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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/06 12:21:57」(JST)

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The pontine tegmentum is a part of the pons of the brain involved in the initiation of REM sleep. It includes the pedunculopontine nucleus and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, among others, and is located near the raphe nucleus and the locus ceruleus.

The trapezoid body, involved in binaural hearing, is part of the pontine tegmentum.

Function[edit]

In animal studies, lesions of the pontine tegmentum greatly reduce or even eliminate REM sleep. Injection of a cholinergic agonist (e.g. carbachol), into the pontine tegmentum produces a state of REM sleep in cats.

PET studies seem to indicate that there is a correlation between blood flow in the pontine tegmentum, REM sleep, and dreaming .^{[citation needed]}

Pontine waves (P-waves, or ponto-geniculate-occipital waves) are brain waves generated in the pontine tegmentum. They can be observed in mammals, precede the onset of REM sleep, and continue throughout its course. After periods of memory training, P-wave density increases during subsequent sleep periods in rats. This may be an indication of a link between sleep and learning.

External links[edit]

Atlas of anatomy at UMich n2a3p2
http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/cns1/cns1140.htm
http://isc.temple.edu/neuroanatomy/lab/atlas/panfc/
http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/med532/pons.htm

UpToDate Contents

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2. 急速眼球運動睡眠行動障害 rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
3. 核間性眼筋麻痺 internuclear ophthalmoparesis
4. 閉じ込め症候群 locked in syndrome
5. 後方循環系の脳血管症候群 posterior circulation cerebrovascular syndromes

English Journal

Eight-and-a-Half Syndrome: A Rare Presentation of Pontine Infarction.

Sampath Kumar NS1, Raju CG2, Kiran PR2, Kumar TA2, Gopal BV2, Khaseem DB2.Author information 1Department of Neurology, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. Electronic address: padala6487@gmail.com.2Department of Neurology, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.Abstract"Eight-and-a-half" syndrome is "one-and-a-half" syndrome (conjugated horizontal gaze palsy and internuclear ophthalmoplegia) plus ipsilateral fascicular cranial nerve seventh palsy. This rare condition, particularly when isolated, is caused by circumscribed lesions of the pontine tegmentum involving the abducens nucleus, the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus, and the adjacent facial colliculus. Its recognition is therefore of considerable diagnostic value. We report a case of a 65-year-old man who presented with eight-and-a-half syndrome in which brain magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a lacunar pontine infarction.
Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association.J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis.2014 Mar 25. pii: S1052-3057(14)00026-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.01.002. [Epub ahead of print]
"Eight-and-a-half" syndrome is "one-and-a-half" syndrome (conjugated horizontal gaze palsy and internuclear ophthalmoplegia) plus ipsilateral fascicular cranial nerve seventh palsy. This rare condition, particularly when isolated, is caused by circumscribed lesions of the pontine tegmentum involving
PMID 24674953

A case of pontine tegmental cap dysplasia with comorbidity of oculoauriculovertebral spectrum.

Chong PF1, Haraguchi K2, Torio M3, Kirino M4, Ogata R2, Matsukura M2, Sakai Y3, Ishizaki Y3, Yamamoto T5, Kira R2.Author information 1Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan. Electronic address: chong.p.f@fcho.jp.2Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.3Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.4Department of Pediatrics, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan.5Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute of Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.AbstractPontine tegmental cap dysplasia (PTCD) is a newly described brainstem malformation with distinct neuroimaging findings, characterized by a flattened ventral pons, cerebellar vermal hypoplasia and vaulted pontine tegmentum that forms a "caplike" or "beaklike" bulge projecting into the fourth ventricle. We describe a 3-month-old infant male who presented with typical neuroradiological findings as well as clinical features of PTCD. Notably, he manifested multiple anomalies with left ocular and facial hypoplasia, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and rib and vertebral anomalies. Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS) was thus considered to be an accompanying phenotype of this patient. The unique comorbidity seen in this patient suggests that PTCD and OAVS may partly share a common mechanism in their pathogenesis.
Brain & development.Brain Dev.2014 Mar 17. pii: S0387-7604(14)00058-8. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2014.02.007. [Epub ahead of print]
Pontine tegmental cap dysplasia (PTCD) is a newly described brainstem malformation with distinct neuroimaging findings, characterized by a flattened ventral pons, cerebellar vermal hypoplasia and vaulted pontine tegmentum that forms a "caplike" or "beaklike" bulge projecting into the fourth ventricl
PMID 24650581

Quantitative analysis of brainstem atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging in chronic progressive neuro-Behçet's disease.

Kikuchi H1, Takayama M2, Hirohata S3.Author information 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan. Electronic address: hiro-k@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp.2Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan.3Department of Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Japan.AbstractOBJECTIVES: To examine whether quantitative analysis of the brainstem areas on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans is useful for diagnosis as well as evaluation of disease activity in chronic progressive neuro-Behçet's disease (CPNB).
Journal of the neurological sciences.J Neurol Sci.2014 Feb 15;337(1-2):80-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.11.020. Epub 2013 Nov 21.
OBJECTIVES: To examine whether quantitative analysis of the brainstem areas on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans is useful for diagnosis as well as evaluation of disease activity in chronic progressive neuro-Behçet's disease (CPNB).METHODS: MRI scans in patients with acute neuro-Behçet's dise
PMID 24289890