(解剖)被蓋、表層

関: cortical layer、tegmenta、tegmental、tegmenti

同: 被蓋

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/21 13:53:12」(JST)

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The tegmentum (from Latin for "covering"^[1]) is a general area within the brainstem. It is located between the ventricular system and distinctive basal or ventral structures at each level. It forms the floor of the midbrain whereas the tectum forms the ceiling.^[2] It is a multisynaptic network of neurons that is involved in many unconscious homeostatic and reflexive pathways.

The tegmentum is the location of several cranial nerve (CN) nuclei. The nuclei of CN III and IV are located in the tegmentum portion of the midbrain. The nuclei of CN V to VIII are located in the tegmentum at the level of the pons. The nuclei of CN IX, X, and XII are located in that of the medulla.^{[citation needed]}

Development[edit]

In embryos, the tegmentum is the anterior half of the neural tube. However, for fetuses to adults, tegmentum refers only to the parts of the brain that remain relatively unchanged after development is complete, i.e. at the brain stem and midbrain. Other parts, on the other hand, develop further, through folding and thickening, and have different names. Still, it is considered a continuous central region through all levels of the brainstem.

Structures that develop to grow ventral or lateral outside this primitive tube as add-ons (e.g., the crus cerebri in the anterior of the midbrain) are not considered part of the tegmentum, as they are not part of the primitive neural tube but grow as projections from the cerebral cortex. However, parts that were inside the primitive neural tube and remained an integral part of it after complete development (e.g., the red nucleus) are considered part of the tegmentum.

Divisions[edit]

The tegmentum forms distinguished divisions in the midbrain, pons, and medulla.

Midbrain tegmentum[edit]

Main article: Midbrain tegmentum

The midbrain tegmentum is the part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain.

Pontine tegmentum[edit]

Main article: pontine tegmentum

Lateral tegmental field[edit]

The lateral tegmental field (LTF) ^[3] is the source of several neurons of the noradrenaline system of the brain

Other[edit]

Other pertinent areas of the tegmentum are:

Ventral tegmental area (VTA)
Periaqueductal gray matter
Reticular formation
Red nucleus
Substantia nigra

References[edit]

^ "Glossary of Latin Terms T". Bible-history.com. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
^ http://old.lf3.cuni.cz/physio/Physiology/education/materialy/cns/neuro2.ppt
^ Lateral Tegmental Field Neurons of Cat Medulla: A Source of Basal ...

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English Journal

Supplemental morphine infusion into the posterior ventral tegmentum extends the satiating effects of self-administered intravenous heroin.

Steidl S1, Myal S2, Wise RA2.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior.Pharmacol Biochem Behav.2015 Apr 23. pii: S0091-3057(15)00123-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.04.006. [Epub ahead of print]
Rats learn to self-administer intravenous heroin; well-trained animals lever-press at a slow and regular pace over a wide range of intravenous doses. The pauses between successive earned infusions are proportional to the dose of the previous injection and are thought to reflect periods of drug satie
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Locus coeruleus syndrome as a complication of tectal surgery.

Kronenburg A1, Spliet WG2, Broekman M1, Robe P1.
BMJ case reports.BMJ Case Rep.2015 Apr 22;2015. pii: bcr2014207018. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2014-207018.
We describe a case of a 48-year-old woman who underwent a resection of a tectal pilocytic astrocytoma complicated by a sequence of fluctuating consciousness, psychosis with complex hallucinations and lasting sleeping disturbances in which she vividly acts out her dreams. Based on the clinical and an
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Neuroanatomical correlation of urinary retention in lateral medullary infarction.

Cho HJ1, Kang TH, Chang JH, Choi YR, Park MG, Choi KD, Sung SM, Park KP, Jung DS.
Annals of neurology.Ann Neurol.2015 Apr;77(4):726-33. doi: 10.1002/ana.24379. Epub 2015 Mar 11.
We prospectively recruited 10 patients who presented with urinary retention as a neurological deficit that was attributable to lateral medullary infarction. Of these, 9 patients underwent a urodynamic study, which demonstrated detrusor underactivity of the bladder in 7 patients. Urinary retention de
PMID 25627980

Japanese Journal

Medial longitudinal fasciculus（MLF）症候群を呈した巨細胞性動脈炎の1例

上中健,濱口浩敏,関口兼司,古和久朋,苅田典生,戸田達史
臨床神経学 55(2), 107-110, 2015
症例は76歳の女性である．入院5ヵ月前より左上肢および両下肢の跛行が出現し，3ヵ月前より近医で炎症反応高値を指摘されたが原因不明であった．入院2ヵ月前に複視を自覚し，ステロイドで一過性に症状は改善したが再発したため，精査目的で紹介された．神経学的には右medial longitudinal fasciculus（MLF）症候群をみとめ，頭部MRIでは脳底動脈穿通枝領域に急性期脳梗塞巣が散見された． …
NAID 130004921312

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臨床神経学 = Clinical neurology 54(5), 403-407, 2014-05
NAID 40020092587

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角谷真人,尾上祐行,角谷彰子 [他],東原真奈,池脇克則,海田賢一
臨床神経学 54(4), 317-320, 2014
症例は85歳男性である．第1病日，突然物が二重にみえ右眼が外側に偏倚した．歩行時ふらつきと上口唇周囲のピリピリ感もみとめた．症状が持続し第10病日入院．右優位の両眼開散位，交代性外斜視をともなう両側核間性外眼筋麻痺（wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia; WEBINO），左上下肢失調，口唇の右上方の異常感覚をみとめた．頭部MRIで橋被蓋傍 …
NAID 130004921253

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「被蓋」「cortical layer」「tegmental」「表層」「tegmenta」
拡張検索	「tegmentum mesencephali」

「被蓋」

Brain: Tegmentum
	; Transverse section of mid-brain at level of superior colliculi, with anterior side pointing downward. ("Tegmentum" visible center right.)
	; Section through superior colliculus showing path of oculomotor nerve. (Tegmentum not labeled, but surrounding structures more clearly defined.)
Latin	Tegmentum
NeuroLex ID	birnlex_1031

　　[★]

英: tegmentum (KL)
関: 中脳被蓋

脳幹に存在する被蓋の総称
中脳水道によって中脳は背側部と腹側部と児分けられる。背側部が中脳蓋、腹側部はさらに２部に区分される。腹側部は大脳脚、背側部は中脳被蓋である

「cortical layer」

　　[★]

表層、皮層

関: cortex、cortical、cortices、tegmenta、tegmental、tegmentum

「tegmental」

　　[★]

被蓋の、表層の

関: cortical layer、tegmenta、tegmenti、tegmentum

「表層」

　　[★]

英: cortical layer、tegmentum、tegmenta、tegmental
関: 被蓋、皮層

「tegmenta」

　　[★]

表層

関: cortical layer、tegmental、tegmentum

「tegmentum mesencephali」

　　[★]

中脳被蓋

関: cerebral peduncle、tectum mesencephali

[1] "Glossary of Latin Terms T". Bible-history.com. Retrieved 2012-11-07.

[2] ttp://old.lf3.cuni.cz/physio/Physiology/education/materialy/cns/neuro2.ppt

[3] Lateral Tegmental Field Neurons of Cat Medulla: A Source of Basal ...

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案内

案内

tegmentum