同: PVR, 末梢血管抵抗

WordNet

any mechanical force that tends to retard or oppose motion
the capacity of an organism to defend itself against harmful environmental agents; "these trees are widely planted because of their resistance to salt and smog"
the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with; "he encountered a general feeling of resistance from many citizens"; "despite opposition from the newspapers he went ahead" (同)opposition
(psychiatry) an unwillingness to bring repressed feelings into conscious awareness
group action in opposition to those in power
the military action of resisting the enemys advance; "the enemy offered little resistance"
the degree of unresponsiveness of a disease-causing microorganism to antibiotics or other drugs (as in penicillin-resistant bacteria)
related to the key issue but not of central importance; "a peripheral interest"; "energy is far from a peripheral issue in the economy"; "peripheral issues"
(computer science) electronic equipment connected by cable to the CPU of a computer; "disk drives and printers are important peripherals" (同)computer peripheral, peripheral device
on or near an edge or constituting an outer boundary; the outer area; "Russias peripheral provinces"; "peripheral suburbs"
of or relating to or having vessels that conduct and circulate fluids; "vascular constriction"; "a vascular bundle"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉〈C〉(…に)『抵抗』(『反抗』)『すること』;(…を)『こらえること』《+『to』(『against』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈U〉(病気などに対する)『抵抗力』《+『against』(『to』)+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(またresistance movement)(権力・圧制に対する)抵抗運動,レジスタンス / 〈U〉(空気の)抵抗;(電気の)抵抗
周囲の; 周辺（装置）の・末梢的な・重要でない; （...に比べて）瑣末な (to); 【医】末端部の; コンピュータの周辺装置
(血液・樹液などを運ぶ)管の,導管の,血管の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/15 15:26:59」(JST)

wiki en

Total peripheral resistance (TPR) is the sum of the resistance of all peripheral vasculature in the systemic circulation. Vasculature throughout the entire body can be thought of as two separate circuits - one is the systemic circulation, while the other is the pulmonary circulation.

TPR should not be confused with pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which is the resistance in the pulmonary circulation.

Measurement[edit source | edit]

TPR is represented mathematically by the formula R = ΔP/Q.

R is TPR.
ΔP is the change in pressure across the systemic circulation from its beginning to its end.
Q is the flow through the vasculature (equal to cardiac output)

In other words:

Total Peripheral Resistance = (Mean Arterial Pressure - Mean Venous Pressure) / Cardiac Output

The numerator can be seen as representing the change in pressure that occurred immediately after having left the heart (i.e., mean arterial pressure) to when it finally returned to the heart via the IVC to the right atrium (i.e., mean venous pressure).

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is calculated from the values of systolic and diastolic pressure, but it is not an average of the two. Diastole lasts almost twice as long as systole does therefore MAP is closer to the diastolic blood pressure value. MAP is calculated from the following formula: MAP = diastolic + (systolic - diastolic) / 3. Another way, and perhaps easier way, to write this is MAP = diastolic + systolic.

Mean Venous Pressure is measured at the right atrium and is usually very low (normally around 4mm Hg). As a result, it is sometimes disregarded. A synonymous term is central venous pressure.

Causes of Change in TPR[edit source | edit]

Peripheral resistance increases due to binding of norepinephrine and epinephrine to the α1 receptor on vascular smooth muscles. These hormones cause vasoconstriction, thus decreasing the radius of the vessels in the periphery. Resistance is inversely proportional to radius to the power of four. Thus, a decreased radius will greatly increase the resistance.

Peripheral Resistance is also affected by the viscosity of the blood flowing through it. The viscosity of blood is normally associated with its osmolarity.

Peripheral Resistance is also dependent upon the capacitance of the blood vessel through which the blood travels.

A decrease in TPR (e.g., during exercising) will result in an increased flow to tissues and an increased venous flow back to the heart. An increased TPR will decrease flow to tissues and decrease venous flow back to the heart.

TPR also decreases in immersion of water.

References[edit source | edit]

An introduction to vascular biology [electronic resource] : from basic science to clinical practice / edited by Beverley J. Hunt ... [et al.]. Cambridge, UK ; New York : Cambridge University Press, c2002.

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Japanese Journal

Living-donor liver transplantation for moderate or severe porto-pulmonary hypertension accompanied by pulmonary arterial hypertension: a single-centre experience over 2 decades in Japan.

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… Catheterization studies were undertaken before, during and after LDLT, and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), cardiac output (CO), pulmonary vascular resistance and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were monitored. …
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Basics of Coronary Circulatory Physiology and Hemodynamics in a Patient with Coronary Artery Lesions

小川俊一
Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery 28(2), 117-125, 2012
… Furthermore, the coronary circulation can be autoregulated, but it is controlled by coronary peripheral vascular resistance, tissue pressure in the diastolic myocardium, and myocardium contractility. …
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