関: PARP、poly ADP-ribose polymerase

WordNet

the 1st letter of the Roman alphabet (同)a
the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen (同)type_A, group A
a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid
in the Christian era; used before dates after the supposed year Christ was born; "in AD 200" (同)A.D., anno_Domini
an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of new DNA and RNA from an existing strand of DNA or RNA

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answer / ampere
リボース(リボ核酸の加水分解によって得られる五炭糖)

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1. ER／PR陰性、HER2陰性（トリプルネガティブ）乳癌の疫学、危険因子および臨床的アプローチ epidemiology risk factors and the clinical approach to er pr negative her2 negative triple negative breast cancer
2. 上皮性卵巣癌、卵管癌、または腹膜癌の再発に対する薬物療法：プラチナ製剤感受性癌 medical treatment for relapsed epithelial ovarian fallopian tubal or peritoneal cancer platinum sensitive disease
3. 進行性前立腺癌の治療に対する実験的アプローチ investigational approaches for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer
4. 漿液性の卵巣癌、卵管癌、および腹膜癌の病因 pathogenesis of ovarian fallopian tubal and peritoneal serous carcinomas
5. 乳癌における脳転移のマネージメント management of brain metastases in breast cancer

English Journal

Epothilone B induces extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in human SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells.

Rogalska A1, Gajek A2, Marczak A2.Author information 1Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: zychan@biol.uni.lodz.pl.2Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.AbstractThe molecular mechanisms underlying epothilone B (EpoB) induced apoptosis were investigated in SKOV-3 human ovarian cancer cells. The aim of this research was to compare EpoB's, which belongs to the new class of anticancer drugs, with paclitaxel's (PTX) ability to induce apoptosis. The mode of cell death was assessed colorimetrically, fluorimetrically and by immunoblot analyses through measuring DNA fragmentation, the level of intracellular calcium, the level of cytochrome c, TRAIL, the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the activation of caspase-9, -8 and -3. EpoB leads to an increase of the cytosolic level of cytochrome c after 4h of cell treatment. After 24 and 48h of cell treatment the level of intracellular calcium also increased by about 21% and 24% respectively. Moreover, EpoB, similarly to PTX, promoted the expression of TRAIL in lymphocytes, although high TRAIL expression on tumor cells was detected only after adding EpoB to SKOV-3 cells. EpoB mediates caspases-8 and -3 activation, which is independent of the reduction in the amount of caspase-9. Epitope-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies revealed characteristic apoptotic changes that included cleavage of the 116kDa PARP polypeptide to 25kDa fragments. The results of our study show that EpoB induces mainly the extrinsic pathway.
Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA.Toxicol In Vitro.2014 Jun;28(4):675-83. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.02.007. Epub 2014 Feb 26.
The molecular mechanisms underlying epothilone B (EpoB) induced apoptosis were investigated in SKOV-3 human ovarian cancer cells. The aim of this research was to compare EpoB's, which belongs to the new class of anticancer drugs, with paclitaxel's (PTX) ability to induce apoptosis. The mode of cell
PMID 24583341

Oleanolic acid and its synthetic derivatives for the prevention and therapy of cancer: Preclinical and clinical evidence.

Shanmugam MK1, Dai X1, Kumar AP2, Tan BK1, Sethi G3, Bishayee A4.Author information 1Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.2Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.3Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore. Electronic address: phcgs@nus.edu.sg.4Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, American University of Health Sciences, Signal Hill, CA, USA. Electronic address: abishayee@auhs.edu.AbstractOleanolic acid (OA, 3β-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid) is a ubiquitous pentacyclic multifunctional triterpenoid, widely found in several dietary and medicinal plants. Natural and synthetic OA derivatives can modulate multiple signaling pathways including nuclear factor-κB, AKT, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, mammalian target of rapamycin, caspases, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in a variety of tumor cells. Importantly, synthetic derivative of OA, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), and its C-28 methyl ester (CDDO-Me) and C28 imidazole (CDDO-Im) have demonstrated potent antiangiogenic and antitumor activities in rodent cancer models. These agents are presently under evaluation in phase I studies in cancer patients. This review summarizes the diverse molecular targets of OA and its derivatives and also provides clear evidence on their promising potential in preclinical and clinical situations.
Cancer letters.Cancer Lett.2014 May 1;346(2):206-16. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.01.016. Epub 2014 Jan 30.
Oleanolic acid (OA, 3β-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid) is a ubiquitous pentacyclic multifunctional triterpenoid, widely found in several dietary and medicinal plants. Natural and synthetic OA derivatives can modulate multiple signaling pathways including nuclear factor-κB, AKT, signal transducer a
PMID 24486850

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and cisplatin synergistically induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells.

Bao A1, Li Y1, Tong Y1, Zheng H1, Wu W1, Wei C2.Author information 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.2Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China.Abstract1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] plays an anticancer role in multiple types of cancer and potentiates the cytotoxic effects of several common chemotherapeutic agents. The hypercalcemia caused by 1,25(OH)2D3 alone or resistance to cisplatin weaken the anticancer effects of vitamin D. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and cisplatin on the apoptosis and cell cycle progression of gastric cancer cells. BGC-823 human gastric cancer cells were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 or cisplatin alone, or a combination of both agents. Cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. The expression of the apoptosis-related proteins, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and caspase-8, was examined using immunoblot analysis. ERK and AKT phosphorylation were examined by immunoblot analysis. The cell cycle distribution was determined by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometric analysis. p21 and p27 protein expression was also examined using immunoblot analysis. Our results revealed that co-treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis and upregulated the expression of Bax, and promoted the cleavage of PARP and caspase-3. The phosphorylation levels of ERK and AKT were reduced following combined treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 and cisplatin. The percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase was greater in the cells treated with the combined treatment than in those treated with either 1,25(OH)2D3 or cisplatin alone. p21 and p27 expression was upregulated following co-treatment with both agents. The results of this study suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 potentiates cisplatin-mediated cell growth inhibition and cell apoptosis, which involves the upregulation of Bax, a decrease in ERK and AKT phosphorylation levels, and increased p21 and p27 levels.
International journal of molecular medicine.Int J Mol Med.2014 May;33(5):1177-84. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1664. Epub 2014 Feb 24.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] plays an anticancer role in multiple types of cancer and potentiates the cytotoxic effects of several common chemotherapeutic agents. The hypercalcemia caused by 1,25(OH)2D3 alone or resistance to cisplatin weaken the anticancer effects of vitamin D. Thus, in
PMID 24573222