WordNet

smooth and flowing in quality; entirely free of harshness; "the liquid song of a robin"
the state in which a substance exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow with little or no tendency to disperse and relatively high incompressibility (同)liquidness, liquidity, liquid state
a substance that is liquid at room temperature and pressure
fluid matter having no fixed shape but a fixed volume
a frictionless continuant that is not a nasal consonant (especially `l and `r'
clear and bright; "the liquid air of a spring morning"; "eyes shining with a liquid luster"; "limpid blue eyes" (同)limpid
filled or brimming with tears; "swimming eyes"; "sorrow made the eyes of many grow liquid" (同)swimming
existing as or having characteristics of a liquid; especially tending to flow; "water and milk and blood are liquid substances"
of or relating to the pleura or the walls of the thorax; "pleural muscles"
the thin serous membrane around the lungs and inner walls of the chest

PrepTutorEJDIC

『液体』,流体 / 『液体の』,液状の / (空気・水などが)澄んだ,透明な / (音・調子などが)なめらかな,流れるような;(動作などが)なめらかな / (資産・証券・紙幣などが)流動性の(現金化しやすいこと)
ろく膜の,胸膜の
ろく膜,胸膜

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1. 成人における胸水の診断的評価：初期検査 diagnostic evaluation of a pleural effusion in adults initial testing
2. 成人における胸水の診断的評価：病因未確定に対する追加検査 diagnostic evaluation of pleural effusion in adults additional tests for undetermined etiology
3. 難治性の非癌性胸水のマネージメント management of refractory nonmalignant pleural effusions
4. 成人における胸水の画像検査 imaging of pleural effusions in adults
5. 疾患における胸水貯留の機序 mechanisms of pleural liquid accumulation in disease

English Journal

Comparison of diagnostic accuracy between CellprepPlus® and ThinPrep® liquid-based preparations in effusion cytology.

Lee YM1, Hwang JY, Son SM, Choi SY, Lee HC, Kim EJ, Han HS, An JY, Han JH, Lee OJ.Author information 1Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Korea.AbstractLiquid-based cytology (LBC) is being increasingly used for body fluid specimens and has improved diagnostic accuracy when compared to conventional smears. We compared the diagnostic accuracy and cellular morphologic features between CellprepPlus® LBC and ThinPrep® LBC in effusion cytology. One hundred and eighty body fluid specimens, consisting of 119 pleural fluid specimens, 59 peritoneal fluid specimens, and 2 pericardial fluid specimens, were obtained from 166 patients. Equal volumes of body fluid from each specimen were used in the CellprepPlus® and ThinPrep® preparations. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were evaluated. In addition, we selected 16 specimens from patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma, confirmed them by both LBC preparations, and measured the size of the nucleus in the tumor cells in these specimens. The sensitivity of the CellprepPlus® and ThinPrep® methods was 73.1% and 50.0%, respectively. The specificity and positive predictive values were 100% for both LBC methods, and the negative predictive values of the CellprepPlus® and ThinPrep® methods were 90.9% and 83.3%, respectively. The average nuclear size of the tumor cells was calculated as 20.87 μm using the CellprepPlus® method and 15.08 μm using the ThinPrep® method (P < 0.05). The CellprepPlus® method provided better diagnostic accuracy of effusion cytology compared to the ThinPrep® method and revealed the characteristic morphological features of tumor cells, including large and hypochromatic nuclei, prominent nucleoli, distinct nuclear membranes, and high cellularity. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:384-390. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnostic cytopathology.Diagn Cytopathol.2014 May;42(5):384-90. doi: 10.1002/dc.23041. Epub 2013 Oct 25.
Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is being increasingly used for body fluid specimens and has improved diagnostic accuracy when compared to conventional smears. We compared the diagnostic accuracy and cellular morphologic features between CellprepPlus® LBC and ThinPrep® LBC in effusion cytology. One hun
PMID 24167083

Croton antisyphiliticus Mart. attenuates the inflammatory response to carrageenan-induced pleurisy in mice.

Dos Reis GO1, Vicente G, de Carvalho FK, Heller M, Micke GA, Pizzolatti MG, Fröde TS.Author information 1Department of Clinical Analysis, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Brazil.AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the crude hydroalcoholic extract (CHE) from the aerial parts of Croton antisyphiliticus, its fractions and isolated compounds derived from it on the mouse model of pleurisy induced by carrageenan. The aerial parts of C. antisyphiliticus were dried, macerated and extracted with ethanol to obtain the CHE, which was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction using solvents with increasing polarity to obtain hexane (Hex), ethyl acetate (EA) and aqueous (Aq) fractions. Vitexin and quinic acid were isolated from Aq fraction. Capillary electrophoresis analysis, physical characteristics and spectral data produced by infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H and (13)C NMR) and mass spectrometry analyses were used to identify and elucidate the structure of the isolated compounds. The experimental model of pleurisy was induced in mice by a single intrapleural injection of carrageenan (1 %). Leukocytes, exudate concentrations, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and adenosine-deaminase (ADA) activities and nitrate/nitrite (NOx), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels were determined in the pleural fluid leakage at 4 h after pleurisy induction. Animals pre-treated with CHE, Hex, EA, Aq, vitexin and quinic acid exhibited decreases in leukocytes, exudate concentrations, MPO and ADA activities and NOx levels (p < 0.05). Also CHE, Hex, EA and vitexin but not quinic acid inhibited TNF-α and IL-17 levels (p < 0.05). C. antisyphiliticus caused anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the activated leukocytes, exudate concentrations, NOx, TNF-α, and IL-17 levels. The compounds vitexin and quinic acid may be responsible for this anti-inflammatory action.
Inflammopharmacology.Inflammopharmacology.2014 Apr;22(2):115-26. doi: 10.1007/s10787-013-0184-6. Epub 2013 Aug 29.
The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the crude hydroalcoholic extract (CHE) from the aerial parts of Croton antisyphiliticus, its fractions and isolated compounds derived from it on the mouse model of pleurisy induced by carrageenan. The aerial parts of C. antisyp
PMID 23990384

Misidentification of Aspergillus nomius and Aspergillus tamarii as Aspergillus flavus: characterization by internal transcribed spacer, β-Tubulin, and calmodulin gene sequencing, metabolic fingerprinting, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.

Tam EW1, Chen JH, Lau EC, Ngan AH, Fung KS, Lee KC, Lam CW, Yuen KY, Lau SK, Woo PC.Author information 1Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.AbstractAspergillus nomius and Aspergillus tamarii are Aspergillus species that phenotypically resemble Aspergillus flavus. In the last decade, a number of case reports have identified A. nomius and A. tamarii as causes of human infections. In this study, using an internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and calmodulin gene sequencing, only 8 of 11 clinical isolates reported as A. flavus in our clinical microbiology laboratory by phenotypic methods were identified as A. flavus. The other three isolates were A. nomius (n = 2) or A. tamarii (n = 1). The results corresponded with those of metabolic fingerprinting, in which the A. flavus, A. nomius, and A. tamarii strains were separated into three clusters based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC MS) analysis. The first two patients with A. nomius infections had invasive aspergillosis and chronic cavitary and fibrosing pulmonary and pleural aspergillosis, respectively, whereas the third patient had A. tamarii colonization of the airway. Identification of the 11 clinical isolates and three reference strains by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) showed that only six of the nine strains of A. flavus were identified correctly. None of the strains of A. nomius and A. tamarii was correctly identified. β-Tubulin or the calmodulin gene should be the gene target of choice for identifying A. flavus, A. nomius, and A. tamarii. To improve the usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS, the number of strains for each species in MALDI-TOF MS databases should be expanded to cover intraspecies variability.
Journal of clinical microbiology.J Clin Microbiol.2014 Apr;52(4):1153-60. doi: 10.1128/JCM.03258-13. Epub 2014 Jan 22.
Aspergillus nomius and Aspergillus tamarii are Aspergillus species that phenotypically resemble Aspergillus flavus. In the last decade, a number of case reports have identified A. nomius and A. tamarii as causes of human infections. In this study, using an internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, an
PMID 24452174

Japanese Journal

胸水細胞診におけるLiquid-Based Cytology法を用いた免疫細胞化学の有用性について : 当院における悪性胸水20症例の検討

小田由紀子,岩崎沙理,今川誠 [他]
KKR札幌医療センター医学雑誌 11(1), 30-36, 2014
NAID 40020270058

特発性食道破裂 (Boerhaave 症候群) の 1 例:—胸水細胞診の所見とその臨床的意義—

木下真由美,浜島裕理,平石美奈,沢辺元司,新井冨生
日本臨床細胞学会雑誌 52(3), 269-270, 2013
… The pleural effusion specimen was a dirty dark brown liquid and the cytological findings showed scattered orangeophilic superficial or intermediate squamous epithelial cells without atypia as well as bacteria and food in the inflamed pleural effusion. … Both pathologists and cytologists should pay close attention to dirty black pleural effusion which contains superficial or intermediate squamous cells without atypia. …
NAID 130004513185

ヒト胸膜中皮由来細胞に対するカーボンナノチューブ曝露によるDNA損傷作用

小笠原裕樹,梅津憲章,石井一行
日本衛生学雑誌 67(1), 76-83, 2012
… In this study, we investigated the potential risk posed by singlewalled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) exposure in human pleural mesothelial cells. … The concentration of 8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in DNA was measured by high perhormance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. … Conclusions: CNTs significantly inhibit cell proliferation and decrease DNA damage in human pleural mesothelial cells. …
NAID 130002117320