WordNet

the art and science of preparing and dispensing drugs and medicines, (同)pharmaceutics
of or relating to drugs used in medical treatment
drug or medicine that is prepared or dispensed in pharmacies and used in medical treatment (同)pharmaceutic
of or relating to pharmacy or pharmacists; "the pharmaceutical industry" (同)pharmaceutic
a particular branch of scientific knowledge; "the science of genetics" (同)scientific discipline

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉薬学;調剤術 / =drugstore
調剤の,製薬の,薬学の / 調合薬,薬剤(drug)
〈U〉『科学』;(特に)自然科学 / 〈C〉(個々の)科学,学問 / 〈U〉〈C〉(修練を要する)技術,わざ

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/03 22:42:36」(JST)

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Variations on a common tablet design, which can be distinguished by both color and shape

The pharmaceutical sciences are a group of interdisciplinary areas of study concerned with the design, action, delivery, disposition, inorganic, physical, biochemical and analytical biology (anatomy and physiology, biochemistry, cell biology, and molecular biology), epidemiology, statistics, chemometrics, mathematics, physics, and chemical engineering, and applies their principles to the study of drugs.

The pharmaceutical sciences are further subdivided into several specific specialties, with four main branches:

Pharmacology: the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on human beings.
- Pharmacodynamics: the study of the cellular and molecular interactions of drugs with their receptors. Simply "What the drug does to the body"
- Pharmacokinetics: the study of the factors that control the concentration of drug at various sites in the body. Simply "What the body does to the drug"
- Pharmaceutical toxicology: the study of the harmful or toxic effects of drugs.
- Pharmacogenomics: the study of the inheritance of characteristic patterns of interaction between drugs and organisms.
Pharmaceutical chemistry: the study of drug design to optimize pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and synthesis of new drug molecules (Medicinal Chemistry).
Pharmaceutics: the study and design of drug formulation for optimum delivery, stability, pharmacokinetics, and patient acceptance.
Pharmacognosy: the study of medicines derived from natural sources.

As new discoveries advance and extend the pharmaceutical sciences, subspecialties continue to be added to this list. Importantly, as knowledge advances, boundaries between these specialty areas of pharmaceutical sciences are beginning to blur. Many fundamental concepts are common to all pharmaceutical sciences. These shared fundamental concepts further the understanding of their applicability to all aspects of pharmaceutical research and drug therapy.

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2. 漢方薬および栄養補助食品の概要 overview of herbal medicine and dietary supplements
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4. 糖尿病を有する小児の自己マネージメントに関する教育 self management education for the child with diabetes mellitus
5. 手術室における患者の安全性 patient safety in the operating room

English Journal

Deciphering an Underlying Mechanism of Differential Cellular Effects of Nanoparticles: An Example of Bach-1 Dependent Induction of HO-1 Expression by Gold Nanorod.

Fan Z, Yang X, Li Y, Li S, Niu S, Wu X, Wei J, Nie G.SourceCollege of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
Biointerphases.Biointerphases.2012 Dec;7(1-4):10. Epub 2012 Feb 9.
Gold nanoparticles are extensively investigated for their potential biomedical applications. Therefore, it is pertinent to thoroughly evaluate their biological effects at different levels and their underlying molecular mechanism. Frequently, there are discrepancies about the biological effects of va
PMID 22589053

Ginkgo extract EGb761 confers neuroprotection by reduction of glutamate release in ischemic brain.

Klein J, Mdzinarishvili A, Sambria RK, Lang D.SourceDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center,Amarillo, Texas, USA. klein@em.uni-frankfurt.de
Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Société canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques.J Pharm Pharm Sci.2012 Oct;15(1):94-102.
PURPOSE: Ginkgo extract EGb761 has shown anti-edema and anti-ischemic effects in various experimental models. In the present study, we demonstrate neuroprotective effects of EGb761 in experimental stroke while monitoring brain metabolism by microdialysis.METHODS: We have used oxygen-glucose deprivat
PMID 22365091