Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa
Leontopithecus Lesson, 1840 (lion tamarins)
Saguinus Hoffmannsegg, 1807 (tamarins)
The marmosets (/ˈmɑːrməˌzɛts, -ˌsɛts/[3][4]), also known as zaris, are twenty-two New World monkey species of the genera Callithrix, Cebuella, Callibella and Mico. All four genera are part of the biological family Callitrichidae. The term marmoset is also used in reference to the Goeldi's marmoset, Callimico goeldii, which is closely related.
Most marmosets are about 20 centimetres (8 in) long. Relative to other monkeys, they show some apparently primitive features: they have claws rather than nails, and tactile hairs on their wrists. They lack wisdom teeth, and their brain layout seems to be relatively primitive. Their body temperature is unusually variable, changing by up to 4 °C (7 °F) in a day.[5] Marmosets are native to South America and have been found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru.[6] They have also been spotted in Central America and Mexico.[7] They are also raised in captivity as pets.
According to recent research, marmosets exhibit germline chimerism, which is not known to occur in nature in any primates other than callitrichids.[8] 95% of marmoset fraternal twins trade blood through chorionic fusions, making them hematopoietic chimeras.[9][10]
Contents
1Etymology
2Species list
3Behavior
4References
5External links
Etymology
Callithrix comes from Ancient Greek and means "beautiful fur". Marmoset, from the French marmouset, is of uncertain etymology, although these monkeys are currently called ouistiti in French.
Species list
Genus Callithrix—Atlantic marmosets
Common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus
Black-tufted marmoset, Callithrix penicillata
Wied's marmoset, Callithrix kuhlii
White-headed marmoset, Callithrix geoffroyi
Buffy-headed marmoset, Callithrix flaviceps
Buffy-tufted marmoset, Callithrix aurita
Genus Mico—Amazonian marmosets
Rio Acari marmoset, Mico acariensis
Silvery marmoset, Mico argentatus
White marmoset, Mico leucippe
Emilia's marmoset, Mico emiliae
Black-headed marmoset, Mico nigriceps
Marca's marmoset, Mico marcai
Black-tailed marmoset, Mico melanura
Santarem marmoset, Mico humeralifer
Maués marmoset, Mico mauesi
Munduruku marmoset, Mico munduruku
Gold-and-white marmoset, Mico chrysoleucos
Hershkovitz's marmoset, Mico intermedius
Satéré marmoset, Mico saterei
Rondon's marmoset, Mico rondoni
Genus Callibella—Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset
Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset, Callibella humilis
Genus Cebuella—Pygmy Marmoset
Pygmy marmoset, Cebuella pygmaea
Behavior
Marmosets are highly active, living in the upper canopy of forest trees, and feeding on insects, fruit, and leaves. They have long lower incisors, which allow them to chew holes in tree trunks and branches to harvest the gum inside; some species are specialised feeders on gum.[citation needed]
Marmosets live in family groups of three to 15, consisting of one to two breeding females, an unrelated male, their offspring, and occasionally extended family members and unrelated individuals. Their mating systems are highly variable and can include monogamy, polygyny, and polyandry. In most species, fraternal twins are usually born, but triplets are not unknown. Like other callitrichines, marmosets are characterized by a high degree of cooperative care of the young and some food sharing and tolerated theft. Adult males, females other than the mother, and older offspring, participate in carrying infants. Father marmosets are an exceptionally attentive example of fathers within the animal kingdom, going as far as assisting their mates in giving birth, cleaning up afterbirth and even biting the umbilical cords attaching their newborn offspring to their mothers. Most groups scent mark and defend the edges of their ranges, but it is unclear if they are truly territorial, as group home ranges greatly overlap.
The favorite food of marmosets is carbohydrate-rich tree sap, which they reach by gnawing holes in trunks. Their territories are centered on the trees that they regularly exploit in this way. The smaller marmosets venture into the very top of forest canopies to hunt insects that are abundant there.[7]
References
^Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 129–133. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
^Garber, Paul A.; Estrada, Alejandro; Bicca-Marques, Júlio César; Heymann, Eckhard W.; Strier, Karen B., eds. (2008). "The Diversity of the New World Primates (Platyrrhini): An Annotated Taxonomy". South American Primates: Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer. pp. 23–54. ISBN 978-0-387-78704-6.
^"Marmoset". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
^Stafford, S.G. (1999). "Thermoregulatory and Endocrine Adaptations of Small Body Size in Primates". Kent State University Dissertation, QP 135.S73, 1999.
^Primate Info Net, Callithrix Factsheet, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
^ ab"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2005-12-11. Retrieved 2005-12-06.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
^Ross, C.N., French, J.A., and Ortí, G. (2007). "Germ-line chimerism and paternal care in marmosets (Callithrix kuhlii)". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 104 (15): 6278–82. doi:10.1073/pnas.0607426104. PMC 1851065. PMID 17389380.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^Gengozian, N.; Batson, JS; Eide, P. (1964). "Hematologic and Cytogenetic Evidence for Hematopoietic Chimerism in the Marmoset, Tamarinus Nigricollis". Cytogenetics. 10 (6): 384–393. doi:10.1159/000129828.
External links
Primate Info Net Callithrix Factsheets
Common Marmoset Care
v
t
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Extant species of family Callitrichidae
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorrhini
Callithrix (Atlantic marmosets)
black-tufted marmoset (C. penicillata)
buffy-headed marmoset (C. flaviceps)
buffy-tufted marmoset (C. aurita)
common marmoset (C. jacchus)
white-headed marmoset (C. geoffroyi)
Wied's marmoset (C. kuhlii)
Mico (Amazonian marmosets)
Rio Acari marmoset (M. acariensis)
Manicore marmoset (M. manicorensis)
silvery marmoset (M. argentata)
white marmoset (M. leucippe)
Emilia's marmoset (M. emiliae)
black-headed marmoset (M. nigriceps)
Marca's marmoset (M. marcai)
black-tailed marmoset (M. melanura)
Santarem marmoset (M. humeralifera)
Maués marmoset (M. mauesi)
Munduruku marmoset (M. munduruku)
gold-and-white marmoset (M. chrysoleuca)
Hershkovitz's marmoset (M. intermedia)
Satéré marmoset (M. saterei)
Rondon's marmoset (M. rondoni)
Callibella
Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset (C. humilis)
Cebuella
Pygmy marmoset (C. pygmaea)
Leontopithecus (lion tamarins)
black lion tamarin (L. chrysopygus)
golden lion tamarin (L. rosalia)
golden-headed lion tamarin (L. chrysomelas)
Superagui lion tamarin (L. caissara)
Saguinus (tamarins)
black tamarin (S. niger)
black-mantled tamarin (S. nigricollis)
brown-mantled tamarin (S. fuscicollis)
cotton-top tamarin (S. oedipus)
emperor tamarin (S. imperator)
Geoffroy's tamarin (S. geoffroyi)
golden-mantled tamarin (S. tripartitus)
Graells's tamarin (S. graellsi)
Martins's tamarin (S. martinsi)
mottle-faced tamarin (S. inustus)
moustached tamarin (S. mystax)
pied tamarin (S. bicolor)
red-capped tamarin (S. pileatus)
red-handed tamarin (S. midas)
white-footed tamarin (S. leucopus)
white-lipped tamarin (S. labiatus)
white-mantled tamarin (S. melanoleucus)
Callimico
Goeldi's marmoset (C. goeldii)
Category
English Journal
High fat diet decreases beneficial effects of estrogen on serotonin-related gene expression in marmosets.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry.Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry.2015 Apr 3;58:71-80. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.11.008. Epub 2014 Dec 24.
The administration of estradiol-17β (E) to animal models after loss of ovarian steroid production has many beneficial effects on neural functions, particularly in the serotonin system in nonhuman primates (NHPs). E also has anorexic effects, although the mechanism of action is not well defined. In
Immune modulation by a tolerogenic myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)10-60 containing fusion protein in the marmoset experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model.
Kap YS1, van Driel N, Arends R, Rouwendal G, Verolin M, Blezer E, Lycke N, 't Hart BA.
Clinical and experimental immunology.Clin Exp Immunol.2015 Apr;180(1):28-39. doi: 10.1111/cei.12487.
Current therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune neuroinflammatory disease, mostly target general cell populations or immune molecules, which may lead to a compromised immune system. A more directed strategy would be to re-enforce tolerance of the autoaggressive T cells that drive
Mammalian spermatogenesis has been investigated extensively in rodents and a strictly controlled developmental process has been defined at cellular and molecular levels. In comparison, primate spermatogenesis has been far less well characterized. However, important differences between primate and ro
The use of glucocorticoids in marmoset wasting syndrome.
Otovic P1, Smith S, Hutchinson E.
Journal of medical primatology.J Med Primatol.2015 Apr;44(2):53-9. doi: 10.1111/jmp.12159. Epub 2015 Jan 23.
BACKGROUND: Marmoset wasting syndrome (MWS) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in captive marmosets, and thus far no reliable treatment has been found. Glucocorticoids are used widely to treat inflammatory conditions of the GI tract such as human and feline inflammatory bowel di
… In this study, we aimed to identify genetic and neurostructural abnormalities at birth in a non-human primate model of ASD, the common marmoset with maternal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), which has been reported to display social recognition deficit in adulthood. …
… In mid July 2018, the common marmoset bred in Okayama University gave birth to a triplet. … Now she has become attached to human, but we hope that she gets back to their original community, as a "common" marmoset. …
Auditory sequence perception in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Wakita Masumi
Behavioural Processes (162), 55-63, 2019-05
One of the essential linguistic and musical faculties of humans is the ability to recognize the structure of sound configurations and to extract words and melodies from continuous sound sequences. How …
Marmosets are the 22 New World monkey species of the genera Callithrix, Cebuella, Callibella, and Mico. All four genera are part of the biological family Callitrichidae. The term marmoset is also used in reference to the Goeldi's Monkey, ...