WordNet

(medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
(phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
(international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure
moral corruption or contamination; "ambitious men are led astray by an infection that is almost unavoidable"
an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted (同)contagion, transmission
the property of being multiple

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(病気の)伝染;感染 / 〈C〉伝染病
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
多数であること;多様性;《時にa ~》多数,多様(の…)《+『of』+『名』》
OLD French古[代]フランス語

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/29 14:05:18」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

In microbiology, the multiplicity of infection or MOI is the ratio of agents (e.g. phage or more generally virus, bacteria) to infection targets (e.g. cell). For example, when referring to a group of cells inoculated with virus particles, the multiplicity of infection or MOI is the ratio of the number of virus particles to the number of target cells present in a defined space.

Interpretation

The actual number of viruses or bacteria that will enter any given cell is a statistical process: some cells may absorb more than one infectious agent while others may not absorb any. The probability that a cell will absorb virus particles or bacteria when inoculated with an MOI of can be calculated for a given population using a Poisson distribution. This application of Poisson's distribution was applied and described by Ellis and Delbrück.^[1]

where is the multiplicity of infection or MOI, is the number of infectious agents that enter the infection target, and is the probability that an infection target (a cell) will get infected by infectious agents.

In fact the infectivity of the virus or bacteria in question will alter this relationship. One way around this is to use a functional definition of infectious particles rather than a strict count, such as a plaque forming unit for viruses.

For example, when an MOI of 1 (1 viral particle per cell) is used to infect a population of cells, the probability that a cell will not get infected is , and the probability that it be infected by a single particle is , by two particles is , by three particles is , and so on.

The average percentage of cells that will become infected as a result of inoculation with a given MOI can be obtained by realizing that it is simply . Hence, the average fraction of cells that will become infected following an inoculation with an MOI of is given by:

which is approximately equal to for small values of .

MOI Examples

Percentage of cells infected based on MOI.

As the MOI increases, the percentages of cells infected with at least one viral particle also increases.

MOI	% Infected
1.0	63.2%
2.0	86.5%
3.0	95.0%
4.0	98.2%
5.0	99.3%
6.0	99.8%
7.0	99.9%
8.0	~100.0%

Fields' virology, Part 1 By Bernard N. Fields,David Mahan Knipe,Peter M. Howley,Diane E. Griffin

References

^ Ellis, Emory; Delbruck, Max (Jan 20, 1939). "The Growth of Bacteriophage". The Journal of General Physiology 22 (3): 365–384. PMC 2141994.

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English Journal

Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of hepatic fat metabolism disorder caused by Muscovy duck reovirus infection.

Wang Q1,2, Liu M1,2, Xu L1, Wu Y1,2, Huang Y1,2.
Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A.Avian Pathol.2018 Apr;47(2):127-139. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1380294. Epub 2017 Oct 10.
PMID 28911249

Genetic Spatiotemporal Anatomy of Plasmodium vivax Malaria Episodes in Greece, 2009-2013.

Spanakos G, Snounou G, Pervanidou D, Alifrangis M, Rosanas-Urgell A, Baka A, Tseroni M, Vakali A, Vassalou E, Patsoula E, Zeller H, Van Bortel W, Hadjichristodoulou C; MALWEST Project.
Emerging infectious diseases.Emerg Infect Dis.2018 Mar;24(3):541-548. doi: 10.3201/eid2403.170605.
An influx of immigrants is contributing to the reemergence of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Greece; 1 persistent focus of transmission is in Laconia, Pelopónnese. We genotyped archived blood samples from a substantial proportion of malaria cases recorded in Greece in 2009-2013 using 8 microsatellite
PMID 29460743

A novel approach to glioma therapy using an oncolytic adenovirus with two specific promoters.

Liu F1, Xu K1, Yang H1, Li Y1, Liu J1, Wang J1, Guan Z2.
Oncology letters.Oncol Lett.2018 Mar;15(3):3362-3368. doi: 10.3892/ol.2017.7684. Epub 2017 Dec 21.
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Japanese Journal

Population genetic analysis and sub-structuring of Theileria parva in the northern and eastern parts of Zambia

Muleya Walter,Namangala Boniface,Simuunza Martin,Nakao Ryo,Inoue Noboru,Kimura Takashi,Ito Kimihito,Sugimoto Chihiro,Sawa Hirofumi
Parasites & Vectors 5, 255, 2012-11-12
… It is a major constraint to the development of the livestock industry in some parts of eastern, central and southern Africa. … In Zambia, theileriosis causes losses of up to 10,000 cattle annually. … Methods: Cattle blood samples were collected for genetic analysis of Theileria parva from Isoka and Petauke districts in Zambia. …
NAID 120005068873

Cerebral and Subdural Abscess With Spatio-temporal Multiplicity 12 Years After Initial Craniotomy for Acute Subdural Hematoma : Case Report

WAKUI Daisuke,NAGASHIMA Goro,TAKADA Tatsuro,UEDA Toshihiro,ITOH Hidemichi,TANAKA Yuichiro,HASHIMOTO Takuo
Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 52(2), 109-112, 2012-02-15
… A 34-year-old man presented with a case of subdural empyema and cerebral abscess that developed 12 years after initial neurosurgical intervention for a traffic accident in 1998. … Under a diagnosis of acute subdural hematoma and cerebral contusion, several neurosurgical procedures were performed at another hospital, including hematoma removal by craniotomy, external decompression, duraplasty, and cranioplasty. …
NAID 10030127441

In vitro Replication Activity of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in an Epithelial Cell Line and in Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

TURIN Lauretta,LUCCHINI Barbara,BRONZO Valeria [他],LUZZAGO Camilla
Journal of
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NAID 130001879724