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the use of chemical agents to treat or control disease (or mental illness)

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化学療法

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/10 17:25:27」(JST)

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Neoadjuvant therapy is the administration of therapeutic agents before a main treatment. One example is neoadjuvant hormone therapy prior to radical radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Neoadjuvant therapy aims to reduce the size or extent of the cancer before using radical treatment intervention, thus making procedures easier and more likely to succeed, and reducing the consequences of a more extensive treatment technique that would be required if the tumor wasn't reduced in size or extent.

Another related concept is that neoadjuvant therapy acts on micrometastatic disease. The downstaging is then a surrogate marker of efficacy on undetected dissemination, resulting in improved longtime survival compared to the surgery-alone strategy.^{[citation needed]}

This systemic therapy (chemotherapy, immunotherapy or hormone therapy) or radiation therapy is commonly used in cancers that are locally advanced - where clinicians plan an operation at a later stage. The use of such therapy can effectively reduce the difficulty and morbidity of more extensive procedures.

The use of therapy can turn a tumour from untreatable to treatable by shrinking the volume. Often it can be unclear which surrounding structures are directly involved in the disease and which are just showing signs of inflammation. By administering therapy a distinction can often be made. Some doctors give the therapy in the hope that a response will be seen so that they can then decide what is the best course of action. Unfortunately, not everyone is suitable for therapy in this way because it can be extremely toxic. Some patients react so severely that further treatments, especially surgery, are precluded because the patient is rendered unfit for anesthetic.

References

Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer (as defined by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH)[1])

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1. 若年成人における急性骨髄性白血病に対する導入療法 induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia in younger adults
2. 乳癌に対する術前補助化学療法：理論的根拠、治療前評価、および治療法の選択肢 neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer rationale pretreatment evaluation and therapeutic options
3. 新規に診断された進行卵巣癌に対する術前補助化学療法 neoadjuvant chemotherapy for newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer
4. 四肢の軟部組織肉腫に対する補助化学療法および術前補助化学療法 adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities
5. 頭頸部の局所進行扁平上皮癌：化学療法と放射線療法を併用するアプローチ locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck approaches combining chemotherapy and radiation therapy

English Journal

Activity and resistance of trastuzumab according to different clinical settings.

Tagliabue E, Campiglio M, Pupa SM, Ménard S, Balsari A.SourceMolecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Cancer treatment reviews.Cancer Treat Rev.2012 May;38(3):212-7. Epub 2011 Jul 2.
Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against HER2, has shown efficacy in breast cancers; however many patients do not respond to this reagent. Here, we discuss the potential mechanisms of trastuzumab efficacy and resistance in different clinical settings as a step toward optimizing
PMID 21726959

11C-Acetate PET/CT in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: Intraindividual Comparison With 11C-Choline.

Orevi M, Klein M, Mishani E, Chisin R, Freedman N, Gofrit ON.SourceFrom the *Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Biophysics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; †Cyclotron Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Biophysics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; and ‡Department of Urology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
Clinical nuclear medicine.Clin Nucl Med.2012 Apr;37(4):e67-72.
OBJECTIVE: : We present a first study of the use of C-acetate (ACET) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) and an intraindividual comparison with C- choline (CHOL) PET/CT.METHODS: : Fourteen patients with biopsy-proven UC (11 T2, 3 T1 refrac
PMID 22391726

Japanese Journal

膵神経内分泌腫瘍に対するneoadjuvant chemotherapy (特集 Neoadjuvant therapyの最新の動向 : がんの治療戦略はどのように変わっていくのか) -- (がん種別 : 術前補助療法の臨床的意義と今後の方向性)

工藤篤,伴大輔,上田浩樹 [他]
臨床外科 = Journal of clinical surgery 70(7), 866-871, 2015-07
NAID 40020514564

GISTに対するneoadjuvant chemotherapy (特集 Neoadjuvant therapyの最新の動向 : がんの治療戦略はどのように変わっていくのか) -- (がん種別 : 術前補助療法の臨床的意義と今後の方向性)

神田達夫,石川卓,小杉伸一 [他]
臨床外科 = Journal of clinical surgery 70(7), 860-865, 2015-07
NAID 40020514550

肝細胞癌に対するneoadjuvant chemotherapy (特集 Neoadjuvant therapyの最新の動向 : がんの治療戦略はどのように変わっていくのか) -- (がん種別 : 術前補助療法の臨床的意義と今後の方向性)

田中基文,福本巧,具英成
臨床外科 = Journal of clinical surgery 70(7), 838-843, 2015-07
NAID 40020514483

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ネオアジュバント化学療法」「術前化学療法」「術前補助化学療法」「induction chemotherapy」「新補助的化学療法」
関連記事	「neoadjuvant」