WordNet
- amide combining the amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyl group of another; usually obtained by partial hydrolysis of protein
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2017/12/22 16:35:09」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide |
Identifiers |
Symbol |
Opiods_neuropep |
Pfam |
PF01160 |
InterPro |
IPR006024 |
PROSITE |
PDOC00964 |
Available protein structures: |
Pfam |
structures |
PDB |
RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj |
PDBsum |
structure summary |
|
Structural correlation between met-enkephalin, an opioid peptide,
(left) and morphine, an opiate drug,
(right)
Opioid peptides are peptides that bind to opioid receptors in the brain; opiates and opioids mimic the effect of these peptides. Such peptides may be produced by the body itself, for example endorphins. The effects of these peptides vary, but they all resemble those of opiates. Brain opioid peptide systems are known to play an important role in motivation, emotion, attachment behaviour, the response to stress and pain, and the control of food intake.
Opioid-like peptides may also be absorbed from partially digested food (casomorphins, exorphins, and rubiscolins). The opioid food peptides have lengths of typically 4–8 amino acids. The body's own opioids are generally much longer.
Opioid peptides are released by post-translational proteolytic cleavage of precursor proteins. The precursors consist of the following components: a signal sequence that precedes a conserved region of about 50 residues; a variable-length region; and the sequence of the neuropeptides themselves. Sequence analysis reveals that the conserved N-terminal region of the precursors contains 6 cysteines, which are probably involved in disulfide bond formation. It is speculated that this region might be important for neuropeptide processing.[1]
Contents
- 1 Endogenous opioids produced in the body
- 2 Opioid food peptides
- 3 Amphibian opioid peptides
- 4 Synthetic opioid peptides
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Endogenous opioids produced in the body
The human genome contains several homologous genes that are known to code for endogenous opioid peptides.
- The nucleotide sequence of the human gene for proopiomelanocortin (POMC) was characterized in 1980.[2] The POMC gene codes for endogenous opioids such as β-endorphin and γ-endorphin.[3]
- The human gene for the enkephalins was isolated and its sequence described in 1982.[4]
- The human gene for dynorphins (originally called the "Enkephalin B" gene because of sequence similarity to the enkephalin gene) was isolated and its sequence described in 1983.[5]
- The PNOC gene encoding prepronociceptin, which is cleaved into nociceptin and potentially two additional neuropeptides.[1]
- Adrenorphin, amidorphin, and leumorphin were discovered in the 1980s.
- The endomorphins were discovered in the 1990s.
- Opiorphin and spinorphin, enkephalinase inhibitors (i.e., prevent the metabolism of enkephalins).
- Hemorphins, hemoglobin-derived opioid peptides, including hemorphin-4, valorphin, and spinorphin, among others.
While not peptides, codeine and morphine are also produced in the human body.[6]
|
This table is incomplete. (September 2017)
|
Endogenous opioid peptides and their receptors
Opioid peptide |
Amino acid sequence |
Opioid receptor target(s) |
References |
Enkephalins |
|
Leu-enkephalin |
YGGFL |
δ-opioid receptor, μ-opioid receptor |
[7][8] |
Met-enkephalin |
YGGFM |
μ-opioid receptor, δ-opioid receptor |
[7][8] |
Metorphamide |
YGGFMRRV-NH2 |
δ-opioid receptor, μ-opioid receptor |
[7] |
Peptide E |
YGGFMRRVGRPEWWMDYQKRYGGFL |
μ-opioid receptor, κ-opioid receptor |
[7] |
Endorphins |
|
α-Endorphin |
YGGFMTSEKSQTPLVT |
μ-opioid receptor, unknown affinity for other opioid receptors |
[7] |
β-Endorphin |
YGGFMTSEKSQTPLVTLFKNAIIKNAYKKGE |
μ-opioid receptor, δ-opioid receptor |
[7][8] |
γ-Endorphin |
YGGFMTSEKSQTPLVTL |
μ-opioid receptor, unknown affinity for other opioid receptors |
[7] |
Dynorphins |
|
Dynorphin A |
YGGFLRRIRPKLKWDNQ |
κ-opioid receptor |
[7][8] |
Dynorphin A1–8 |
YGGFLRRI |
κ-opioid receptor, μ-opioid receptor (partial agonist at δ-opioid receptor) |
[9][10] |
Dynorphin B |
YGGFLRRQFKVVT |
κ-opioid receptor |
[7][8] |
Big dynorphin |
YGGFLRRIRPKLKWDNQKRYGGFLRRQFKVVT |
κ-opioid receptor |
[11][12] |
α-Neoendorphin |
YGGFLRKYPK |
κ-opioid receptor |
[7][8] |
β-Neoendorphin |
YGGFLRKYP |
κ-opioid receptor |
[7] |
Nociceptin |
|
Nociceptin |
FGGFTGARKSARKLANQ |
nociceptin receptor |
[7][8] |
Endomorphins |
|
Endomorphin-1 |
YPWF-NH2 |
μ-opioid receptor |
[7][8] |
Endomorphin-2 |
YPFF-NH2 |
μ-opioid receptor |
[7][8] |
Dermal peptides |
|
Dermorphin |
YaFGYPS-NH2 |
μ-opioid receptor |
[7] |
Deltorphin A |
YmFHLMD |
δ-opioid receptor |
[7] |
Deltorphin C |
YaFDVVG-NH2 |
δ-opioid receptor |
[7] |
Opioid food peptides
- Casomorphin (from casein found in milk of mammals, including cows)
- Gluten exorphin (from gluten found in wheat, rye, barley)
- Gliadorphin/gluteomorphin (from gluten found in wheat, rye, barley)
- Soymorphin-5 (from soybean)
- Rubiscolin (from spinach)
Amphibian opioid peptides
- Deltorphin
- Deltorphin I
- Deltorphin II
- Dermorphin
Synthetic opioid peptides
- Zyklophin – semisynthetic KOR antagonist derived from dynorphin A
References
- ^ a b Mollereau C, Simons MJ, Soularue P, Liners F, Vassart G, Meunier JC, Parmentier M (August 1996). "Structure, tissue distribution, and chromosomal localization of the prepronociceptin gene". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (16): 8666–70. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.16.8666. PMC 38730 . PMID 8710928.
- ^ Chang AC, Cochet M, Cohen SN (August 1980). "Structural organization of human genomic DNA encoding the pro-opiomelanocortin peptide". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77 (8): 4890–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.77.8.4890. PMC 349954 . PMID 6254047.
- ^ Ling N, Burgus R, Guillemin R (November 1976). "Isolation, primary structure, and synthesis of alpha-endorphin and gamma-endorphin, two peptides of hypothalamic-hypophysial origin with morphinomimetic activity". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73 (11): 3942–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.73.11.3942. PMC 431275 . PMID 1069261.
- ^ Noda M, Teranishi Y, Takahashi H, Toyosato M, Notake M, Nakanishi S, Numa S (June 1982). "Isolation and structural organization of the human preproenkephalin gene". Nature. 297 (5865): 431–4. doi:10.1038/297431a0. PMID 6281660.
- ^ Horikawa S, Takai T, Toyosato M, Takahashi H, Noda M, Kakidani H, et al. (Dec 1983). "Isolation and structural organization of the human preproenkephalin B gene". Nature. 306 (5943): 611–4. doi:10.1038/306611a0. PMID 6316163.
- ^ Stefano GB, Ptáček R, Kuželová H, Kream RM (2012). "Endogenous morphine: up-to-date review 2011" (PDF). Folia Biol. (Praha). 58 (2): 49–56. PMID 22578954.
Positive evolutionary pressure has apparently preserved the ability to synthesize chemically authentic morphine, albeit in homeopathic concentrations, throughout animal phyla. ... The apparently serendipitous finding of an opiate alkaloid-sensitive, opioid peptide-insensitive, µ3 opiate receptor subtype expressed by invertebrate immunocytes, human blood monocytes, macrophage cell lines, and human blood granulocytes provided compelling validating evidence for an autonomous role of endogenous morphine as a biologically important cellular signalling molecule (Stefano et al., 1993; Cruciani et al., 1994; Stefano and Scharrer, 1994; Makman et al., 1995). ... Human white blood cells have the ability to make and release morphine
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Li Y, Lefever MR, Muthu D, Bidlack JM, Bilsky EJ, Polt R (February 2012). "Opioid glycopeptide analgesics derived from endogenous enkephalins and endorphins". Future Medicinal Chemistry. 4 (2): 205–226. doi:10.4155/fmc.11.195. PMC 3306179 . PMID 22300099.
Table 1: Endogenous opioid peptides
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Toll L, Caló G, Cox BM, Chavkin C, Christie MJ, Civelli O, Connor M, Devi LA, Evans C, Henderson G, Höllt V, Kieffer B, Kitchen I, Kreek MJ, Liu-Chen LY, Meunier JC, Portoghese PS, Shippenberg TS, Simon EJ, Traynor JR, Ueda H, Wong YH (10 August 2015). "Opioid receptors: Introduction". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
- ^ "Dynorphin A 1-8". HMDB Version 4.0. Human Metabolome Database. 27 September 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
Dynorphin A (1-8) is a fraction of Dynorphin A with only Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ile peptide chain.
- ^ "Dynorphin A-(1-8): Biological activity". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
Principal endogenous agonists at κ receptor
- ^ "Big dynorphin: Biological activity". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
Principal endogenous agonists at κ receptor
- ^ "Big dynorphin: Structure – Peptide Sequence". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
Peptide sequence
YGGFLRRIRPKLKWDNQKRYGGFLRRQFKVVT
External links
- Opioid Peptides at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Peptides: neuropeptides
|
Hormones |
see hormones
|
Opioid peptides |
Dynorphins |
- Dynorphin A
- Dynorphin B
- Big dynorphin
- α-Neoendorphin
- β-Neoendorphin
|
Endomorphins |
- Endomorphin-1
- Endomorphin-2
|
Endorphins |
- α-Endorphin
- β-Endorphin
- γ-Endorphin
|
Enkephalins |
- Met-enkephalin
- Leu-enkephalin
|
Others |
- Adrenorphin
- Amidorphin
- Hemorphin
- Nociceptin
- Opiorphin
- Spinorphin
- Valorphin
|
|
Other
neuropeptides |
Kinins |
- Bradykinins
- Tachykinins: mammal
- Substance P
- Neurokinin A
- Neurokinin B
- amphibian
|
Neuromedins |
|
Orexins |
|
Other |
- Angiotensin
- Bombesin
- Calcitonin gene-related peptide
- Carnosine
- Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript
- Delta sleep-inducing peptide
- FMRFamide
- Galanin
- Galanin-like peptide
- Gastrin releasing peptide
- Ghrelin
- Neuropeptide AF
- Neuropeptide FF
- Neuropeptide SF
- Neuropeptide VF
- Neuropeptide S
- Neuropeptide Y
- Neurophysins
- Neurotensin
- Pancreatic polypeptide
- Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide
- RVD-Hpα
- VGF
|
|
Opioid receptor modulators
|
MOR |
|
DOR |
|
KOR |
- Agonists: 3CS-nalmefene
- 6'-GNTI
- 8-CAC
- 18-MC
- 14-Methoxymetopon
- β-Chlornaltrexamine
- β-Funaltrexamine
- Adrenorphin (metorphamide)
- Akuuamicine
- Alazocine (SKF-10047)
- Allomatrine
- Apadoline
- Asimadoline
- BAM-12P
- BAM-18P
- BAM-22P
- Big dynorphin
- Bremazocine
- BRL-52537
- Butorphan
- Butorphanol
- BW-373U86
- Cebranopadol
- Ciprefadol
- CR665
- Cyclazocine
- Cyclorphan
- Cyprenorphine
- Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
- Diamorphine (heroin)
- Diacetylnalorphine
- Difelikefalin
- Dihydroetorphine
- Dihydromorphine
- Diprenorphine
- Dynorphin A
- Dynorphin B (rimorphin)
- Eluxadoline
- Enadoline
- Eptazocine
- Erinacine E
- Ethylketazocine
- Etorphine
- Fedotozine
- Fentanyl
- Gemazocine
- GR-89696
- GR-103545
- Hemorphin-4
- Herkinorin
- HS665
- Hydromorphone
- HZ-2
- Ibogaine
- ICI-199,441
- ICI-204,448
- Ketamine
- Ketazocine
- Laudanosine
- Leumorphin (dynorphin B-29)
- Levallorphan
- Levomethorphan
- Levorphanol
- Lexanopadol
- Lofentanil
- LPK-26
- Lufuradom
- Matrine
- MB-1C-OH
- Menthol
- Metazocine
- Metkefamide
- Mianserin
- Mirtazapine
- Morphine
- Moxazocine
- MR-2034
- N-MPPP
- Nalbuphine
- Nalbuphine sebacate
- NalBzOH
- Nalfurafine
- Nalmefene
- Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)
- Nalorphine
- Naltriben
- Niravoline
- Norbuprenorphine
- Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide
- Noribogaine
- Norketamine
- Oripavine
- Oxilorphan
- Oxycodone
- Pentazocine
- Pethidine (meperidine)
- Phenazocine
- Proxorphan
- Racemethorphan
- Racemorphan
- RB-64
- Salvinorin A (salvia)
- Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether
- Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether
- Samidorphan
- Spiradoline (U-62,066)
- TH-030418
- Thienorphine
- Tifluadom
- Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, desipramine, imipramine, nortriptyline)
- U-50,488
- U-54,494A
- U-69,593
- Xorphanol
- Antagonists: 4′-Hydroxyflavanone
- 4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
- 5'-GNTI
- 6'-GNTI
- 6β-Naltrexol
- 6β-Naltrexol-d4
- β-Chlornaltrexamine
- Buprenorphine/samidorphan
- Amentoflavone
- ANTI
- Apigenin
- Arodyne
- AT-076
- Axelopran
- AZ-MTAB
- Binaltorphimine
- BU09059
- Buprenorphine
- Catechin
- Catechin gallate
- CERC-501 (LY-2456302)
- Clocinnamox
- Cyclofoxy
- Dezocine
- DIPPA
- EGC
- ECG
- Epicatechin
- Hyperoside
- JDTic
- LY-255582
- LY-2196044
- LY-2444296
- LY-2459989
- LY-2795050
- MeJDTic
- Methylnaltrexone
- ML190
- ML350
- MR-2266
- N-Fluoropropyl-JDTic
- Naloxone
- Naltrexone
- Naltrindole
- Naringenin
- Norbinaltorphimine
- Noribogaine
- Pawhuskin A
- PF-4455242
- RB-64
- Quadazocine
- Taxifolin
- UPHIT
- Zyklophin
- Unknown/unsorted: Akuammicine
- Akuammine
- Coronaridine
- Cyproterone acetate
- Dihydroakuuamine
- Ibogamine
- Tabernanthine
|
NOP |
- Agonists: (Arg14,Lys15)Nociceptin
- ((pF)Phe4)Nociceptin(1-13)NH2
- (Phe1Ψ(CH2-NH)Gly2)Nociceptin(1-13)NH2
- Ac-RYYRWK-NH2
- Ac-RYYRIK-NH2
- BU08070
- Buprenorphine
- Cebranopadol
- Dihydroetorphine
- Etorphine
- JNJ-19385899
- Levomethorphan
- Levorphanol
- Levorphanol
- Lexanopadol
- MCOPPB
- MT-7716
- NNC 63-0532
- Nociceptin (orphanin FQ)
- Nociceptin (1-11)
- Nociceptin (1-13)NH2
- Norbuprenorphine
- Racemethorphan
- Racemorphan
- Ro64-6198
- Ro65-6570
- SCH-221510
- SCH-486757
- SR-8993
- SR-16435
- TH-030418
- Antagonists: (Nphe1)Nociceptin(1-13)NH2
- AT-076
- BAN-ORL-24
- J-113397
- JTC-801
- LY-2940094
- NalBzOH
- Nociceptin (1-7)
- Nocistatin
- SB-612111
- SR-16430
- Thienorphine
- Trap-101
- UFP-101
|
Unsorted |
- β-Casomorphins
- Amidorphin
- BAM-20P
- Cytochrophin-4
- Deprolorphin
- Gliadorphin (gluteomorphin)
- Gluten exorphins
- Hemorphins
- Kava constituents
- MEAGL
- MEAP
- NEM
- Neoendorphins
- Nepetalactone (catnip)
- Peptide B
- Peptide E
- Peptide F
- Peptide I
- Rubiscolins
- Soymorphins
|
Others |
- Enkephalinase inhibitors: Amastatin
- BL-2401
- Candoxatril
- D -Phenylalanine
- Dexecadotril (retorphan)
- Ecadotril (sinorphan)
- Kelatorphan
- Racecadotril (acetorphan)
- RB-101
- RB-120
- RB-3007
- Opiorphan
- Selank
- Semax
- Spinorphin
- Thiorphan
- Tynorphin
- Ubenimex (bestatin)
- Propeptides: β-Lipotropin (proendorphin)
- Prodynorphin
- Proenkephalin
- Pronociceptin
- Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
- Others: Kyotorphin (met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer)
|
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Signaling peptide/protein receptor modulators
|
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR006024
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Transepithelial transport of milk derived bioactive peptide VLPVPQK.
- Vij R1, Reddi S2, Kapila S3, Kapila R4.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Jan 1;190:681-8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.121. Epub 2015 Jun 6.
- The transepithelial transport of an antioxidative and ACE inhibitory peptide, VLPVPQK (named peptide C) derived from casein hydrolysates was investigated along with extensively studied opioid peptide β-casomorphin using a human intestinal cell (Caco-2) monolayer. The susceptibility to the brush-bor
- PMID 26213026
- Regulation of nonsmall-cell lung cancer stem cell like cells by neurotransmitters and opioid peptides.
- Banerjee J1, Papu John AM1, Schuller HM1.
- International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2015 Dec 15;137(12):2815-24. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29646. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
- Nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading type of lung cancer and has a poor prognosis. We have shown that chronic stress promoted NSCLC xenografts in mice via stress neurotransmitter-activated cAMP signaling downstream of beta-adrenergic receptors and incidental beta-blocker therapy was repo
- PMID 26088878
- The Epigenetic Regulation of the Opioid System: New Individualized Prompt Prevention and Treatment Strategies.
- Muñoa I1, Urizar I1, Casis L1, Irazusta J1, Subirán N1.
- Journal of cellular biochemistry.J Cell Biochem.2015 Nov;116(11):2419-26. doi: 10.1002/jcb.25222.
- The most well-known physiological effect associated with opiod system is their efficacy in pain reduction or analgesia, although their effect on a variety of other physiological and physiophological functions has become apparent in recent years. This review is an attempt to clarify in more detail th
- PMID 25974312
Japanese Journal
- 長鎖脂肪酸受容体G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) を介した docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) の抗侵害作用機構
- 中本 賀寿夫,西中 崇,里 尚也,万倉 三正,小山 豊,徳山 尚吾
- YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 134(3), 397-403, 2014
- … Recently, we have also demonstrated that the release of an endogenous opioid peptide, β-endorphin, plays an important role in the induction of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-induced antinociception. …
- NAID 130003391182
- Antihyperalgesic Effect of Buprenorphine Involves Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Peptide–Receptor Activation in Rats With Spinal Nerve Injury–Induced Neuropathy
- Takahashi Tomoko,Okubo Kazumasa,Kojima Shota [他],Nishikawa Hiroyuki,Takemura Motohide,Tsubota-Matsunami Maho,Sekiguchi Fumiko,Kawabata Atsufumi
- Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 122(1), 51-54, 2013
- … We evaluated the effect of buprenorphine, a mixed agonist for μ-opioid receptors and nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptors, in neuropathic rats, using the paw pressure test. … Together, buprenorphine suppresses neuropathic hyperalgesia by activating NOP and opioid receptors, suggesting its therapeutic usefulness in treatment of neuropathic pain. …
- NAID 130003362701
- Functional Analysis of a Histidine Residue Essential for Receptor Activation of Delta Opioid Receptor
- ABE Yoshinori,MATSUO Takashi,NISHIMURA Hirokazu,LI Jinglan,NOSE Takeru,COSTA Tommaso,SHIMOHIGASHI Yasuyuki
- Peptide
- NAID 10030204235
Related Links
- VOL. 21, NO. 2, 1997 135 reinforcing properties of alcohol rather than by inducing illness, as does disulfiram (Antabuse®). The second line of evidence suggesting that endogenous opioid peptides are involved in regulating alcohol ...
- Development of systemically active opioid peptides Given the importance of mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists such as morphine as analgesics, the primary focus for opioid peptide analog development has been for the ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- opioid peptide, opioid peptides
- 同
- 内因性モルヒネ様物質 endogenous morphine like substance
[★]
オピオイドペプチド
[★]
オピオイド
- 同
- opioids