WordNet

imprudently incurring risk; "do something rash that he will forever repent"- George Meredith
any red eruption of the skin (同)roseola, efflorescence, skin_rash
a series of unexpected and unpleasant occurrences; "a rash of bank robberies"; "a blizzard of lawsuits" (同)blizzard

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人・行動などが)『向こう見ずな』,無分別な(reckless);性急な
発疹(はっしん)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/23 16:16:23」(JST)

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A maculopapular rash is a type of rash characterized by a flat, red area on the skin that is covered with small confluent bumps. It may only appear red in lighter-skinned people. The term "maculopapular" is a compound: macules are small, flat discolored spots on the surface of the skin; and papules are small, raised bumps. It is also described as erythematous, or red.

This type of rash is common in several diseases and medical conditions, including scarlet fever, measles, Ebola virus disease, rubella, secondary syphilis(Congenit syphilis, which being assymptomatic, the newborn may present this type of rash), erythrovirus (parvovirus B19), chikungunya (alphavirus), and heat rash. It is also a common manifestation of a skin reaction to the antibiotic amoxicillin or chemotherapy drugs.^[1] Cutaneous infiltration of leukemic cells may also have this appearance. Maculopapular rash is seen in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) developed after a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (bone marrow transplant), which can be seen within one week or several weeks after the transplant. In the case of GVHD, the maculopapular rash may progress to a condition similar to toxic epidermal necrolysis.^[2] In addition, this is the type of rash that some patients presenting with Ebola virus hemorrhagic (EBO-Z) fever will reveal but can be hard to see on dark skin people.^[3] It is also seen in patients with Marburg hemorrhagic fever, a filovirus not unlike Ebola.

This type of rash can be as a result of large doses of niacin or no-flush niacin (2000 – 2500 mg),^{[citation needed]} used for the management of low HDL cholesterol.^[4]

This type of rash can also be a symptom of Sea bather's eruption. This stinging, pruritic, maculopapular rash affects swimmers in some Atlantic locales (e.g., Florida, Caribbean, Long Island). It is caused by hypersensitivity to stings from the larvae of the sea anemone (e.g., Edwardsiella lineate) or the thimble jellyfish (Linuche unguiculata). The rash appears where the bathing suit contacts the skin. [See http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries_poisoning/bites_and_stings/marine_bites_and_stings.html]

References

^ Managing allergic reactions to chemotherapy, chemocare.com
^ Graft Versus Host Disease, emedicine.com
^ Stanford University 1997, Accessed Oct. 2014 https://web.stanford.edu/group/virus/filo/humandiseases.html
^ McGovern ME (2005). "Taking aim at HDL-C. Raising levels to reduce cardiovascular risk". Postgrad Med 117 (4): 29–30, 33–5, 39 passim. doi:10.3810/pgm.2005.04.1610. PMID 15842130.

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4. http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/pdfs/CHIKV_Clinicians.pdf

UpToDate Contents

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1. 斑状の皮膚病変を有する患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with macular skin lesions
2. 皮膚疾患診断へのアプローチ approach to dermatologic diagnosis
3. 急性期および早期のHIV感染：臨床症状および診断 acute and early hiv infection clinical manifestations and diagnosis
4. 発疹性（麻疹様）薬疹 exanthematous morbilliform drug eruption
5. マクロライド系剤、アミノグリコシド、テトラサイクリン、クリンダマイシン、および
メトロニダゾールに対する過敏反応 hypersensitivity reactions to macrolides aminoglycosides tetracyclines clindamycin and metronidazole

English Journal

Allergic sensitization to pegylated interferon-α results in drug eruptions.

Meller S1, Gerber PA1, Kislat A1, Hevezi P1,2, Göbel T3, Wiesner U1, Kellermann S1, Bünemann E1, Zlotnik A2, Häussinger D3, Erhardt A3, Homey B1.
Allergy.Allergy.2015 Jul;70(7):775-83. doi: 10.1111/all.12618. Epub 2015 May 6.
BACKGROUND: The introduction of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-α in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C has led to an increase in sustained virological response. Despite reduced immunogenicity of the pegylated form in comparison with native interferon (IFN)-α, a high frequency of adverse cutaneou
PMID 25831972

Phase I/II study of vemurafenib in patients with unresectable or recurrent melanoma with BRAFV 600 mutations.

Yamazaki N1, Kiyohara Y2, Sugaya N3, Uhara H4.
The Journal of dermatology.J Dermatol.2015 Jul;42(7):661-666. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.12873. Epub 2015 Apr 17.
We investigated the efficacy and safety of vemurafenib in Japanese patients with unresectable or recurrent melanoma with BRAFV 600 mutations. This was a two-step open-label multicenter phase I/II study. Step 1 evaluated the initial safety of vemurafenib 960 mg administrated p.o. twice daily in thre
PMID 25884515

Measles Virus Infection Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Children in Nigeria.

Faneye AO1, Adeniji JA1, Olusola BA1, Motayo BO1, Akintunde GB2.
Viral immunology.Viral Immunol.2015 Jul-Aug;28(6):304-8. doi: 10.1089/vim.2014.0118. Epub 2015 Jun 23.
This study investigated measles infection in vaccinated and unvaccinated children presenting with fever and maculopapular rash during measles outbreaks in the southern and western states of Nigeria. Measles, an acute viral illness caused by a virus in the family Paramyxoviridae, is a vaccine-prevent
PMID 26102341

Japanese Journal

著明な低ガンマグロブリン血症を伴った薬剤起因性肝内胆汁うっ滞症の1例

前山豊明,服巻勝正,大曲和博,平井賢治,和田達郎,松本博,神代龍吉,江口尚久,安倍弘彦,谷川久一
肝臓 23(3), 317-324, 1982
ST (sulfamethoxazol trimethoprim)合剤内服後,約2週目に発熱,発疹,黄疸にて発症した薬剤起因性肝内胆汁うっ滞症に伴って,著明な低ガンマグロブリン血症を呈す症例を経験した.ことにIgAの低下が特徴的で,黄疸が消失して約1カ年経過した時点においても,その回復は不良である.同時に,ツ反応・PHA皮膚試験陰性など,細胞性免疫の低下を示唆する所見が,黄疸消失時まで持続した.& …
NAID 130000878286

HAND, FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE CAUSED BY COXSACKIE A16 VIRUS IN NORTHERN PART OF KYUSHU, 1968

SHINGU MASAHISA,TSUTSUMI KUNITADA,OZAWA TAKESHI,GOSHI MASAOMI,NAKAGAWA YOH,SHINGU KOJI
The Kurume Medical Journal 17(4), 205-210, 1970
… mouth disease was reported in 1957 in Toronto, Canada and Coxsackie virus group A type 16 was implicated.Robinson, Doane and Rhodes described an illness evidently due to an A 16 Coxsackie virus in which the febrile course was marked by oral blisters and a maculopapular rash of the hands and the feet that characteristically became vesicular and to which the name “hand, foot and mouth” disease is frequently applied.Type A16 is most common, but A5 and A10 have been reported occasionally.The following is a report of 14 cases …
NAID 130000891714