madura foot

WordNet

1. pay for something; "pick up the tab"; "pick up the burden of high-interest mortgages"; "foot the bill" (同)pick
2. a linear unit of length equal to 12 inches or a third of a yard; "he is six feet tall" (同)ft
3. any of various organs of locomotion or attachment in invertebrates (同)invertebrate foot
4. a support resembling a pedal extremity; "one foot of the chair was on the carpet"
5. travel by walking; "he followed on foot"; "the swiftest of foot"
6. the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint; "his bare feet projected from his trousers"; "armored from head to foot" (同)human foot, pes
7. a member of a surveillance team who works on foot or rides as a passenger
8. the lower part of anything; "curled up on the foot of the bed"; "the foot of the page"; "the foot of the list"; "the foot of the mountain"
9. add a column of numbers (同)foot up
10. walk; "lets hoof it to the disco" (同)leg it, hoof, hoof it
11. a relation that provides the foundation for something; "they were on a friendly footing"; "he worked on an interim basis" (同)basis, ground
12. status with respect to the relations between people or groups; "on good terms with her in-laws"; "on a friendly footing" (同)terms
13. having feet; "footed creatures"; "a footed sofa"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉(人間・動物の)『足』(くるぶしから先の部分);(生物体の)足状の部分 / 〈C〉《通例the~》(高い物・長い物の)『足部』,下部,低部《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《通例the foot》(階級・地位などの)最下位《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉『歩み』,足取り / 〈C〉『フィート』(長さの単位で12インチ,30.48センチ) / 〈C〉詩脚(詩における韻律の単位) / 〈C〉《通例単数形で》(靴下の)足の部分 / 〈勘定など〉‘を'支払う
2. 《a ~》足もと;足がかり,足場 / 確実な立場,安定した地位,基盤 / (…との)間柄,相互関係《+『with』+『名』》
3. (花びん・ゴブレットなどが)足のついた,足のある / 《複合語を作って》「足が…の」の意を表す

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/17 08:52:17」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For the bacterial disease formerly known as "actinomycetoma", see Actinomycosis.

Mycetoma
Madura Foot
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Infectious disease
ICD-10	B47.0
DiseasesDB	8472
eMedicine	med/30 derm/280 derm/147
Patient UK	Eumycetoma
MeSH	D008271

Eumycetoma is a chronic granulomatous fungal disease of humans, affecting mainly the limbs, and sometimes the abdominal and chest walls or the head. Mycetoma pedis (mycetoma of the foot), the most common form of mycetoma, is known widely as the Madura foot. The infection is endemic in Africa, India and the Central and South Americas.

Signs and symptoms

The initial lesion is a small subcutaneous swelling following minor trauma. Later, sinuses that discharge purulent and seropurulent exudates containing grains which are fungal colonies are formed. Destruction of deeper tissues, and deformity and loss of function in the affected limbs may occur in late stages.

Cause

Mycetoma may be caused by bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetes, or by fungi (Eumycetes) where it is called Eumycetoma. Bacterial and fungal species that can cause mycetoma are listed below under their characteristic colours of discharge from infected wounds:

Red discharge

• Actinomadura pelletieri

White or Yellow discharge

• Acremonium strictum
• Actinomadura madurae
• Aspergillus nidulans
• Noetestudina rosatii
• Phaeoacremonium krajdenii
• Pseudallescheria boydii

Black discharge

• Aspergillus terreus
• Curvularia lunata
• Cladophialophora bantiana
• Exophiala jeanselmei
• Leptosphaeria senegalensis
• Leptosphaeria tompkinsii
• Madurella grisea
• Madurella mycetomatis
• Pyrenochaeta romeroi

Some species of the bacterial genus Nocardia (including Nocardia asteroides and Nocardia brasiliensis) which can cause mycetoma produce a yellow coloured discharge, and those of the bacterial genus Streptomyces (including Streptomcyes somaliensis) produce an yellow or red coloured discharge.

Pathogenesis

The disease is usually seen in field workers like farmers, and generally affects men between 20 and 40 years. The disease is acquired by inoculation of grains of fungal spores from the soil through a breach in the skin produced by minor trauma like a thorn prick. The disease then spreads to deeper tissues and also forms sinus tracts leading to skin surface. Mature lesions are characterised by a grainy discharge from these sinuses. These discharges contain fungal colonies and are infective. Spread of infection internally through blood or lymph is uncommon.

Infections that produce a black discharge mainly spread subcutaneously. In the red and yellow varieties deep spread occurs early, infiltrating muscles and bones but sparing nerves and tendons, which are highly resistant to the invasion.

Botryomycosis, also known as bacterial pseudomycosis, produces a similar clinical picture and is caused usually by Staphylococcus aureus. Other bacteria may also cause botryomycosis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of mycetoma is usually established clinically in endemic areas. X rays and ultrasonography may be employed in evaluating the extent of the disease. X rays findings are extremely variable. The disease is most often observed at an advanced stage that exhibits extensive destruction of all bones of the foot. Rarely, a single lesion may be seen in the tibia where the picture is identical with chronic osteomyelitis.Cytology of fine needle aspirate or pus from the lesion, and tissue biopsy may be undertaken sometimes. MRI - Some publications have stated a "dot in a circle sign" as a characteristic MRI feature for this condition (this feature has also been described on ultrasound. Etymology.

Madura Foot X-Ray

Differential diagnosis

The following clinical conditions may be considered before diagnosing a patient with mycetoma:

1. Tuberculous ulcer
2. Kaposi's sarcoma, a vascular tumour of skin usually seen in AIDS.
3. Leprosy
4. Syphilis
5. Malignant Neoplasm
6. Tropical ulcer
7. Botryomycosis, a skin infection usually caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.

Prevention

No vaccine is available. Simple hygienic precautions like wearing shoes or sandals while working in fields, and washing hands and feet at regular intervals may help prevent the disease.

Treatment

Drugs like ketoconazole, voriconazole, and itraconazole are generally employed in treating the infection. Actinomycetes usually respond well to medical treatment, but the eumycetes are generally resistant and may require surgical interventions including amputation.

Epidemiology

The disease is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. The exact incidence and geographical distribution of mycetoma throughout the world is not known as the disease is usually painless, slowly progressive and presented to health centres only in late stages by majority of patients. Mycetoma has an uneven worldwide distribution.

History

Madura foot or maduromycosis or maduramycosis, is described in ancient writings of India as Padavalmika, which, translated means Foot anthill. The first modern description of Madura foot was made in 1842 from Madurai (the city after which the disease was named Maduramycosis) in India, by Gill. The fungal etiology of the disease was established in 1860 by Carter.

References

External links

• Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures/The Fungus Research Center Fungal Biodiversity Center
• DermNet fungal/mycetoma

• DermAtlas 336868008

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 真菌性菌腫 eumycetoma
• 2. ノカルジア症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of nocardiosis
• 3. ノカルジア症の治療 treatment of nocardiosis
• 4. 大量喀血：原因 massive hemoptysis causes
• 5. ブドウ菌腫 botryomycosis

English Journal

• Efficient staining of actinomycetoma and eumycetoma grains using henna extract.

• Batran SE1.
• Biotechnic & histochemistry : official publication of the Biological Stain Commission.Biotech Histochem.2015 Dec;90(8):568-72. doi: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1046490. Epub 2015 Jun 8.
• The use of natural, nontoxic, convenient and eco-friendly dyes for histopathological diagnosis avoids some of the synthetic dyes' hazards. I used an aqueous extract of henna at a concentration of 20 g/ml and acidified with acetic acid to stain mycetoma grains. Henna stained mycetoma grains orange-re
• PMID 26052737

• Human cervicofacial mycetoma caused by Streptomyces griseus: First case report.

• Chander J1, Singla N2, Handa U3.
• Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi.J Microbiol Immunol Infect.2015 Dec;48(6):703-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2012.12.002. Epub 2013 Mar 5.
• Streptomyces griseus causes subcutaneous mycetomas in felines and dolphins; however, human mycetoma caused by S. griseus has not previously been reported. Hereby, we report a case of a 50-year-old female presenting with swelling in the left upper cervical region and the left cheek that lasted for 6
• PMID 23465713

Japanese Journal

• 極めて希なマズラ足の1例

• 坂山 憲史,木谷 彰岐,柴田 大法
• 中部日本整形外科災害外科学会雑誌. 中部日本整形外科災害外科学会抄録 43(1), 241-242, 2000-01-01
• NAID 10009765844

• 活火山地域の河川の開発・保全 - 東部ジャワ, カリブランタス流域を例として -

• 春山 成子,大矢 雅彦,水原 嘉男,HARUYAMA Shigeko,OYA Masahik,MIZUHARA Yoshio
• 地學雜誌 101(2), 89-106, 1992
• … The Kali Brantas originates in Mt. Arjuno and round the foot of the Butac and Kelud Volcanos which are active volcanos, and then pours into the Madura Strait.The southern part of the Kelud Volcano consists of the following geomorphic elements: piedmont gentle slope of the volcano, a slightly hilly area on the gently sloping terrace, valley floor plain, marsh, abandoned river course, steep slope, etc.The Kali Brantas plain consists of the following geomorphic elements: natural levees, back-swamps, a delta, lagoon, sand-spits, etc. …
• NAID 110000379664

Related Links

• Madura foot - definition of Madura foot in the Medical ...

foot (foot) 1. the distal portion of the leg, upon which an individual stands and walks; in humans, the tarsus, metatarsus, phalanges, and the surrounding tissue. ... [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] [FIGURE 2 OMITTED] Discussion Madura foot ...

• Madura foot とは - コトバンク - コトバンク - 時事問題、ニュース ...

世界大百科事典 第2版 Madura footの用語解説 - 癩は癩菌によって引き起こされ，かつては全世界的に蔓延したが，現在ではおもに熱帯および亜熱帯地方に残存している。 真菌類のノカルジアNocardiaは，熱帯地方のノカルジア症，たとえば ...

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「maduromycosis」
関連記事	「foot」

「maduromycosis」

　　[★]

マズラ菌症

関

madura foot、mycetoma

「foot」

　　[★]

関

feet