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(medicine) the act of caring for someone (as by medication or remedial training etc.); "the quarterback is undergoing treatment for a knee injury"; "he tried every treatment the doctors suggested"; "heat therapy gave the best relief"

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(病気の)治療,療法 / =psychotherapy

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/04 17:09:09」(JST)

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Neoadjuvant therapy is the administration of therapeutic agents before a main treatment. One example is neoadjuvant hormone therapy prior to radical radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Neoadjuvant therapy aims to reduce the size or extent of the cancer before using radical treatment intervention, thus making procedures easier and more likely to succeed, and reducing the consequences of a more extensive treatment technique that would be required if the tumor wasn't reduced in size or extent.

Another related concept is that neoadjuvant therapy acts on micrometastatic disease. The downstaging is then a surrogate marker of efficacy on undetected dissemination, resulting in improved longtime survival compared to the surgery-alone strategy.

This systemic therapy (chemotherapy, immunotherapy or hormone therapy) or radiation therapy is commonly used in cancers that are locally advanced - where clinicians plan an operation at a later stage. The use of such therapy can effectively reduce the difficulty and morbidity of more extensive procedures.

The use of therapy can turn a tumour from untreatable to treatable by shrinking the volume. Often it can be unclear which surrounding structures are directly involved in the disease and which are just showing signs of inflammation. By administering therapy a distinction can often be made. Some doctors give the therapy in the hope that a response will be seen so that they can then decide what is the best course of action. Unfortunately, not everyone is suitable for therapy in this way because it can be extremely toxic. Some patients react so severely that further treatments, especially surgery, are precluded because the patient is rendered unfit for anesthetic.

References

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1. 乳癌に対する術前補助化学療法：理論的根拠、治療前評価、および治療法の選択肢 neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer rationale pretreatment evaluation and therapeutic options
2. 乳癌に対する術前全身補助化学療法：奏効、二次療法、および予後 neoadjuvant systemic therapy for breast cancer response subsequent treatment and prognosis
3. 切除直腸癌に対する術後補助化学療法 adjuvant therapy for resected rectal cancer
4. 切除可能な肝細胞癌のマネージメント：予後、術前補助化学療法と補助化学療法の役割、
および治療後サーベイランス management of potentially resectable hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis role of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy and posttreatment surveillance
5. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer

English Journal

Overcoming acquired resistance to letrozole by targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in breast cancer cell clones.

Cavazzoni A, Bonelli MA, Fumarola C, La Monica S, Airoud K, Bertoni R, Alfieri RR, Galetti M, Tramonti S, Galvani E, Harris AL, Martin LA, Andreis D, Bottini A, Generali D, Petronini PG.SourceDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Unit of Experimental Oncology, University of Parma, Italy.
Cancer letters.Cancer Lett.2012 Oct 1;323(1):77-87. Epub 2012 Apr 3.
Development of resistance to endocrine therapy is a clinical issue in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Here we show that persistent activation of AKT/mTOR signaling is crucial to the acquisition of letrozole resistance in cell clones generated from MCF-7/AROM-1 aromatase-expressing bre
PMID 22484466

Japanese Journal

術前化学療法が有効であった成人型Wilms' tumor の1例

山岸敦史,櫻井俊彦,内藤整,槻木真明,加藤智幸,長岡明,冨田善彦,岩場晶子,山川光徳
泌尿器科紀要 57(4), 189-192, 2011-04
… As an adjuvant therapy, irradiation to renal bed (40 Gy/20 fr) and bilateral lung (12 Gy/8 fr) were performed. … Six months after the end of the therapy, no evidence of recurrence was detected. …
NAID 120003072116