native land

• 原生地

WordNet

1. deliver (a blow); "He landed several blows on his opponents head"
2. the land on which real estate is located; "he built the house on land leased from the city"
3. the solid part of the earths surface; "the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land"; "the earth shook for several minutes"; "he dropped the logs on the ground" (同)dry_land, earth, ground, solid ground, terra_firma
4. material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow (especially with reference to its quality or use); "the land had never been plowed"; "good agricultural soil" (同)ground, soil
5. cause to come to the ground; "the pilot managed to land the airplane safely" (同)put down, bring_down
6. arrive on shore; "The ship landed in Pearl Harbor" (同)set ashore, shore
7. reach or come to rest; "The bird landed on the highest branch"; "The plane landed in Istanbul" (同)set_down
8. bring ashore; "The drug smugglers landed the heroin on the beach of the island"
9. characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin; "the native North American sugar maple"; "many native artists studied abroad"
10. indigenous plants and animals
11. an indigenous person who was born in a particular place; "the art of the natives of the northwest coast"; "the Canadian government scrapped plans to tax the grants to aboriginal college students" (同)indigen, indigene, aborigine, aboriginal
12. a person born in a particular place or country; "he is a native of Brazil"
13. characteristic of or relating to people inhabiting a region from the beginning; "native Americans"; "the aboriginal peoples of Australia" (同)aboriginal
14. as found in nature in the elemental form; "native copper"
15. belonging to one by birth; "my native land"; "ones native language"
16. structure providing a place where boats can land people or goods (同)landing place
17. an intermediate platform in a staircase
18. the act of coming down to the earth (or other surface); "the plane made a smooth landing"; "his landing on his feet was catlike"
19. the act of coming to land after a voyage
20. owning or consisting of land or real estate; "the landed gentry"; "landed property"
21. the syllable naming the sixth (submediant) note of a major or minor scale in solmization (同)lah

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉(海・川・湖に対して)『陸』,陸地 / 〈U〉(性質・用途から見た)『土地』,土壌(ground, soil) / 〈C〉『国』,国土(country) / 〈C〉(特定の)地域の住民,国民 / 《the lands》(特定の)地域,地帯 / 〈U〉〈C〉(財産としての)土地,所有地 / (…に)〈飛行機などが〉『着陸』(『着水』)『する』《+『at』(『in, on』)+『名』》 / (…に)〈船が〉『着岸する』,陸づけする《+『at』(『in』)+『名』》 / (…に)〈人が〉船から上陸する《+『at』(『in, on』)+『名』》 / (ある所・物に)〈物が〉当たって止まる;〈鳥が〉舞い降りる《+『at』(『in, on』)+『名』》 / (悪い状態に)なる,陥る《+『up in』+『名』》 / (…に)〈飛行機など〉‘を'着陸させる《+『名』+『at』(『in, on』)+『名』》 / (…に)〈人・貨物など〉‘を'上陸させる,陸揚げさせる《+『名』+『at』(『in, on』)+『名』》 / (悪い状態に)〈人〉‘を'陥らせる《+『名』+『in』+『名』》 / (陸・船内に)〈魚〉‘を'引き(釣り)上げる / 《話》〈職・賞など〉‘を'得る,獲得する
2. 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『出生地の』,母国の / 『生まれつきの』,生来の / 原産の,土地特有の / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》土着の;《今はまれ》原住民の,原住民特有の / 天然のままの;純粋な / (…)『生まれの人』《+『of』+『名』》 / (移民・旅行者などと区別して)土着の人;《今はまれ》原住民 / (…に)固有の動物(植物);(…の)原産物《+『of』+『名』》
3. 上陸,着陸,着水 / (貨物の)陸揚げ / (また『landing place』)着陸(上陸)場,荷揚げ場,埠頭(ふとう) / (階段の)おどり場
4. 土地を所有する / 土地から成る
5. ラ(全音階の第6音)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/02/03 07:20:04」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about native lands. For the Showtime television series, see Homeland (TV series). For other uses, see Homeland (disambiguation).

Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix personifies the French motherland

A homeland (rel. country of origin and native land) is the concept of the place (cultural geography) with which an ethnic group holds a long history and a deep cultural association – the country in which a particular national identity began. As a common noun, it simply connotes the country of one's origin. When used as a proper noun, the word, as well as its equivalents in other languages, often have ethnic nationalist connotations. A homeland may also be referred to as a fatherland, a motherland, or a mother country, depending on the culture and language of the nationality in question. The United States is referred to by its people as the Homeland, but very rarely as Motherland or Fatherland for historical reasons, namely, the various ethnic groups which comprise the population of the nation have their ancestral origins elsewhere.

Motherland

"Motherland" redirects here. For other uses, see Motherland (disambiguation).

Further information: Metropolis

Bharat Mata statue accompanied by a lion at Yanam, India

Motherland refers to a mother country, i.e. the place of one's birth, the place of one's ancestors, the place of origin of an ethnic group or immigrant, or a Metropole in contrast to its colonies. People often refer to Mother Russia as a personification of the Russian nation. Within the British Empire, many natives in the colonies, as a result of propaganda, came to think of Britain as the mother country of one, large nation. This view however was not shared by many in Britain, leading to racial tension as immigration increased. India is often personified as Bharat Mata (Mother India). The French commonly refer to France as "la mère patrie"; Hispanic Americans and 19th century-upper-class Filipinos, commonly referred to Spain as "la Madre Patria", but today this refers to a more cultural and linguistic relationship based on a long and complex mutual history.

Fatherland

See also: Fatherland and Fatherland (disambiguation)

Fatherland is the nation of one's "fathers" or "forefathers". It can be viewed as a nationalist concept, insofar as it relates to nations.

The term fatherland (Vaterland) is used throughout German-speaking Europe, as well as in Dutch. For example, "Wien Neêrlands Bloed", national anthem of the Netherlands between 1815 and 1932, makes extensive and conspicuous use of the parallel Dutch word.

Because of the use of Vaterland in Nazi-German war propaganda, the term "Fatherland" in English has become associated with domestic British and American anti-Nazi propaganda during World War II. This is not the case in Germany itself, where the word remains used in the usual patriotic contexts.

Terms equating "Fatherland" in other Germanic languages:

• Afrikaans Vaderland
• Danish fædreland
• Dutch vaderland
• Frisian heitelân
• German Vaterland
• Icelandic föðurland
• Norwegian fedreland
• Scots heauinlie (besides the more common faitherland)
• Swedish fäderneslandet (besides the more common fosterlandet)

A corresponding term is often used in Slavic languages, in:

• Croatian domovina (homeland)
• Serbian otadžbina(отаџбина)
• Macedonian татковина (tatkovina)
• Bulgarian татковина (tatkovina) as well as otechestvo
• Czech otčina (although the normal Czech term for "homeland" is vlast)
• Polish ojczyzna (besides rarer namemacierz "motherland")
• Russian otechestvo (отечество) or otchizna (отчизна)
• Ukrainian batʹkivshchyna (батьківщина) or vitchyzna (вітчизна).

In Romance languages, a common way to refer to one's home country is Patria/Pátria/Patrie which has the same connotation as Fatherland, that is, the nation of our parents/fathers (From the Latin, Pater, father). As patria has feminine gender, it is usually used in expressions related to one's mother, as in Spanish la Madre Patria or Portuguese a Pátria Mãe (the Motherland).

Various connotations

• The Soviet Union created homelands for some minorities in the 1920s, including the Volga German ASSR and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. In the case of the Volga German ASSR, these homelands were later abolished and their inhabitants deported to either Siberia or the Kazakh SSR. In the case of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast this was not necessary, since it had been created from the start at the far-Eastern end of Siberia, where no Jew had ever lived.
• In the United States, the Department of Homeland Security was created soon after the 11 September 2001, terrorist attacks, as a means to centralize response to various threats. In a June 2002 column, Republican consultant and speechwriter Peggy Noonan expressed the hope that the Bush administration would change the name of the department, writing that, "The name Homeland Security grates on a lot of people, understandably. Homeland isn't really an American word, it's not something we used to say or say now".
• In the apartheid era in South Africa, the concept was given a different meaning. The white government had designated approximately 25% of its non-desert territory for black tribal settlement. Whites and other non-blacks were restricted from owning land or settling in those areas. After 1948 they were gradually granted an increasing level of "home-rule". From 1976 several of these regions were granted independence. Four of them were declared independent nations by South Africa, but were unrecognized as independent countries by any other nation besides each other and South Africa. The territories set aside for the African inhabitants were also known as bantustans.
• In Australia, the term refers to relatively small Aboriginal settlements (referred to also as 'Outstations') where people with close kinship ties share lands significant to them for cultural reasons. Many such homelands are found across Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland. The 'homeland movement' gained momentum in the 1970s. It is estimated that homeland numbers range around 500 to 700, with not all homelands being permanently occupied owing to seasonal or cultural reasons.
• In Turkish, the concept of "homeland", especially in the patriotic sense, is "ana vatan" (lit. mother homeland), while "baba ocağı" (lit. father's hearth) is used to refer to one's childhood home. (Note: The Turkish word "ocak" has the double meaning of january and fireplace, like the Spanish "hogar".)

See also

• Diaspora politics
• Homeland security
• Mother tongue
• Separatism
• Secession

References

Further reading

• Landscape and Memory by Simon Schama (Random House, 1995)

External links

• Nationalism and Ethnicity – A Theoretical Overview

English Journal

• Soil characteristics and heavy metal accumulation by native plants in a Mn mining area of Guangxi, South China.

• Liu J1, Zhang XH, Li TY, Wu QX, Jin ZJ.Author information 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China, Liu-j7775@163.com.AbstractRevegetation and ecological restoration of a Mn mineland are important concerns in southern China. To determine the major constraints for revegetation and select suitable plants for phytorestoration, pedological and botanical characteristics of a Mn mine in Guangxi, southern China were investigated. All the soils were characterized by low pH and low nitrogen and phosphorus levels except for the control soil, suggesting that soil acidity and poor nutrition were disadvantageous to plant growth. In general, the studied mine soils had normal organic matter (OM) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). However, OM (8.9 g/kg) and CEC (7.15 cmol/kg) were very low in the soils from tailing dumps. The sandy texture and nutrient deficiency made it difficult to establish vegetation on tailing dumps. Mn and Cd concentrations in all soils and Cr and Zn concentrations in three soils exceeded the pollution threshold. Soil Mn and Cd were above phytotoxic levels, indicating that they were considered to be the major constraints for phytorestoration. A botanical survey of the mineland showed that 13 plant species grew on the mineland without obvious toxicity symptoms. High Mn and Cd concentrations have been found in the aerial parts of Polygonum pubescens, Celosia argentea, Camellia oleifera, and Solanum nigrum, which would be interesting for soil phytoremediation. Miscanthus floridulus, Erigeron acer, Eleusina indica, and Kummerowia striata showed high resistance to the heavy metal and harsh condition of the soils. These species could be well suited to restore local degraded land in a phytostabilization strategy.
• Environmental monitoring and assessment.Environ Monit Assess.2014 Apr;186(4):2269-79. doi: 10.1007/s10661-013-3535-2. Epub 2013 Nov 24.
• Revegetation and ecological restoration of a Mn mineland are important concerns in southern China. To determine the major constraints for revegetation and select suitable plants for phytorestoration, pedological and botanical characteristics of a Mn mine in Guangxi, southern China were investigated.
• PMID 24271720

• Bioaccumulation and retention kinetics of cadmium in the freshwater decapod Macrobrachium australiense.

• Cresswell T1, Simpson SL2, Smith RE3, Nugegoda D2, Mazumder D4, Twining J5.Author information 1Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia; School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. Electronic address: tom.cresswell@ansto.gov.au.2School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.3Hydrobiology, Lang Parade, Auchenflower, QLD 4066, Australia.4Institute for Environmental Research, ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia.5Austral Radioecology, Oyster Bay, NSW, 2225, Australia.AbstractThe potential sources and mechanisms of cadmium bioaccumulation by the native freshwater decapods Macrobrachium species in the waters of the highly turbid Strickland River in Papua New Guinea were examined using (109)Cd-labelled water and food sources and the Australian species Macrobrachium australiense as a surrogate. Synthetic river water was spiked with environmentally relevant concentrations of cadmium and animals were exposed for 7 days with daily renewal of test solutions. Dietary assimilation of cadmium was assessed through pulse-chase experiments where prawns were fed separately (109)Cd-labelled fine sediment, filamentous algae and carrion (represented by cephalothorax tissue of water-exposed prawns). M. australiense readily accumulated cadmium from the dissolved phase and the uptake rate increased linearly with increasing exposure concentration. A cadmium uptake rate constant of 0.10±0.05L/g/d was determined in synthetic river water. During depuration following exposure to dissolved cadmium, efflux rates were low (0.9±5%/d) and were not dependent on exposure concentration. Assimilation efficiencies of dietary sources were comparable for sediment and algae (48-51%), but lower for carrion (28±5%) and efflux rates were low (0.2-2.6%/d) demonstrating that cadmium was well retained by M. australiense. A biokinetic model of cadmium accumulation by M. australiense predicted that for exposures to environmentally relevant cadmium concentrations in the Strickland River, uptake from ingestion of fine sediment and carrion would be the predominant sources of cadmium to the organism. The model predicted the total dietary route would represent 70-80% of bioaccumulated cadmium.
• Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands).Aquat Toxicol.2014 Mar;148:174-83. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.01.006. Epub 2014 Jan 20.
• The potential sources and mechanisms of cadmium bioaccumulation by the native freshwater decapods Macrobrachium species in the waters of the highly turbid Strickland River in Papua New Guinea were examined using (109)Cd-labelled water and food sources and the Australian species Macrobrachium austral
• PMID 24508761

• Public investment does not crowd out private supply of environmental goods on private land.

• Duncan DH1, Kyle G2, Morris WK3, Smith FP4.Author information 1Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia. Electronic address: david.duncan@unimelb.edu.au.2Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia. Electronic address: garrethkyle@yahoo.co.nz.3School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. Electronic address: wkmor1@gmail.com.4CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, and Sustainable Agriculture Flagship, Pvt Bag 5, PO, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. Electronic address: patrick.smith@co2australia.com.au.AbstractIn landscapes where private land tenure is prevalent, public funds for ecological landscape restoration are sometimes spent subsidising the revegetation of cleared land, and the protection of remnant vegetation from livestock. However, the total area treated may be unclear because such projects are not always recorded, and landholders may undertake similar activities without subsidisation. In the absence of empirical data, in the state of Victoria, Australia, a reporting assumption has been employed that suggests that wholly privately funded sites match publicly subsidised sites on a hectare for hectare basis (a so-called "x2" assumption). Conversely, the "crowding out" theory of investment in public goods such as environmental benefits suggests that public investment may supplant private motivation. Using aerial photography we mapped the extent of revegetation, native vegetation fencing and restoration on 71 representative landholdings in rural south-eastern Australia. We interviewed each landholder and recorded the age and funding model of each site. Contrary to the local "x2" reporting assumption, about 75% of the total area of the 412 sites was from subsidised sites, and that proportion was far higher for the period after 1997. However, rather than displacing unsubsidised activity, our modelling showed that landholders who had recently been subsidised for a project were more likely to have subsequently completed unsubsidised work. This indicates that, at least in terms of medium-term economic impact, the large increase in public subsidies did not diminish privately funded activity, as might be expected according to the theory of crowding out.
• Journal of environmental management.J Environ Manage.2014 Feb 24;136C:94-102. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.041. [Epub ahead of print]
• In landscapes where private land tenure is prevalent, public funds for ecological landscape restoration are sometimes spent subsidising the revegetation of cleared land, and the protection of remnant vegetation from livestock. However, the total area treated may be unclear because such projects are
• PMID 24576670

Japanese Journal

• Do Native Rodents Prey on Land Snails? An Experimental and Quantitative Study in Hokkaido, Japan

• Zoological science 34(4), 275-280, 2017-08
• NAID 40021289599

• Richness of vascular flora in Lublin city, east Poland, under different urban pressure

• Landscape and ecological engineering : official journal of the International Consortium of Landscape and Ecological Engineering (ICLEE) 13(2), 213-228, 2017-07
• NAID 40021258296

• 国内外来種を含む訪花性ハナムグリ亜科5種の発生状況 : 東京港野鳥公園の事例

• 保全生態学研究 = Japanese journal of conservation ecology 22(1), 159-170, 2017-05
• NAID 40021234830

Related Links

• Native Land | High quality residential and mixed use ...

NEO Bankside development shortlisted for the coveted 2015 RIBA Stirling Prize Jointly developed by Native Land and Grosvenor, the multi-award winning NEO Bankside has become one of London’s most sought after

• 有限会社ネイティブランド

美少女ゲーム雑誌の広告をメインにデザイン、印刷、SPツール制作、編集、ホームページ制作、CD-ROMプレス等を行う総合広告代理店・編集プロダクションです。 ・2010/9/28 ブログはじめました。>>あーちゃんのブログ ・2007/11/2 事業内容 ...

Related Pictures

---

★リンクテーブル★

関連記事	「native」「land」「landing」

「native」

　　[★]

• 自然な、未変性の、ネイティブな、原住民

関

natural、naturally、nature、spontaneous、spontaneously、tribe

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「land」

　　[★]

• 陸地

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「landing」

　　[★]

• 着地