WordNet
- the intensity of light falling on a photographic film or plate; "he used the wrong exposure"
- abandoning without shelter or protection (as by leaving as infant out in the open)
- presentation to view in an open or public manner; "the exposure of his anger was shocking"
- the act of exposing film to light
- the act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience; "she denounced the exposure of children to pornography"
- vulnerability to the elements; to the action of heat or cold or wind or rain; "exposure to the weather" or "they died from exposure";
- aspect resulting from the direction a building or window faces; "the studio had a northern exposure"
- the disclosure of something secret; "they feared exposure of their campaign plans"
- rub the dust over a surface so as to blur the outlines of a shape; "The artist dusted the charcoal drawing down to a faint image"
- fine powdery material such as dry earth or pollen that can be blown about in the air; "the furniture was covered with dust"
- free microscopic particles of solid material; "astronomers say that the empty space between planets actually contains measurable amounts of dust"
- cover with a light dusting of a substance; "dust the bread with flour"
- remove the dust from; "dust the cabinets"
- the period of time during which a place or position or nation is occupied; "during the German occupation of Paris"
- the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money; "hes not in my line of business" (同)business, job, line of work, line
- the control of a country by military forces of a foreign power (同)military control
- the act of occupying or taking possession of a building; "occupation of a building without a certificate of occupancy is illegal" (同)occupancy, moving in
- any activity that occupies a persons attention; "he missed the bell in his occupation with the computer game"
- make a light, metallic sound; go `ting
- a light clear metallic sound as of a small bell (同)tinkle
- cause to make a ting
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉(風雨・危険などに)『さらすこと』,『さらされること』《+『to』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(秘密などの)暴露,(犯罪などの)摘発《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(家・部屋などの)向き / 〈U〉(商品の)陳列 / 〈C〉(写真の)露出;露出時間;(フィルムの)露出された部分,一こま
- 〈U〉『ちり』,ほこり / 《a ~》土煙,砂ぼこり / 〈U〉粉末,粉 / 《the ~》《文》遺骨,なきがら / 〈U〉(死後の)土 / 〈U〉屈辱,恥 / 〈U〉つまらぬもの / …‘の'『ちりを払う』,ごみをふき取る《+『名』+『off』(『down』),+『off』(『down』)+『名』》;(…から)…‘を'払う《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / (粉などを)…‘に'振り掛ける《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (家具などの)ほこりを払う
- 〈C〉『職業』,仕事 / 〈C〉時間の使い方 / 〈U〉(…を)『占有すること』,(軍隊が)(…を)占領すること《+『of』+『名』》
- 《方向》(1)(到着の意を含めて)…『へ』,に,まで / 《状況の変化》…[のほう]へ;…に[なるまで],その結果…になる / 《適用範囲》(1)《動詞に伴って》『…に対して』,に,へ / (2)《形容詞[句]・[代]名倍に伴って》『…に対して』 / 《程度・範囲》『…[に至る]まで』 / 《時間の終り》『…まで』(till) / 《to one's+『名』の形で》(…が)『…したことに[は]』 / 《比較・対比・割合》『…と比べて』,より,に対して / 《一致・適合》『…に合わせて』,に合って,に応じて / 《目的・意図》『…のために』 / 《運命・境遇》『…に』 / 《所属・関係》『…へ』,に[対して] / 《付加・付着・固執》『…に』 / 《対立・対向》…に[対して] / いつもの状態(位置)に / 停止(閉鎖)の状態に / 活動状態に(へ),仕事に
- 《名詞的用法》『…すること』 / 《形容詞的用法》『…するための,すべき』 / 《副詞的用法》『…するために』,して,するとは,すれば / 《独立用法》 / 《文全体を修飾する慣用語句》…すれば,してみると,…だが / 短縮文
- …‘を'チリンチリナ(リンリン)と鳴らす / チリンチリン鳴る宴
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
- 1. 過敏性肺臓炎（外因性アレルギー性肺胞炎）の診断 diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis extrinsic allergic alveolitis
- 2. 職業性肺疾患のイメージング imaging of occupational lung diseases
- 3. 職業性喘息：定義、疫学、原因、および危険因子 occupational asthma definitions epidemiology causes and risk factors
- 4. 食物アレルギーにおける呼吸器の症状 respiratory manifestations of food allergy
- 5. 肺機能障害の評価 evaluation of pulmonary disability
English Journal
- Occupational exposure to solid chemical agents in biomass-fired power plants and associated health effects.
- Jumpponen M1, Rönkkömäki H2, Pasanen P3, Laitinen J4.Author information 1Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Neulaniementie 4, FI-70101 Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address: mika.jumpponen@ttl.fi.2Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland.3University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Sciences, Yliopistoranta 1, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.4Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Neulaniementie 4, FI-70101 Kuopio, Finland.AbstractOccupational exposure to aluminium, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and manganese can increase the risk of numerous neurophysiological changes in workers, and may lead to conditions resembling Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. However, although the health hazard aspect of these agents has been examined, biomass-fired power plant workers' exposure to them remains a neglected issue. The purpose of this study was to measure maintenance and ash removal workers' multiple exposures to inhalable dust, metals, and crystalline silica during their work tasks in biomass-fired power plants. Maintenance and ash removal workers were exposed to high inhalable dust concentrations inside biomass-fired boilers. The median air inhalable dust concentration in workers' breathing zones were 33mgm(-3) and 120mgm(-3) in ash removal and maintenance tasks, respectively. The median concentration of manganese (0.31mgm(-3)) exceeded the occupational exposure limit in worker's breathing zone samples in maintenance tasks. The most evident exposure-associated health risk from multiple exposures to metals was that of cancer, followed by central nervous system disorders, lower respiratory tract irritation, and finally upper respiratory tract irritation. To avoid the above mentioned health effects, powered air respirators with ABEK+P3 cartridges and carbon monoxide gas detectors are recommended as the minimum requirement for these work tasks. A compressed air breathing apparatus is the best form of protection for the most demanding work phases inside boilers in biomass-fired power plants.
- Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2014 Jun;104:25-31. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.025. Epub 2013 Nov 27.
- Occupational exposure to aluminium, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and manganese can increase the risk of numerous neurophysiological changes in workers, and may lead to conditions resembling Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. However, although the health hazard aspect of these agents has been examined,
- PMID 24289933
- Carcinogenic metalloid arsenic induces expression of mdig oncogene through JNK and STAT3 activation.
- Sun J1, Yu M2, Lu Y3, Thakur C3, Chen B3, Qiu P3, Zhao H4, Chen F5.Author information 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Respiratory Medicine, The 4th Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.3Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.4Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. Electronic address: hwzhao2007@yahoo.com.5Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. Electronic address: fchen@wayne.edu.AbstractEnvironmental or occupational exposure to arsenic, a chemical element classified as metalloid, has been associated with cancer of the lung, skin, bladder, liver, etc. Mdig (mineral dust-induced gene) is a newly identified oncogene linked to occupational lung diseases and lung cancer. It is unclear whether mdig is also involved in arsenic-induced malignant transformation of the lung cells. By using human bronchial epithelial cells and human lung cancer cell lines, we showed that arsenic was able to induce expression of mdig. We further demonstrated that this mdig induction by arsenic was partially dependent on the JNK and STAT3 signaling pathways. Disruption of the JNK or STAT3 by either chemical inhibitors or siRNAs diminished arsenic-induced accumulation of mdig mRNA and protein. Furthermore, we also showed that microRNA-21 (miR-21) and Akt were down-stream effectors of the JNK and STAT3 signaling pathways in arsenic-induced mdig expression. Transfection of the cells with anti-miR-21 or pre-treatment of the cells with Akt inhibitor blunted mdig induction by arsenic. Clinically, the levels of mdig can be applied to predict the disease progression, the first progression (FP), in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Taken together, our data suggest that mdig may play important roles on the pathogenesis of arsenic-induced lung cancer and that JNK and STAT3 signaling pathways are essential in mediating arsenic-induced mdig expression.
- Cancer letters.Cancer Lett.2014 May 1;346(2):257-63. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.01.002. Epub 2014 Jan 14.
- Environmental or occupational exposure to arsenic, a chemical element classified as metalloid, has been associated with cancer of the lung, skin, bladder, liver, etc. Mdig (mineral dust-induced gene) is a newly identified oncogene linked to occupational lung diseases and lung cancer. It is unclear w
- PMID 24434654
- Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in central air-conditioner filter dust and relevance of non-dietary exposure in occupational indoor environments in Greece.
- Besis A1, Katsoyiannis A2, Botsaropoulou E1, Samara C3.Author information 1Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.2Norwegian Institute for Air Research NILU, High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment (FRAM Centre), NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway.3Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: csamara@chem.auth.gr.AbstractPolybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous in the indoor environment owing to their use in consumer products and various studies around the world have found higher concentrations indoors than outdoors. Central air conditioner (A/C) systems have been widely used in many workplaces, therefore, studying of PBDEs in central A/C filter dust is useful to better understand the occurrences and health implications of PBDEs in indoor environments. The present study examined the occurrence of PBDEs in central A/C filter dust collected from various workplaces (n = 20) in Thessaloniki, Greece. The sum concentrations of 21 target congeners (∑21PBDE) in A/C dust ranged between 84 and 4062 ng g(-1) with a median value of 1092 ng g(-1), while BDE-209 was found to be the most abundant BDE congener. The daily intake via dust ingestion of PBDEs estimated for the employees of the occupational settings ranged from 3 to 45 ng day(-1) (median 12 ng day(-1)).
- Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987).Environ Pollut.2014 May;188:64-70. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.01.021. Epub 2014 Feb 17.
- Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous in the indoor environment owing to their use in consumer products and various studies around the world have found higher concentrations indoors than outdoors. Central air conditioner (A/C) systems have been widely used in many workplaces, therefo
- PMID 24556227
Japanese Journal
- Symptoms of Respiratory Disease and Lung Functional Impairment Associated with Occupational Inhalation Exposure to Carbon Black Dust
- NEGHAB Masoud,MOHRAZ Majid Habibi,HASSANZADEH Jafar
- Journal of occupational
- NAID 10029979135
- Exposure to Respirable Flour Dust and Gliadin in Wheat Flour Mills
- KHODADADI Iraj,ABDI Mohammad,ALIABADI Mohsen,MIRMOEINI Effat Sadat
- Journal of occupational
- NAID 10029979086
- Exposure to respirable particulates and silica in and around the stone crushing units in Central India
- Mukhopadhyay Krishnendu,Ramalingam Ayyappan,Ramani Raghunathan
- Industrial health 49(2), 221-227, 2011-03
- NAID 40018775505
Related Links
- NON-OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO SILICA DUST FROM INDUSTRIAL SOURCES As mentioned earlier, non-occupational exposure from industrial sources occurs when dust emitted from silica-based industries goes to the ...
- 1. Occup Environ Med. 1997 Jul;54(7):466-9. Occupational exposure to dust: inflammation and ischaemic heart disease. Sjögren B. Department of Occupational Health, Swedish National Institute for Working Life, Solna, Sweden.
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「職業性粉塵暴露」「職業性粉塵曝露」 |
| 関連記事 | 「occupation」「occupational」「ting」「dust」「toed」 |
「職業性粉塵暴露」
「職業性粉塵曝露」
「occupation」
- n.
- 従事すること、活動、仕事、時間の過ごし方。つとめ、職業、生業
- 占有。占有権。(地位・官職を)閉めること。居住。占領、占拠。占領期間
- 関
- (adj.)occupational
「occupational」
- adj.
- 職業の、職業上の、職業から起こる。占領の
- 関
- (n.)occupation
「ting」
- vi.
- (鈴などが)チリンチリンと鳴る
- vt.
- (鈴などを)チリンチリンと鳴らす
- n.
- (鈴などの)チリンチリンと鳴る音
「dust」
「toed」
- adj.
- 足指のある、つま先のある、(くぎを)斜めに打ち込んだ