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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/28 23:03:41」(JST)

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Pamoic acid, also called embonic acid, is a naphthoic acid derivative. Salts and esters of pamoic acid are known as pamoates or embonates. It can be prepared by the reaction of 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid with formaldehyde. In pharmacology, the salt form of pamoic acid (pamoate ion) can be used as a counter ion of a drug compound to increase the solubility of the drug in water.^[3] The presence of multiple oxygen atoms enables significant hydrogen bonding to occur. Hydrogen bonds facilitate the dissolution of compounds in water.

It was demonstrated that pamoic acid has agonist activity for the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR35 by which it activates ERK and beta-arrestin2, and causes antinociceptive activity.^{[citation needed]} Although (like other drug salts) it has been considered an inactive compound by the FDA, these recent data suggest that its use may be reexamined.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Merck Index, 12th Edition, 7136.
^ Zhao, P.; Sharir, H.; Kapur, A.; Cowan, A.; Geller, E. B.; Adler, M. W.; Seltzman, H. H.; Reggio, P. H. et al. (2010). "Targeting of the Orphan Receptor GPR35 by Pamoic Acid: A Potent Activator of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and -Arrestin2 with Antinociceptive Activity". Molecular Pharmacology 78 (4): 560–8. doi:10.1124/mol.110.066746. PMC 2981393. PMID 20826425.
^ Saesmaa, T; Tötterman, AM (1990). "Dissolution studies on ampicillin embonate and amoxycillin embonate". Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 8 (1): 61–5. doi:10.1016/0731-7085(90)80007-c. PMID 2102266.

External links

Neubig, Richard R (2010). "Mind your salts: when the inactive constituent isn't". Molecular Pharmacology 78 (4): 558–9. doi:10.1124/mol.110.067645. PMID 20651116.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 回虫症 ascariasis
2. Mass drug administration for control of parasitic infections
3. 蟯虫症および鞭虫症 enterobiasis pinworm and trichuriasis whipworm
4. 鉤虫感染 hookworm infection
5. その他の線虫 miscellaneous nematodes

English Journal

Hierarchical model for evaluating pyrantel efficacy against strongyle parasites in horses.

Nielsen MK, Vidyashankar AN, Hanlon BM, Diao G, Petersen SL, Kaplan RM.SourceM.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. Electronic address: martin.nielsen@uky.edu.
Veterinary parasitology.Vet Parasitol.2013 Nov 8;197(3-4):614-22. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.04.036. Epub 2013 Apr 26.
Anthelmintic resistance is an increasing challenge for the control of equine parasites. The fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) is the practical gold standard method for evaluating reduction in anthelmintic efficacy, but the interpretation is complicated due to high levels of variability. A hiera
PMID 23680542

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage triggered by hydroxyzine pamoate.

Matano F, Murai Y, Adachi K, Koketsu K, Kitamura T, Teramoto A, Okubo S, Katayama Y, Sekine T, Takagi R, Kumita S.SourceDepartment of Neurosurgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: shunchan.ryouchan@gmail.com.
Clinical neurology and neurosurgery.Clin Neurol Neurosurg.2013 Oct;115(10):2189-91. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.05.022. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
PMID 23769656

Adverse effects associated with second-generation antipsychotic long-acting injection treatment: a comprehensive systematic review.

Gentile S.SourceDepartment of Mental Health, ASL Salerno, Mental Health Center no. 63, Cava de' Tirreni, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Medical School "Federico II", University of Naples, Italy.
Pharmacotherapy.Pharmacotherapy.2013 Oct;33(10):1087-106. doi: 10.1002/phar.1313. Epub 2013 Jun 17.
As second-generation antipsychotic long-acting injections (SGA-LAIs) are rapidly replacing depot first-generation antipsychotics as first-line agents in treating schizophrenia spectrum disorders, a systematic assessment of their adverse effects is timely. English-language, peer-reviewed articles rep
PMID 23776129

Japanese Journal

An anticancer agent, pyrvinium pamoate inhibits the NADH-fumarate reductase system : a unique mitochondrial energy metabolism in tumour microenvironments

Tomitsuka Eriko,Kita Kiyoshi,Esumi Hiroyasu
Journal of Biochemistry 152(2), 171-183, 2012-08-00
NAID 40019378119

パモ酸ピランテルで駆虫に失敗しアルベンダゾールが奏功した日本人若年成人蟯虫症の1例

大西健児,小林謙一郎,岩渕千太郎 [他],中村内山ふくみ
感染症学雑誌 : 日本伝染病学会機関誌 : the journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 85(5), 520-522, 2011-09-20
NAID 10030236221

駆虫剤の経皮経肝的胆嚢内注入が有用であった胆嚢内回虫迷入症の1例

生田修三,水口泰宏,辻雄一郎,塚本咲貴子,大場信之,西中川秀太,児島辰也
日本消化器病學會雜誌 = The Japanese journal of gastro-enterology 107(5), 768-774, 2010-05-05
症例は40歳代男性．主訴は上腹部痛．頻回の海外渡航歴があった．腹部超音波検査上inner tube signを認めたため，胆嚢内回虫迷入症と診断した．駆虫剤の経皮経肝的胆嚢内注入により死虫となり，その後排泄された．本治療法は手術療法と比べ非侵襲的であり，有用な駆虫療法になり得る．回虫症は，有機栽培や海外渡航の増加により再燃傾向にあるため，上腹部痛の鑑別疾患として本症を念頭に置く必要がある．
NAID 10026417478

「パモ酸」

Pamoic acid^[1]^[2]
Names
	IUPAC name 4-[(3-Carboxy-2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid
	Other names Embonic acid
Identifiers
Beilstein Reference	901319
CAS Registry Number	130-85-8
ChEBI	CHEBI:50186
ChEMBL	ChEMBL177880
ChemSpider	8228
EC number	204-998-0
	InChI InChI=1S/C23H16O6/c24-20-16(14-7-3-1-5-12(14)9-18(20)22(26)27)11-17-15-8-4-2-6-13(15)10-19(21(17)25)23(28)29/h1-10,24-25H,11H2,(H,26,27)(H,28,29) ; Key: WLJNZVDCPSBLRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
Jmol-3D images	Image; Image
MeSH	Pamoic+acid
PubChem	8546
RTECS number	QL2180000
	SMILES OC(=O)C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C(CC2=C(O)C(=CC3=CC=CC=C23)C(O)=O)=C1O ; C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=C(C(=C2CC3=C(C(=CC4=CC=CC=C43)C(=O)O)O)O)C(=O)O ;
UNII	7RRQ8QZ38N
Properties
Molecular formula	C23H16O6
Molar mass	388.37 g·mol−1
Melting point	≥300 °C
log P	6.169
Acidity (pKa)	2.675
Hazards
Main hazards	Causes skin irritation; Causes serious eye irritation; May cause respiratory irritation
EU classification	Xi
R-phrases	R36/37/38
S-phrases	S26 S36
	Except where noted otherwise, data is given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
	Infobox references