- 関
- photolabile pigment、photopigment
WordNet
- a special pigment found in the rods and cones of the retina
- acquire pigment; become colored or imbued
- any substance whose presence in plant or animal tissues produces a characteristic color
- color or dye with a pigment; "pigment a photograph"
- dry coloring material (especially a powder to be mixed with a liquid to produce paint, etc.)
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉〈C〉(おもに紛末の)絵の具,顔料 / 〈U〉色素
- 感光性の
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/06/10 10:58:19」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Normalised absorption spectra of the three human photopsins and of human rhodopsin (dashed).
Photopsins (also known as Cone opsins) are the photoreceptor proteins found in the cone cells of the retina that are the basis of color vision. Iodopsin, the cone pigment system in chicken retina, is a close analog of the visual purple rhodopsin that is used in night vision. Iodopsin consists of the protein component and a bound chromophore, retinal.
Contents
- 1 Function
- 2 Types
- 3 History
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Function
Opsins are Gn-x protein-coupled receptors of the retinylidene protein family. Isomerization of 11-cis-retinal into all-trans-retinal by light induces a conformational change in the protein that activates photopsin and promotes its binding to G protein transducin, which triggers a second messenger cascade.
Types
Different opsins differ in a few amino acids and absorb light at different wavelengths as retinal-bound pigments.
Cone type |
Name |
Range |
Peak wavelength[1][2] |
S (OPN1SW) - "tritan", "cyanolabe" |
β |
400–500 nm |
420–440 nm |
M (OPN1MW) - "deutan", "chlorolabe" |
γ |
450–630 nm |
534–545 nm |
L (OPN1LW) - "protan", "erythrolabe" |
ρ |
500–700 nm |
564–580 nm |
In humans there are 3 different iodopsins (rhodopsin analogs) that contain the protein-pigment complexes photopsin I, II, and III. The 3 types of iodopsins are called erythrolabe(photopsin I + retinal), chlorolabe(photopsin II + retinal), and cyanolabe(photopsin III + retinal), respectively.[3] These photopsins have absorption maxima for red ["erythr"-red] (photopsin I), green ["chlor"-green] (photopsin II), and bluish-violet light ["cyan"-bluish violet] (photopsin III).
History
George Wald received the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his experiments in the 1950s that showed the difference in absorbance by these photopsins (see image).
See also
- Rhodopsins, the pigment for monochromatic (scotopic) dark vision.
- Melanopsin, the pigment which is used to control pupil sizes and the sleep/wake cycle
- Visual cycle, the chemistry of phototransduction
- Color blindness
References
- ^ Wyszecki, Günther; Stiles, W.S. (1982). Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley Series in Pure and Applied Optics. ISBN 0-471-02106-7.
- ^ R. W. G. Hunt (2004). The Reproduction of Colour (6th ed.). Chichester UK: Wiley–IS&T Series in Imaging Science and Technology. pp. 11–12. ISBN 0-470-02425-9.
- ^ Rushton, W. A. H. (1 June 1966). "Densitometry of pigments in rods and cones of normal and color defective subjects" (PDF). Investigative Ophthalmology 5 (3): 233–241. PMID 5296487. Retrieved 2006-11-14.
External links
- Rhodopsin and the eye, an excellent summary with pictures.
Eye proteins
|
|
Opsin (retinylidene protein) |
visual
|
- Rhodopsin
- Photopsin (OPN1LW
- OPN1MW/OPN1MW2
- OPN1SW)
|
|
nonvisual
|
|
|
|
Crystallin |
- Alpha (A
- B)
- Beta (A1
- A2
- A4
- B1
- B2
- B3)
- Gamma (A
- B
- C
- D
- N
- S)
|
|
Other |
- Arrestin
- Guanylate cyclase activator
- Recoverin
- Rhodopsin kinase
|
|
Index of the eye
|
|
Description |
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Phenomena
- appearance
- visual
- optical illusions
- proteins
- Development
|
|
Disease |
- Congenital
- Corneal dystrophy
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
|
|
Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- infection
- glaucoma and miosis
- mydriatics
- vascular
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Melanopsin is highly resistant to light and chemical bleaching in vivo.
- Sexton TJ, Golczak M, Palczewski K, Van Gelder RN.SourceFrom the Departments of Ophthalmology and.
- The Journal of biological chemistry.J Biol Chem.2012 Jun 15;287(25):20888-97. Epub 2012 Apr 30.
- Melanopsin is the photopigment of mammalian intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, where it contributes to light entrainment of circadian rhythms, and to the pupillary light response. Previous work has shown that the melanopsin photocycle is independent of that used by rhodopsin (Tu, D
- PMID 22547062
- Melanopsin and mechanisms of non-visual ocular photoreception.
- Sexton T, Buhr E, Van Gelder RN.SourceDepartments of Ophthalmology and and Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA.
- The Journal of biological chemistry.J Biol Chem.2012 Jan 13;287(3):1649-56. Epub 2011 Nov 10.
- In addition to rods and cones, the mammalian eye contains a third class of photoreceptor, the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC). ipRGCs are heterogeneous irradiance-encoding neurons that primarily project to non-visual areas of the brain. Characteristics of ipRGC light respo
- PMID 22074930
Japanese Journal
- Inheritance of Anthocyanin Pigment and Photosensitivity in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Fruit
- , ,
- Environment control in biology 50(1), 75-80, 2012-03-30
- … In addition, based on the results obtained under dark conditions, the genetic characteristic of photosensitivity in the major anthocyanins was segregated into the ratio of 9:3:3:1 (nasunin of the non-photosensitive type : nasunin of the photosensitive type: tulipanin of the non-photosensitive type: tulipanin of the photosensitive type). …
- NAID 10030741810
- Serum Vitamin A Level Measurement in Slaughtered and Live Cattle Using Multispectral Imaging
- , , , , , , , , , ,
- Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food 3(2), 42-46, 2010
- … Since the photosensitive pigment rhodopsin has a maximum absorption of about 500 nm, the results suggest that 500 nm could be the optimum wavelength for measuring pupil reflection. …
- NAID 130000255351
- 小柳 光正
- 比較生理生化学 25(2), 50-57, 2008-04-20
- オプシンは, 視覚や概日リズムの光調節など動物の光受容システムの入り口に位置し, オプシンのアミノ酸配列に基づく性質が光受容の大部分の性質を決める。 ほとんどの動物において複数のオプシン遺伝子が存在することが知られており, 多様なオプシンの機能を調べることは, 光受容システムの分子基盤やその進化を知る上で重要である。 筆者らはオプシンの機能多様性を調べる目的で, ナメクジウオやヤツメウナギから …
- NAID 10025616930
Related Links
- pho·top·sin (fō-top'sin), The protein moiety (opsin) of the pigment (iodopsin) in the cones of the retina. photopsin /pho·top·sin/ (fo-top´sin) the protein moiety of the cones of the retina that combines with retinal to form photochemical ...
- photosensitive [fo″to-sen´sĭ-tiv] exhibiting photosensitivity. pho·to·sen·si·tive (fō'tō-sen'si-tiv), 1. An abnormally heightened reactivity of the skin to sunlight. 2. Responding to light, for example, as by a photocell. [photo + L. sensus, a ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- photosensitizing dye、photopigment、photosensitive pigment、photolabile pigment
[★]
- 関
- photolabile pigment、photosensitive pigment
[★]
- 関
- photopigment、photosensitive pigment
[★]
- 関
- dye、dye stuff
[★]
- 関
- photolabile、photosensitivity
[★]
- 関
- pigmentary