WordNet

showing favoritism
being or affecting only a part; not total; "a partial description of the suspect"; "partial collapse"; "a partial eclipse"; "a partial monopoly"; "partial immunity"
the 4th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)d
any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates an immune response in the body (especially the production of antibodies)

PrepTutorEJDIC

(また『part』)『一部分の』,部分的な;不完全な / 不公平な,偏った / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…が)特に好きで《+『to』+『名』》
deuteriumの化学記号
抗原(生物の体内にはいって免疫体を作る物質)
(おもに人称代名詞・固有名詞(人名),thereの後で)had, wouldの短縮形 / (疑問文でwhere,what,whenの後で)didの短縮形;Where'd he go?=Where did he go?

UpToDate Contents

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1. 前立腺癌のスクリーニング screening for prostate cancer
2. 赤血球抗原および抗体のプライマー a primer of red blood cell antigens and antibodies
3. 前立腺特異的抗原（PSA）の測定 measurement of prostate specific antigen
4. 抗原提示細胞 antigen presenting cells
5. 大腸癌切除後のサーベイランス surveillance after colorectal cancer resection

English Journal

Evolutionary analysis of HBV "S" antigen genetic diversity in Iranian blood donors: a nationwide study.

Pourkarim MR, Sharifi Z, Soleimani A, Amini-Bavil-Olyaee S, Elsadek Fakhr A, Sijmons S, Vercauteren J, Karimi G, Lemey P, Maes P, Alavian SM, Van Ranst M.Author information Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.AbstractThe genetic diversity of the HBV S gene has a significant impact on the prophylaxis and treatment of hepatitis B infection. The effect of selective pressure on this genetic alteration has not yet been studied in Iranian blood donors. To explore HBV evolution and to analyze the effects and patterns of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) mutations on blood screening assays, 358 Iranian blood donors diagnosed as asymptomatic HBV carriers were enrolled in this nationwide study. Large S and partial S genes were amplified and sequenced. HBV (sub) genotypes and synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations were investigated. The impact of naturally occurring mutations on HBsAg ELISA results was explored. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that isolated strains were of genotype D. The dominant subgenotype/subtype was D1/ayw2. Deletions and naturally occurring stop codons in the pre-S1 and major hydrophilic region (MHR) were identified. In total, 32.8% of the studied strains harbored 195 single or multiple mutations in the MHR, the majority of which were located at the first loop of the "a determinant" domain. The ayw2 subtype showed a significant effect on the ELISA signal/cut-off value and carried fewer mutations in the MHR. Nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution value indicated that negative selection was the dominant evolutionary force in the HBV S gene. This nationwide study revealed that mutation frequency of HBsAg among Iranian blood donors was much higher than previous reports from the different local regions. These findings regarding the significant differences in reactivity of ELISA among different subtypes of HBV and its correlation with the number of mutations at the MHR will be valuable to public health authorities.
Journal of medical virology.J Med Virol.2014 Jan;86(1):144-55. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23798. Epub 2013 Oct 22.
The genetic diversity of the HBV S gene has a significant impact on the prophylaxis and treatment of hepatitis B infection. The effect of selective pressure on this genetic alteration has not yet been studied in Iranian blood donors. To explore HBV evolution and to analyze the effects and patterns o
PMID 24150816

Prostate-specific membrane antigen protein expression in tumor tissue and risk of lethal prostate cancer.

Kasperzyk JL, Finn SP, Flavin R, Fiorentino M, Lis R, Hendrickson WK, Clinton SK, Sesso HD, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ, Loda M, Mucci LA.Author information Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health; Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Pathology Unit, Addarii Institute of Oncology, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy; and Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.AbstractBACKGROUND: Overexpression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in tumor tissue and serum has been linked to increased risk of biochemical recurrence in surgically treated prostate cancer patients, but none of the studies have assessed its association with disease-specific mortality.
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.2013 Dec;22(12):2354-63. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0668. Epub 2013 Oct 15.
BACKGROUND: Overexpression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in tumor tissue and serum has been linked to increased risk of biochemical recurrence in surgically treated prostate cancer patients, but none of the studies have assessed its association with disease-specific mortality.METHODS:
PMID 24130224

Slippery substrates impair ATP-dependent protease function by slowing unfolding.

Kraut DA.Author information From the Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085.AbstractATP-dependent proteases are responsible for most energy-dependent protein degradation across all species. Proteases initially bind an unstructured region on a substrate and then translocate along the polypeptide chain, unfolding and degrading protein domains as they are encountered. Although this process is normally processive, resulting in the complete degradation of substrate proteins to small peptides, some substrates are released prematurely. Regions of low sequence complexity within the substrate such as the glycine-rich region (GRR) from p105 or glycine-alanine repeats (GAr) from the EBNA1 (Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1) protein, can trigger partial degradation and fragment release. Loss of processivity could be due to inability to hold on to the substrate (faster release) or inability to unfold and degrade a substrate domain (slower unfolding). I previously showed that the GRR slows domain unfolding by the proteasome (Kraut, D. A., Israeli, E., Schrader, E. K., Patil, A., Nakai, K., Nanavati, D., Inobe, T., and Matouschek, A. (2012) ACS Chem. Biol. 7, 1444-1453). In contrast, a recently published study concluded that GArs increase the rate of substrate release from ClpXP, a bacterial ATP-dependent protease (Too, P. H., Erales, J., Simen, J. D., Marjanovic, A., and Coffino, P. (2013) J. Biol. Chem. 288, 13243-13257). Here, I show that these apparently contradictory results can be reconciled through a reanalysis of the ClpXP GAr data. This reanalysis shows that, as with the proteasome, low complexity sequences in substrates slow their unfolding and degradation by ClpXP, with little effect on release rates. Thus, despite their evolutionary distance and limited sequence identity, both ClpXP and the proteasome share a common mechanism by which substrate sequences regulate the processivity of degradation.
The Journal of biological chemistry.J Biol Chem.2013 Nov 29;288(48):34729-35. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.512533. Epub 2013 Oct 22.
ATP-dependent proteases are responsible for most energy-dependent protein degradation across all species. Proteases initially bind an unstructured region on a substrate and then translocate along the polypeptide chain, unfolding and degrading protein domains as they are encountered. Although this pr
PMID 24151080

Japanese Journal

Chronological changes in the liver after temporary partial portal venous occlusion

Hamasaki Koji,Eguchi Susumu,Soyama Akihiko,Hidaka Masaaki,Takatsuki Mitsuhisa,Fujita Fumihiko,Kanetaka Kengo,Minami Shigeki,Kuroki Tamotsu
World Journal of Gastroenterology 19(34), 5700-5705, 2013-09-14
… However, the proliferating-cell nuclear antigen labeling index also increased at 48 h after reperfusion, and a repair mechanism was observed. …
NAID 120005343842

肝細胞癌と鑑別が困難であったreactive lymphoid hyperplasiaの1例

山本健太,熊田卓,桐山勢生,谷川誠,久永康宏,豊田秀徳,金森明,多田俊史,北畠秀介,長谷川綾平,伊藤隆徳,安藤祐資,颯田祐介,田中達也,曽根康博,福里利夫
肝臓 54(11), 755-764, 2013
71歳女性．平成23年黒色便を主訴に受診し，食道静脈瘤破裂と診断し内視鏡的静脈瘤結紮術を施行した．その後肝腫瘤を認め精査目的で入院した．USで腫瘤は描出できず，CTAPで低吸収域，CTHAで早期濃染される境界明瞭な腫瘤として描出された．しかしCTHA造影後期相でコロナ濃染を認めず，EOB造影MRI検査肝細胞相でも腫瘤が典型的な肝細胞癌ほど低信号を示さなかったためSingle level dynam …
NAID 130003384485

A Solitary Mixed Squamous Cell and Glandular Papilloma of the Lung

Kozu Yoshiki,Maniwa Tomohiro,Ohde Yasuhisa,Nakajima Takashi
Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2013
… We performed right middle lobectomy and combined partial resection of the S8 segment. … Thyroid transcription factor-1 and carcinoembryonic antigen were negative on immunostaining. …
NAID 130003377932