WordNet

the female reproductive cell; the female gamete (同)egg_cell
throw eggs at
animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes; especially the thin-shelled reproductive body laid by e.g. female birds
oval reproductive body of a fowl (especially a hen) used as food (同)eggs
coat with beaten egg; "egg a schnitzel"
a small body that contains the female germ cell of a plant; develops into a seed after fertilization
a small or immature ovum

PrepTutorEJDIC

卵形の / 長円形の / 〈C〉卵形(長円形)のもの
卵,卵子
『卵』,卵細胞 / 鳥の卵;(特に)鶏卵 / 《英話》《形容詞を伴って》(…な)やつ / 《俗》爆弾,手投げ弾
〈人〉‘を'扇動(激励)する;〈人〉‘を'そそのかして…させる《+『名』+『on to』 do》
胚珠(はいしゅ)
ovumの複数形

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/19 21:03:07」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Oval (disambiguation).

An oval (from Latin ovum, "egg") is a closed curve in a plane which "loosely" resembles the outline of an egg. The term is not very specific, but in some areas (projective geometry, technical drawing, etc.) it is given a more precise definition. In common English, the term is used in a broader sense; any shape which reminds one of an egg. The 3-dimensional version of an oval is called an ovoid.

Oval in geometry

This oval, with only one axis of symmetry, resembles a chicken egg.

The term oval when used to describe curves in geometry is not well-defined, except in the context of projective geometry. Many distinct curves are commonly called ovals or are said to have an "oval shape". Generally, to be called an oval, a plane curve should resemble the outline of an egg or an ellipse. In particular, the common traits that these curves have are:

they are differentiable (smooth-looking),^[1] simple (not self-intersecting), convex, closed, plane curves;
their shape does not depart much from that of an ellipse, and
there is at least one axis of symmetry.

Examples of ovals described elsewhere include:

Cassini ovals
elliptic curves
superellipse
Cartesian oval

An ovoid is the 3-dimensional surface generated by rotating an oval curve about one of its axes of symmetry. The word ovoidal refers to the characteristic of being an ovoid and is often used as a synonym for "egg shaped".

Projective geometry

A chicken egg is a naturally occurring ovoid

In the theory of projective planes, oval is used to mean a set of n + 1 points in a projective plane of order n, with no three on a common line (no three points are collinear). See oval (projective plane).

An ovoid in the finite projective geometry PG(3,q), is a set of q² + 1 points such that no three points are collinear. At each point of an ovoid all the tangent lines to the ovoid lie in a single plane.

Egg shape

The shape of an egg is approximately half of each prolate (long) and is a roughly spherical (potentially even slightly oblate/short) ellipsoid joined at the equator, sharing a principal axis of rotational symmetry, as illustrated above. Although the term egg-shaped usually implies a lack of reflection symmetry across the equatorial plane, it may also refer to true prolate ellipsoids. It can also be used to describe the 2-dimensional figure that, revolved around its major axis, produces the 3-dimensional surface. Refer to the following equation for an approximation of a 3D egg where the letter "a" represents any positive constant:

Technical drawing

An oval with two axes of symmetry constructed from four arcs (top), and comparison of blue oval and red ellipse with the same dimensions of short and long axes (bottom).

In technical drawing, an oval is a figure constructed from two pairs of arcs, with two different radii (see image on the right). The arcs are joined at a point, in which lines tangential to both joining arcs lie on the same line, thus making the joint smooth. Any point of an oval belongs to an arc with a constant radius (shorter or longer), whereas in an ellipse the radius is continuously changing.

In common English

In common speech "oval" means a shape rather like an egg or an ellipse, which may be two-dimensional or three-dimensional. It also often refers to a figure that resembles two semicircles joined by a rectangle, like a cricket infield or oval racing track. This is more correctly, although archaically, described as oblong.^[2] Sometimes it can even refer to any rectangle with rounded corners.

The shape lends its name to many well-known places (see Oval (disambiguation)).

Notes

^ When this property makes sense, i.e. when on a differentiable manifold. In more general settings one might only require that there exist a unique tangent line at each point of the curve.
^ "Oblong". Oxford English Dictionary. 1933. "A adj. 1. Elongated in one direction (usually as a deviation from an exact square or circular form): having the chief axis considerably longer than the transverse diameter"

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Global phylogenetic structure of the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole reveals the repeated evolution of macroecological patterns.

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A novel method for co-culture with Müller cells and microglia in rat retina in vitro.

Li L, Qu C, Wang F.
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Effectiveness of rotatory and reciprocating movements in root canal filling material removal.

Silva EJ1, Orlowsky NB2, Herrera DR3, Machado R4, Krebs RL2, Coutinho-Filho Tde S2.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of reciprocating and rotary techniques for removing gutta-percha and sealer from root canals. Forty straight and oval single-rooted premolars were prepared up to size 30, filled with gutta-percha and sealer, and then randomly allocated to two exp
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Japanese Journal

Bone Augmentation Using Novel Unidirectional Porous Hydroxyapatite with Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 on Rat Skull

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Journal of hard tissue biology 22(3), 337-341, 2013-07-00
… Unidirectional porous hydroxyapatite (UDPHAp) is a material whose microstructure consists of cross-sectional oval pores with a pore diameter in the range of 100-300 mu m that penetrate through the material. …
NAID 120005326750

Leading Wave Crystallization Induced by Micro-Thermal-Plasma-Jet Irradiation of Amorphous Silicon Films

Hayashi Shohei,Fujita Yuji,Kamikura Takahiro,Sakaike Kohei,Akazawa Muneki,Ikeda Mitsuhisa,Higashi Seiichiro
Jpn J Appl Phys 52(5), 05EE02-05EE02-6, 2013-05-25
… An oval-shaped molten region (MR) was formed after the solid phase crystallization (SPC), and it was clearly observed that laterally large grains grew perpendicular to the liquid--solid interface. …
NAID 150000106944

Monoclonal antibodies against large oval aggregates of Aβ_<1-42>(BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING)

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Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 115(2), 216-220, 2013-02-00
… Here, we generated large oval aggregates (LOA) 369±81 nm and 224 ±92 nm in size on their major and minor axes, respectively, as measured by tapping-mode atomic force microscopy. …
NAID 110009592574

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「egg」「ovule」
拡張検索	「isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase」「covalency」「noncovalent bond」「cyst removal」「leukoblast removal therapy」
関連記事	「ova」