WordNet

an encapsulated neural structure consisting of a collection of cell bodies or neurons
of or relating to near the ear (同)auricular

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神経節・ガングリオン，結節腫《主に手首にできる良性の嚢腫(のうしゆ)》・〔知的･産業的活動の〕中心，中枢〔of〕

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/14 02:05:10」(JST)

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The otic ganglion is a small parasympathetic ganglion located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa and on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve. It is functionally associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve and innervates the parotid gland for salivation.

It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. The others are the ciliary ganglion, the submandibular ganglion and the pterygopalatine ganglion.

Structure and Relations

The otic ganglion is a small (2-3 mm), oval shaped, flattened parasympathetic ganglion of a reddish-gray color, located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa and on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve.

It is in relation, laterally, with the trunk of the mandibular nerve at the point where the motor and sensory roots join; medially, with the cartilaginous part of the auditory tube , and the origin of the tensor veli palatini; posteriorly, with the middle meningeal artery. It surrounds the origin of the nerve to the medial pterygoid.

Connections

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibres originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve. They leave the glossopharngeal nerve by its tympanic branch and then pass via the tympanic plexus and the lesser petrosal nerve to the otic ganglion. Here, the fibres synapse, and the postganglionic fibers pass by communicating branches to the auriculotemporal nerve, which conveys them to the parotid gland. They produce vasodilator and secretomotor effects.

Its sympathetic root is derived from the plexus on the middle meningeal artery. It contains post-ganglionic fibers arising in the superior cervical ganglion. The fibers pass through the ganglion without relay and reach the parotid gland via the auriculotemporal nerve. They are vasomotor in function.

The sensory root comes from the auriculotemporal nerve and is sensory to the parotid gland.

The motor fibers supplying the medial pterygoid and the tensor palati and the tensor tympani pass through the ganglion without relay.

The ganglion is connected to the chorda tympani nerve and also to the nerve of the pterygoid canal. These pathways provide an alternate pathway of taste from the anterior two thirds of the tongue. These fibers do not pass through the middle ear.

Clinical significance

Frey's syndrome in which salivation will induce perspiration at the parotid region, accompanied by erythema.

Additional images

Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.
Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

Shimizu T (1994). "Distribution and pathway of the cerebrovascular nerve fibers from the otic ganglion in the rat: anterograde tracing study". J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 49 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1016/0165-1838(94)90019-1. PMID 7525688.

External links

cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (V, IX)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Anatomical expression patterns of delta-protocadherins in developing chicken cochlea.

Lin J, Yan X, Wang C, Guo Z, Rolfs A, Luo J.SourceKey Laboratory for medical tissue regeneration of Henan province, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Institute of Anatomy I, School of Medicine University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
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The delta-protocadherin (δ-Pcdh) family of transmembrane proteins belongs to the cadherin superfamily, which is involved in embryogenesis mediated by a homophilic binding during the embryonic development. In the present study, expression patterns of eight members of the δ-Pcdh family were investig
PMID 22998331

Japanese Journal

Newly identified thin membranous tissue in the deep infratemporal region

Anatomical science international 87(3), 136-140, 2012-09-01
NAID 10031167930

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臨床神経学 52(11), 819-824, 2012
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Parasympathetic Vasodilator Fibers in Masseter Muscle

Journal of oral biosciences 49(3), 163-172, 2007-08-20
NAID 10027102689

「耳神経節」

Otic ganglion
	Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve, seen from the middle line. The small figure is an enlarged view of the otic ganglion.
	The otic ganglion and its branches.
Details
Latin	ganglion oticum
From	lesser petrosal nerve
Innervates	parotid gland
Identifiers
Gray's	p.897
Dorlands; /Elsevier	g_02/12384730
TA	A14.3.02.014
FMA	6967
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy