WordNet

the acoustic phenomenon that gives sound a penetrating quality; "our ukuleles have been designed to have superior sound and projection"; "a prime ingredient of public speaking is projection of the voice" (同)acoustic projection, sound projection
(psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your own traits and emotions are attributed to someone else
any solid convex shape that juts out from something
any structure that branches out from a central support
the representation of a figure or solid on a plane as it would look from a particular direction
a prediction made by extrapolating from past observations
the projection of an image from a film onto a screen
the largest possible quantity (同)upper_limit
the point on a curve where the tangent changes from positive on the left to negative on the right
high level or degree; the property of being intense (同)intensiveness
the amount of energy transmitted (as by acoustic or electromagnetic radiation); "he adjusted the intensity of the sound"; "they measured the stations signal strength" (同)strength, intensity level
a saying that is widely accepted on its own merits (同)axiom

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉突き出[させ]ること;〈C〉突起 / (影・映像などの)透写;◇映画・スライドの)映写;〈C〉投影図,投射図 / 〈U〉発射,射出 / 〈C〉予測,予知 / 〈U〉〈C〉(自分の考え・感情を)人に投影すること
(量・数・程度の)『最大限』 / (数学で)極大;最大値;極大点 / 最高の,最大の
(感情・行動・熱・色などの)『強烈さ』,熱烈さ,強度
格言,金言,処世訓

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/05 06:49:07」(JST)

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CT visualized by a MIP of a mouse

In scientific visualization, a maximum intensity projection (MIP) is a volume rendering method for 3D data that projects in the visualization plane the voxels with maximum intensity that fall in the way of parallel rays traced from the viewpoint to the plane of projection. This implies that two MIP renderings from opposite viewpoints are symmetrical images if they are rendered using orthographic projection.

This technique is computationally fast, but the 2D results do not provide a good sense of depth of the original data. To improve the sense of 3D, animations are usually rendered of several MIP frames in which the viewpoint is slightly changed from one to the other, thus creating the illusion of rotation. This helps the viewer's perception to find the relative 3D positions of the object components. However, since the projection is orthographic the viewer cannot distinguish between left or right, front or back and even if the object is rotating clockwise or anti-clockwise.

MIP is used for the detection of lung nodules in lung cancer screening programs which utilise computed tomography scans. MIP enhances the 3D nature of these nodules, making them stand out from pulmonary bronchi and vasculature.

MIP imaging was invented for use in Nuclear Medicine by Jerold Wallis, MD, in 1988, and subsequently published in IEEE Transactions in Medical Imaging.^[1] In the setting of Nuclear Medicine, it was originally called MAP (Maximum Activity Projection). Additional information can be found in other articles by the same author,.^[2]^[3]

Use of depth weighting during production of rotating cines of MIP images can avoid the problem of difficulty of distinguishing right from left, and clockwise vs anti-clockwise rotation. MIP imaging is used routinely by physicians in interpreting Positron Emission Tomography (PET) or Magnetic Resonance Angiography studies.

References

^ Wallis JW, Miller TR, Lerner CA, Kleerup EC (1989). "Three-dimensional display in nuclear medicine". IEEE Trans Med Imaging 8 (4): 297–303. doi:10.1109/42.41482. PMID 18230529.
^ Wallis JW, Miller TR (1 August 1990). "Volume rendering in three-dimensional display of SPECT images". J. Nucl. Med. 31 (8): 1421–8. PMID 2384811.
^ Wallis JW, Miller TR (March 1991). "Three-dimensional display in nuclear medicine and radiology". J Nucl Med. 32 (3): 534–46. PMID 2005466.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 胸部CTの原理 principles of computed tomography of the chest
2. 多発性結節性病変の鑑別診断および評価 differential diagnosis and evaluation of multiple pulmonary nodules
3. 非小細胞肺癌の病期分類における画像の役割 role of imaging in the staging of non small cell lung cancer
4. 線維筋異形成症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of fibromuscular dysplasia

English Journal

Maximum-Intensity-Projection and Computer-Aided-Detection Algorithms as Stand-Alone Reader Devices in Lung Cancer Screening Using Different Dose Levels and Reconstruction Kernels.

Ebner L1, Roos JE1, Christensen JD1, Dobrocky T2, Leidolt L2, Brela B2, Obmann VC2, Joy S2, Huber A3, Christe A2.
AJR. American journal of roentgenology.AJR Am J Roentgenol.2016 Jun 1:1-7. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate lung nodule detection rates on standard and microdose chest CT with two different computer-aided detection systems (SyngoCT-CAD, VA 20, Siemens Healthcare [CAD1]; Lung CAD, IntelliSpace Portal DX Server, Philips Healthcare [CAD2]) as well as max
PMID 27249174

Clinical value of dual-energy spectral imaging with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction for reducing contrast medium dose in CT portal venography: in comparison with standard 120-kVp imaging protocol.

Ma CL1, Chen XX1, Lei YX1, Zhang XR1, Jia YJ1, Tian X1, Tian Q1.
The British journal of radiology.Br J Radiol.2016 Jun;89(1062):20151022. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20151022. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical value of dual-energy spectral CT with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR) for reducing contrast medium dose in CT portal venography (CTPV).METHODS: This prospective study was institutional review board-approved, and written informed consent was ob
PMID 27031376

Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography With Sparse Undersampling and Iterative Reconstruction: Comparison With Conventional Parallel Imaging for Accelerated Imaging.

Yamamoto T1, Fujimoto K, Okada T, Fushimi Y, Stalder AF, Natsuaki Y, Schmidt M, Togashi K.
Investigative radiology.Invest Radiol.2016 Jun;51(6):372-8. doi: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000221.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility of accelerated time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography with sparse undersampling and iterative reconstruction (sparse TOF).MATERIALS AND METHODS: The local institutional review board approved the study protocols.
PMID 26561046

Japanese Journal

ケイ素摂取のラット橈骨の力学的強度検証のための骨密度計測 (MEとバイオサイバネティックス)

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 115(49), 49-54, 2015-05-23
NAID 40020492109

遠位部前大脳動脈瘤に対する手術戦略

脳卒中の外科 43(6), 429-437, 2015
NAID 130005118870

Brachial Plexus Involvement of Myeloid Sarcoma Detected by Reconstruction Magnetic Resonance Neurography

Internal Medicine 54(17), 2251-2253, 2015
NAID 130005097131

Related Pictures

Cardiac MRI - Maximum intensity projection (MIP) - YouTube Maximum intensity projection - Wikipedia Tecniche di Ricostruzione - ppt video online scaricare CT_physics_2009: Maximum Intensity Projection