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Monopotassium phosphate.

International Chemical Safety Card 1608
EPA: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate Fact Sheet
Potassium Phosphate – a Hydroculture Salt

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

[Quantitative analysis of contents in compound fertilizer and application research using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy].

Song L, Zhang H, Ni XY, Wu L, Liu BM, Yu LX, Wang Q, Wu YJ.
Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu.Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi.2014 Jan;34(1):73-7.
In the present study, a new approach to fast determining the content of urea, biuret and moisture in compound fertilizer composed of urea, ammonium dihydrogenphosphate and potassium chloride was proposed by using near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. After preprocessing the original spectr
PMID 24783536

2-Meth-oxy-anilinium trichlorido-stannate(II).

Karoui S1, Kamoun S, Michaud F.
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The title compound, (C7H10NO)[SnCl3], is a new compound with non-linear optical (NLO) properties. The structure is pseudocentrosymmetric; the absence of an inversion centre was proved by the Kurtz and Perry method showing a significant second harmonic generation (SHG) signal about ten times lower th
PMID 23633990

Determination of cobalamins (hydroxo-, cyano-, adenosyl- and methyl-cobalamins) in seawater using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with diode-array detection.

Suárez-Suárez A1, Tovar-Sánchez A, Rosselló-Mora R.
Analytica chimica acta.Anal Chim Acta.2011 Sep 2;701(1):81-5. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.04.040. Epub 2011 Jun 2.
A high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the separation and determination of four cobalamins in seawater. Chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed-phase discovery RP-amide C(16) column with buffer potassium dihydrogenphosphate and acetonitrile as the mobile pha
PMID 21763812

Japanese Journal

Simple and Rapid Determination of Boron in the Wastewater with Azomethine H Using Accelerating Effect of Ammonium Ion

ENDO Masatoshi,YOSHIKAWA Eishi,NEMOTO Satomi,TAKAHASHI Yu,SAKAI Kiyofumi,MIZUGUCHI Hitoshi,SASAKI Atsushi,SUGAWARA Kenichi,SATO Koichi,IHARA Tadao
Journal of Water and Environment Technology 11(4), 355-365, 2013
… A combination of powdered azomethine H, L-ascorbic acid, EDTA, potassium dihydrogenphosphate, disodium hydrogenphosphate, and ammonium chloride was appropriate for the simple, rapid on-site determination of boron using a portable spectrophotometer. …
NAID 130003363034

Molecular-Chain Formation Induced by Infrared-Laser Light Observed in L-Cysteine and Potassium Dihydrogenphosphate

Tsujibayashi Toru,Ichimiya Masayoshi,Toyoda Koichi [他],Ohno Nobuhito
Jpn J Appl Phys 50(10), 101601-101601-4, 2011-10-25
… We have observed Raman scattering spectra of L-cysteine (HSCH2CH(NH2)COOH) and potassium dihydrogenphosphate (KH2PO4 or KDP) before and after irradiation of one pulse of an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser with its wavelength of 2.94 μm, duration of 0.2 ms, and peak power density of 0.4 MW/cm2. …
NAID 150000105871

Growth Inhibition of Human Melanoma Cells by a Recombinant Arginine Deiminase Expressed in Escherichia coli

Kozai Megumi,Sasamori Eriko,Fujihara Masatoshi [他],YAMASHITA Tetsuro,TAIRA Hideharu,HARASAWA Ryô
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 71(10), 1343-1347, 2009
… We found that high concentration of potassium dihydrogenphosphate (PDP) and L-arginine addition in refolding reaction increases the enzyme activity. …
NAID 130000134299

「リン酸二水素カリウム」

Monopotassium phosphate
	; Two unit cells of MKP viewed close to the b axis
	IUPAC name Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
	Other names Potassium phosphate monobasic; Phosphoric acid, monopotassium salt
Identifiers
CAS number	7778-77-0
PubChem	516951
ChemSpider	22914
UNII	4J9FJ0HL51
EC number	231-913-4
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1200925
RTECS number	TC6615500
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3K.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3+1;/p-3 ; Key: LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K InChI=1/3K.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3+1;/p-3; Key: LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-DFZHHIFOAX ;
Properties
Molecular formula	KH2PO4
Molar mass	136.086 g/mol
Appearance	White powder; deliquescent
Odor	odorless
Density	2.338 g/cm3
Melting point	252.6 °C (486.7 °F; 525.8 K)
Boiling point	400 °C (752 °F; 673 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	22.6 g/100 mL (20 °C); 83.5 g/100 mL (90 °C)
Solubility	slightly soluble in ethanol
Acidity (pKa)	7.2
Basicity (pKb)	11.9
Refractive index (nD)	1.4864
Structure
Crystal structure	tetragonal
Space group	I42d
Lattice constant	a = 0.744 nm, b = 0.744 nm, c = 0.697 nm
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
EU Index	Not listed
NFPA 704	0 1 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
LD50	3200 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Related compounds
Other cations	Monosodium phosphate; Monoammonium phosphate
Related compounds	Dipotassium phosphate; Tripotassium phosphate
	Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
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	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: potassium dihydrogenphosphate、monobasic potassium phosphate
関: リン酸カリウム、リン酸二カリウム

「monobasic potassium phosphate」

　　[★]

リン酸二水素カリウム

関: dibasic potassium phosphate、potassium dihydrogenphosphate、potassium phosphate

[s2-1] Ono, Yasuhiro; Hikita, Tomoyuki; Ikeda, Takuro (1987). "Phase Transitions in Mixed Crystal System K_1-x(NH₄)_xH₂PO₄". Journal of the Physics Society Japan 56 (2): 577. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.56.577.

[s1-2] Fukami, T. (1990). "Refinement of the Crystal Structure of KH₂PO₄ in the Ferroelectric Phase". Physica status solidi (a) 117 (2): K93. doi:10.1002/pssa.2211170234.

[s3-3] Itoh, Kazuyuki; Matsubayashi, Tetsuo; Nakamura, Eiji; Motegi, Hiroshi (1975). "X-Ray Study of High-Temperature Phase Transitions in KH₂PO₄". Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 39 (3): 843. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.39.843.

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案内

案内

potassium dihydrogenphosphate