WordNet

earlier than the present time; no longer current; "time past"; "his youth is past"; "this past Thursday"; "the past year"
the time that has elapsed; "forget the past" (同)past times, yesteryear
a earlier period in someones life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret); "reporters dug into the candidates past"
a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past (同)past_tense
of a person who has held and relinquished a position or office; "a retiring member of the board" (同)preceding, retiring
the aggregate of past events; "a critical time in the schools history"
the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future; "all of human history"
a record or narrative description of past events; "a history of France"; "he gave an inaccurate account of the plot to kill the president"; "the story of exposure to lead" (同)account, chronicle, story
all that is remembered of the past as preserved in writing; a body of knowledge; "the dawn of recorded history"; "from the beginning of history"
the discipline that records and interprets past events involving human beings; "he teaches Medieval history"; "history takes the long view"
(ballet) a step in dancing (especially in classical ballet)

PrepTutorEJDIC

『過ぎ去った』,終わった(over) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『過去に起こった』,過去の,昔の / 《期間を表す語の前後で完了形の文で用いて》(…の期間を)『過ぎた』,最近(…)の / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『前任の』,元の / (文法で)過去の / (場所)『を通り越して』,の先に / (時刻)『を過ぎて』;(年齢)を過ぎて / (能力・限度など)『を越えて』,の及ばない / (ある数・量)『を越えて』,…以上 / 《the~》『過去』 / 《a~,one's~》(国などの)歴史;(人の)経歴,(特にいかがわしい)過去 / 過去[時制];過去形 / 『過ぎて』,通り越して
〈U〉『歴史』;歴史学 / 〈C〉『歴史書』 / 〈C〉(人の)『経歴』,来歴;(物事の)過去,由来 / 〈C〉史劇
(バレエのステップの)踏み足 / 優先権
(激しく)打つこと,たたくこと / (スポーツなどの)完敗

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/08 20:36:44」(JST)

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In a medical encounter, a past medical history (abbreviated PMH),^[1] is the total sum of a patient's health status prior to the presenting problem.

Questions to include

Different sources include different questions to be asked while conducting a PMH, but in general, they include the following:

General state of health: e.g. excellent, good, fair, poor. Note any significant change from previous state.
Past illnesses: e.g. cancer, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes.
Hospitalizations: including all medical, surgical, and psychiatric hospitalizations. Note the date, reason, duration for the hospitalization.
Injuries, or accidents: note the type and date of injury.
Surgeries: note the type of procedure, date, hospital, surgeon, and any complications.
Current medications: note name, dosage, frequency of any medication, including any over-the-counter medications and herbal remedies. Note whether patient is taking the medications according to the prescribed instructions.
Allergies: note any environmental, food, or drug allergies, as well as the specific type of reaction, e.g. anaphylaxis, rash, itching.
Immunizations: take a careful record of all immunizations, including tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, polio, Hepatitis B, measles, mumps, rubella, Haemophilus influenzae type B, influenza.
Substance abuse: note any alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use, include type, amount, and duration, as well as any past treatment or drug rehabilitation.
Diet: ask about everything the patient has eaten the day before and for the past week. Note the type of food consumed and do a nutritional status assessment.
Sleep: a useful mnemonic for sleep patterns is BEARS, for Bedtime problems (e.g. snoring, sleep apnea, or nightmares), Excessive daytime sleepiness, Awakenings at night, Regularity and duration of sleep, Snoring.^[2]
Alternative therapies: e.g. acupuncture, massage, herbal medicine, vitamins, chiropractice.
Obstetric/Gynecologic history (if female): include total number of pregnancies, whether they are full term, preterm, miscarriages, abortions, living, as well as any complications. Include menopause and date. Include sexual history and any history of sexually transmitted diseases.
Birth history: details of labor and delivery of patient, admission to NICU, maternal fever, duration of rupture of membranes, Apgar scores (particularly import in first three months of life)
Growth and development: plots of height, weight, and head circumference are standard content for pediatric records, any change in trajectory (e.g. growth plots which cross percentile lines rather than running parallel), developmental mile stones, any IQ or other developmental testing

Acronyms

Several acronyms have been developed to categorize the appropriate questions to include:

"MMASH", for Medical Illnesses, Medications, Allergies, Surgeries, Hospitalizations.^[3]
"PAM HUGS FOSS",^[4] for
- Previous presence of the symptom (same chief complaint)
- Allergies (drugs, foods, chemicals, dust, etc.)
- Medicines (any drugs the patient used)
- Hospitalization for any illness in the past
- Urinary changes (especially if diabetic or elderly)
- Gastrointestinal complaints (diet changes, bowel movements, etc.)
- Sleep pattern (waking up/going to sleep, etc.)
- Family history (similar chief complaints/serious illness)
- OB/GYN history (LMP, abortions, etc.)
- Sexual habits (active/preferences/STD, etc.)
- Social life (job/house/smoking/alcohol, etc.)

In prehospital medicine, namely EMS, the acronyms SAMPLE or CHAMPS are used.

Signs/Symptoms
Allergies
Medicines (Prescriptions)
Past Pertinent History
Last bowel movement/oral intake
Events leading to the current complaint

Chief Complaint
History
Allergies
Medicines (Prescriptions)
Previous activity
Signs/Symptoms

Medicare definitions

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services^[5] has published criteria for what constitutes a reimbursable PMH. A PMH is considered one of three elements of the "Past, Family, and Social History" (abbreviated as PFSH):^[6]

Past medical history: "the patient's past experiences with illnesses, operations, injuries and treatments";
Family history: "a review of medical events in the patient's family, including diseases which may be hereditary or place the patient at risk";
Social history: "an age-appropriate review of past and current activities".

A pertinent PFSH consists of at least one of the three components; a full PFSH consists of two or three components for an established patient, or all three components for a new patient visit.^[7]

CMS required history elements^[8]
Type of history	CC	HPI	ROS	Past, family, and/or social
Problem focused	Required	Brief	N/A	N/A
Expanded problem focused	Required	Brief	Problem pertinent	N/A
Detailed	Required	Extended	Extended	Pertinent
Comprehensive	Required	Extended	Complete	Complete

References

^ Swartz, Mark (2002). Textbook of Physical Diagnosis: History and Examination. Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 19–23. ISBN 1-4160-2405-0.
^ http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/09/040907083159.htm Science News: Enlarged Tonsils, Adenoids And Allergies May Affect A Child's Bite, Facial Appearance And/Or Behavior
^ Useful Acronyms for Facilitators and Students
^ HPI (history of present illness)
^ http://www.cms.hhs.gov/
^ Evaluation and Management Coding and Electronic Health Records
^ Evaluation and Management Coding and Electronic Health Records
^ "www.cms.gov" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-02-27.

External links

Overview at medinfo.ufl.edu
An example of Past Medical History Questionnaire

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