mackerel

マアジ

関

bluegill、croaker、mahi-mahi、perch、Perciformes、Sparus、sunfish

　 　 　

WordNet

1. any of various fishes of the family Scombridae
2. flesh of very important usually small (to 18 in) fatty Atlantic fish
3. cause to perch or sit; "She perched her hat on her head"
4. a linear measure of 16.5 feet (同)rod, pole
5. a square rod of land (同)rod, pole
6. any of numerous spiny-finned fishes of various families of the order Perciformes
7. spiny-finned freshwater food and game fishes
8. support consisting of a branch or rod that serves as a resting place (especially for a bird)
9. an elevated place serving as a seat
10. any of numerous fishes of America and Europe
11. sit, as on a branch; "The birds perched high in the tree" (同)roost, rest
12. small carnivorous freshwater percoid fishes of North America usually having a laterally compressed body and metallic luster: crappies; black bass; bluegills; pumpkinseed (同)centrarchid
13. the lean flesh of any of numerous American perch-like fishes of the family Centrarchidae
14. important edible sunfish of eastern and central United States (同)Lepomis macrochirus
15. any of several fishes that make a croaking noise
16. the lean flesh of a saltwater fish caught along Atlantic coast of southern U.S.
17. one of the largest natural groups of fishes of both marine and fresh water: true perches; basses; tuna (同)order Perciformes, Percomorphi, order Percomorphi
18. small silvery fish; Nova Scotia to Brazil (同)mackerel shad, Decapterus macarellus
19. medium-sized mackerel of temperate Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico (同)Scomber colias
20. predatory tropical fishes with jutting jaws and strong teeth (同)Gempylus serpens
21. a sky filled with rows of cirrocumulus or small altocumulus clouds
22. mackerel cured by smoking

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. サバ;サバ類の魚
2. (鳥の)『止まり木』,(枝など)止まり木になるもの / 高い場所;(一般に)高い地位 / 《英》パーチ(長さの単位,約5メートル;面積の単位,25.3平方メートル) / (高い所に)…‘を'置く,のせる《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / 〈鳥が〉止まり木に止まる / (高い所に)止まる,休む,腰をすえる《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》
3. スズキの類(食用になる近海魚)
4. マンボウ(フグ目の大型の海魚)
5. 米国Mississippi川流域産のクロマス科の談水魚

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/29 23:33:56」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Mackerel (disambiguation).

Mackerel

Some species of mackerel migrate in schools for long distances along the coast and other species cross oceans

Global commercial capture of mackerel in million tonnes
as reported by the FAO 1950–2009

Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of pelagic fish, mostly, but not exclusively, from the family Scombridae. They are found in both temperate and tropical seas, mostly living along the coast or offshore in the oceanic environment.

Mackerel typically have vertical stripes on their backs and deeply forked tails. Many species are restricted in their distribution ranges, and live in separate populations or fish stocks based on geography. Some stocks migrate in large schools along the coast to suitable spawning grounds, where they spawn in fairly shallow waters. After spawning they return the way they came, in smaller schools, to suitable feeding grounds often near an area of upwelling. From there they may move offshore into deeper waters and spend the winter in relative inactivity. Other stocks migrate across oceans.

Smaller mackerel are forage fish for larger predators, including larger mackerel. Flocks of seabirds, as well as whales, dolphins, sharks and schools of larger fish such as tuna and marlin follow mackerel schools and attack them in sophisticated and cooperative ways. Mackerel is high in omega-3 oils and is intensively harvested by humans. In 2009, over five millions tonnes were landed by commercial fishermen (see graph on the right). Sport fisherman value the fighting abilities of the king mackerel.

Species

Over thirty different species, principally belonging to the family Scombridae, are commonly referred to as mackerel. The term mackerel derives from the Old French maquerel, c.1300, meaning a pimp or procurer. The connection is not altogether clear, but mackerel spawn enthusiastically in shoals near the coast, and medieval ideas on animal procreation were creative.

Scombroid mackerels

About 21 species in the family Scombridae are commonly called mackerel. The type species for the scombroid mackerel is the Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus. Until recently, it was thought that Atlantic chub mackerel and Indo-Pacific chub mackerel were subspecies of the same species. In 1999 Collette established, on molecular and morphological considerations, that these are separate species. Mackerel are smaller with shorter life cycles than their close relatives, the tuna, which are also members of the same family.

This article is one of a series on
Commercial fish
Large pelagic
billfish, bonito mackerel, salmon shark, tuna
Forage
anchovy, herring menhaden, sardine shad, sprat
Demersal
cod, eel, flatfish pollock, ray
Mixed
carp, tilapia

Scombroid mackerel species
Common name	Scientific name	Maximum length	Common length	Maximum weight	Maximum age	Trophic level	FishBase	FAO	IUCN status
Atlantic mackerel	Scomber scombrus (Linnaeus, 1758)	66 cm	cm	kg	12 years west 18 years east	3.65			Least concern
Atlantic chub mackerel	Scomber colias (Gmelin, 1789)	cm	cm	kg	years	3.91			Least concern
Atlantic Spanish mackerel	Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill, 1815)	91 cm	cm	5.89 kg	5 years	4.5			Least concern
Australian spotted mackerel	Scomberomorus munroi (Collette & Russo, 1980)	91 cm	cm	5.89 kg	5 years	4.32			Near threatened
Blue mackerel	Scomber australasicus (Cuvier, 1832)	44 cm	30 cm	1.36 kg	years	4.2			Least concern
Broadbarred king mackerel	Scomberomorus semifasciatus (Macleay, 1883)	120 cm	cm	kg	10 years	4.5			Least concern
Chub mackerel	Scomber japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782)	64 cm	30 cm	2.9 kg	18 years	3.09			Least concern
Double-lined mackerel	Grammatorcynus bilineatus (Rüppell, 1836)	100 cm	50 cm	3.5 kg	years	4.18			Least concern
Indian mackerel	Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816)	35 cm	25 cm	kg	4 years	3.19			Data deficient
Indo-Pacific king mackerel	Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)	76 cm	55 cm	kg	years	4.28			Data deficient
Island mackerel	Rastrelliger faughni (Matsui, 1967)	20 cm	cm	0.75 kg	years	3.4			Data deficient
Japanese Spanish mackerel	Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier, 1832)	100 cm	cm	7.1 kg	years	4.5			Data deficient
King mackerel	Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier, 1829)	184 cm	70 cm	45 kg	14 years	4.5			Least concern
Monterey Spanish mackerel	Scomberomorus concolor (Lockington, 1879)	cm	cm	kg	years	4.24			Vulnerable
Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel	Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède, 1800)	240 cm	120 cm	kg	years	4.5			Near threatened
Queensland school mackerel	Scomberomorus queenslandicus (Munro, 1943)	100 cm	80 cm	12.2 kg	years	4.5			Least concern
Serra Spanish mackerel	Scomberomorus brasiliensis (Collette, Russo & Zavala-Camin, 1978)	cm	cm	kg	years	3.31			Least concern
Shark mackerel	Grammatorcynus bicarinatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)	112 cm	cm	13.5 kg	years	4.5			Least concern
Short mackerel	Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851)	34.5 cm	20 cm	kg	years	2.72			Data deficient
Streaked Spanish mackerel	Scomberomorus lineolatus (Cuvier, 1829)	80 cm	70 cm	kg	years	4.5			Least concern
West African Spanish mackerel	Scomberomorus tritor (Cuvier, 1832)	cm	cm	kg	years	4.26			Least concern

Other mackerel

In addition, a number of species with mackerel-like characteristics in the families Carangidae, Hexagrammidae and Gempylidae are commonly referred to as mackerel. There has been some confusion between the Pacific jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus) and the heavily harvested Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi). These have been thought at times to be the same species, but are now recognised as separate species.

Other mackerel species
Family	Common name	Scientific name	Maximum length	Common length	Maximum weight	Maximum age	Trophic level	FishBase	FAO	IUCN status
Carangidae Jack mackerel	Atlantic horse mackerel	Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758)	70 cm	22 cm	2.0 kg	years	3.64			Not assessed
	Blue jack mackerel	Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich, 1825)	60 cm	25 cm	kg	years	3.32			Data deficient
	Cape horse mackerel	Trachurus capensis (Castelnau, 1861)	60 cm	30 cm	kg	years	3.47			Not assessed
	Chilean jack mackerel	Trachurus murphyi (Nichols, 1920)	70 cm	45 cm	kg	16 years	3.49			Data deficient
	Cunene horse mackerel	Trachurus trecae (Cadenat, 1950)	35 cm	cm	2.0 kg	years	3.49			Not assessed
	Greenback horse mackerel	Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841)	64 cm	42 cm	kg	25 years	3.93			Not assessed
	Japanese horse mackerel	Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)	50 cm	35 cm	0.66 kg	12 years	3.4			Not assessed
	Mediterranean horse mackerel	Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868)	60 cm	30 cm	kg	years	3.59			Not assessed
	Pacific jack mackerel	Trachurus symmetricus (Ayres, 1855)	81 cm	55 cm	kg	30 years	3.56			Least concern
	Yellowtail horse mackerel	Trachurus novaezelandiae (Richardson, 1843)	50 cm	35 cm	kg	25 years	4.5			Not assessed
Gempylidae Snake mackerel	Black snake mackerel	Nealotus tripes (Johnson, 1865)	25 cm	15 cm	kg	years	4.2			Not assessed
	Blacksail snake mackerel	Thyrsitoides marleyi (Fowler, 1929)	200 cm	100 cm	kg	years	4.19			Not assessed
	Snake mackerel	Gempylus serpens (Cuvier, 1829)	100 cm	60 cm	kg	years	4.35			Not assessed
	Violet snake mackerel	Nesiarchus nasutus (Johnson, 1862)	130 cm	80 cm	kg	years	4.33			Not assessed
	* White snake mackerel	Thyrsitops lepidopoides (Cuvier, 1832)	40 cm	25 cm	kg	years	3.86			Not assessed
Hexagrammidae	Okhostk Atka mackerel	Pleurogrammus azonus (Jordan & Metz, 1913)	62 cm	cm	1.6 kg	12 years	3.58			Not assessed
	Atka mackerel	Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas, 1810)	56.5 cm	cm	2.0 kg	14 years	3.33			Not assessed

Still life with mackerel, lemon and tomato, Van Gogh, 1886

The term mackerel is also used as a modifier in the common names of other fish, sometimes indicating the fish has vertical stripes similar to a scombroid mackerel:

• Mackerel icefish – Champsocephalus gunnari
• Mackerel pike – Cololabis saira
• Mackerel scad – Decapterus macarellus
• Mackerel shark – several species
• Sharp-nose mackerel shark – Isurus oxyrinchus
• Mackerel tuna – Euthynnus affinis
• Mackerel tail goldfish – Carassius auratus

By extension, the term is applied also to other species such as the mackerel tabby cat, and to inanimate objects such as the altocumulus mackerel sky cloud formation.

Characteristics

Like other scombroids, mackerel such as this Atlantic mackerel are superb swimmers, and can retract their fins into grooves on their bodies for streamlining. They have deeply forked tails and are smaller and slimmer than tuna.

Most mackerel belong to the family Scombridae, which also includes tuna and bonito. Generally mackerel are much smaller and slimmer than tuna, though in other respects they share many common characteristics. Their scales, if present at all, are extremely small. Like tuna and bonito, mackerel are voracious feeders, and swift and maneuverable swimmers which streamline themselves by retracting their fins into grooves on their body. Like other scombroids, their bodies are cylindrical with numerous finlets on the dorsal and ventral sides behind the dorsal and anal fins, but unlike the deep-bodied tuna, they are slim.

The type species for scombroid mackerels is the Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus. These fish are iridescent blue-green above with a silvery underbelly and twenty to thirty near vertical wavy black stripes running across their upper body.

It might seem that the prominent stripes on the back of mackerels are there to provide camouflage against broken backgrounds. That is not the case, because mackerel live in midwater pelagic environments which have no background. However, fish have an optokinetic reflex in their visual systems which can be sensitive to moving stripes. In order for fish to school efficiently, they need feedback mechanisms that help them align themselves with adjacent fish, and match their speed. The stripes on neighbouring fish provide "schooling marks" which signal changes in relative position.

Mackerel, such as these Pacific jack mackerel, usually have vertical stripes on their sides which provide "schooling marks", visual clues that help them stay in formation as they school.

There is a layer of thin reflecting platelets on some of the mackerel stripes. In 1998, Denton and Rowe argued that these platelets transmit additional information to other fish about how a given fish moves. As the orientation of the fish changes relative to another fish, the amount of light reflected to the second fish by this layer also changes. This sensitivity to orientation gives the mackerel "considerable advantages in being able to react quickly while schooling and feeding."

Mackerel range in size from small forage fish to larger game fish. Coastal mackerel tend to be small. The king mackerel is an example of a larger mackerel. Most fish are cold-blooded, but there are exceptions. Certain species of fish maintain elevated body temperatures. Endothermic bony fishes are all in the suborder Scombroidei and include the butterfly mackerel, a species of primitive mackerel.

Mackerel are strong swimmers. Atlantic mackerel can swim at a sustained speed of 0.98 metres/sec with a burst speed of 5.5 m/s, while chub mackerel can swim at a sustained speed of 0.92 m/s with a burst speed of 2.25 m/s.

Distribution

King mackerels cruise on long migrations at 10 kilometres per hour.

Most mackerel species have restricted distribution ranges.

• Atlantic Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus) occupy the waters off the east coast of North America from the Cape Cod area south to the Yucatan Peninsula. Its population is considered to include two fish stocks, defined by geography. As summer approaches, one stock moves in large schools north from Florida up the coast to spawn in shallow waters off the New England coast. It then returns to winter in deeper waters off Florida. The other stock migrates in large schools along the coast from Mexico to spawn in shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico off Texas. It then returns to winter in deeper waters off the Mexican coast. These stocks are managed separately, even though genetically they are identical.

• The Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) is a coastal species found only in the north Atlantic. The stock on the west side of the Atlantic is largely independent of the stock on the east side. The stock on the east Atlantic currently operates as three separate stocks, the southern, western and North Sea stocks, each with their own migration patterns. Some mixing of the east Atlantic stocks takes place in feeding grounds towards the north, but there is almost no mixing between the east and west Atlantic stocks.

• Another common coastal species, the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus), is absent from the Atlantic Ocean but is widespread across both hemispheres in the Pacific, where its migration patterns are somewhat similar to those of Atlantic mackerel. In the northern hemisphere, chub mackerel migrate northwards in the summer to feeding grounds, and southwards in the winter when they spawn in relatively shallow waters. In the southern hemisphere the migrations are reversed. After spawning, some stocks migrate down the continental slope to deeper water and spend the rest of the winter in relative inactivity.

• The Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi), the most intensively harvested mackerel-like species, is found in the south Pacific from West Australia to the coasts of Chile and Peru. A sister species, the Pacific jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus), is found in the north Pacific. The Chilean jack mackerel occurs along the coasts in upwelling areas, but also migrates across the open ocean. Its abundance can fluctuate markedly as ocean conditions change, and is particularly affected by the El Nino.

Three species of jack mackerels are found in coastal waters around New Zealand; the Australasian, Chilean and Pacific jack mackerels. They are mainly captured using purse seine nets, and are managed as a single stock that includes multiple species.

Some mackerel species migrate vertically. Adult snake mackerels conduct a diel vertical migration, staying in deeper water during the day and rising to the surface at night to feed. The young and juveniles also migrate vertically but in the opposite direction, staying near the surface during the day and moving deeper at night. This species feeds on squid, pelagic crustaceans, lanternfishes, flying fishes, sauries and other mackerel. It is in turn preyed upon by tuna and marlin.

Life cycle

Gannets and other seabirds fuel themselves with mackerel

Mackerel are prolific broadcast spawners. Individual females lay between 300,000 and 1,500,000 eggs. Their eggs and larvae are pelagic, that is, they float free in the open sea. The larvae and juvenile mackerel feed on zooplankton. As adults they have sharp teeth, and hunt small crustaceans such as copepods, as well as forage fish, shrimp and squid. In turn they are hunted by larger pelagic animals such as tuna, billfish, sea lions, sharks and pelicans.

Off Madagascar, spinner sharks follow migrating schools of mackerel. Bryde's whales feed on mackerel when they can find them. They use several feeding methods, including skimming the surface, lunging, and bubble nets.

Fisheries

Global capture of mackerel in tonnes reported by the FAO 1950–2009

↑  Scombroid mackerels

↑  Non-scombroid mackerels

Main commercial species

The chub mackerel is the most intensively fished mackerel in the scombroid family

Chilean jack mackerel have been overfished and may be in danger of collapsing. Here an entire school of about 400 tons is encircled by a purse seiner.

Chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, are the most intensively fished scombroid mackerel. As can be seen from the graph on the right, they account for about half the total capture production of scombroid mackerels. As a species they are easily confused with Atlantic mackerel. Chub mackerel migrate long distances in oceans and across the Mediterranean. They can be caught with drift nets and suitable trawls, but are most usually caught with surround nets at night by attracting them with lampara lamps.

The remaining catch of scombroid mackerels is divided equally between the Atlantic mackerel and all other scombroid mackerels. Just two species account for about 75% of the total catch of scombroid mackerels.

Chilean jack mackerel are the most commonly fished non-scombroid mackerel, fished as heavily as chub mackerel (see second graph on the right). The species has been overfished, and its fishery may now be in danger of collapsing.

Smaller mackerel behave like herrings, and are captured in similar ways. Fish species like these, which school near the surface, can be caught efficiently by purse seining. Huge purse seiner vessels use spotter planes to locate the schooling fish. They close in, using sophisticated sonar to track the shape of the shoal. Entire schools are then encircled with fast auxiliary boats which deploy purse seine nets as they speed around the school.

Suitably designed trollers can also catch mackerels effectively when they swim near the surface. Trollers typically have several long booms which they lift and drop with "topping lifts". They haul their lines with electric or hydraulic reels. Fish aggregating devices are also used to target mackerel.

Images and videos
Longlining for mackerel Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, largest of the scombroid mackerels and a fine game fish for sport fishermen	External videos Bluefin Baitball YouTube Atlantic Mackerel Purse Seining 2007 YouTube

Management

The North Sea has been overfished to the point where the ecological balance has become disrupted and many jobs in the fishing industry have been lost.

The Southeast US region spans the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea and the US Southeast Atlantic. Overfishing of king and Spanish mackerel occurred in the 1980s. Regulations were introduced to restrict the size, amount of catch, fishing locations and bag limits for recreational fishers as well as commercial fishers. Gillnets were banned in waters off Florida. By 2001, the mackerel stocks had bounced back.

As food

Atlantic mackerel on ice at a fishmongers

Main article: Mackerel (food)

Mackerel is an important food fish that is consumed worldwide. As an oily fish, it is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids. The flesh of mackerel spoils quickly, especially in the tropics, and can cause scombroid food poisoning. Accordingly, it should be eaten on the day of capture, unless properly refrigerated or cured.

Mackerel preservation is not simple. Before the 19th-century development of canning and the widespread availability of refrigeration, salting and smoking were the principal preservation methods available. Historically in England, this fish was not preserved, but was consumed only in its fresh form. However, spoilage was common, leading the authors of The Cambridge Economic History of Europe to remark: "There are more references to stinking mackerel in English literature than to any other fish!" In France mackerel was traditionally pickled with large amounts of salt, which allowed it to be sold widely across the country.

Miscellany

In the 2000s it was reported that inmates in United States federal prisons had developed a custom of using packages of mackerel (typically packed in pouches) as a form of currency for bartering between inmates. This occurred after cigarettes, the previous prison currency, were banned.

Notes

Other references

• Ahlstrom EH (1956) "Eggs and larvae of anchovy, jack mackerel, and Pacific mackerel" CalCOFI Reports, 5: 33–42.
• Bertrand A, MA Barbieri, F Gerlotto, F Leiva and J Cordova (2006) "Determinism and plasticity of fish schooling behaviour as exemplified by the South Pacific jack mackerel Trachurus murphyi" Marine Ecology Progress Series, 311: 145–156.
• Bigelow HB and Schroeder WC (1953) Fishes of the Gulf of Maine: Mackerel Fisheries Bulletin, Volume 53, Number 74, United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
• Burton M and Burton R (2002) International Wildlife Encyclopedia Marshall Cavendish, pp. 1517–1518. ISBN 978-0-7614-7266-7.
• Hays GC (1996) "Large-scale patterns of diel vertical migration in the North Atlantic" Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research,43 (10): 1601–1615.
• Keay JN (2001) Handling and processing mackerel Torry advisory note 66.
• Masuda R, Shoji J, Nakatama Sand Tanaka T (2003) "Development of schooling behavior in Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius during early ontogeny" Fisheries Science, 69: 772–776.
• Nakayama S, Masuda R and Tanaka M (2007) Onsets of schooling behavior and social transmission in chub mackerel Scomber japonicus Behav Ecol Sociobiol, 61:1383–1390. doi:10.1007/s00265-007-0368-4
• Nakayama A, Masuda R, Shoji J, Takeuchi T and Tanaka M (2003) "Effect of prey items on the development of schooling behavior in chub mackerel Scomber japonicus in the laboratory" Fisheries Science, 69: 670–676.
• Nakayama S, Masuda R and Tanaka M (2007) "Onsets of schooling behavior and social transmission in chub mackerel Scomber japonicus" Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 61 (9): 1383–1390.
• SPRFMO(2009) Information describing Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) fisheries relating to the South Pacific Regional Fishery Management Organisation Working draft.

External links

• Atlantic Mackerel British Marine Life Study Society. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
• Mackerel nutrition facts
• Fishing for mackerel

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English Journal

• Proteomics analysis in frozen horse mackerel previously high-pressure processed.

• Pazos M1, Méndez L1, Vázquez M2, Aubourg SP3.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Oct 15;185:495-502. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.144. Epub 2015 Apr 4.
• The effect of high-pressure processing (HPP) (150, 300 and 450 MPa for 0, 2.5 and 5 min) on total sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-soluble and sarcoplasmic proteins in frozen (-10 °C for 3 months) horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) was evaluated. Proteomics tools based on image analysis of SDS-PAGE
• PMID 25952898

• A complex of species related to Paradiscogaster glebulae (Digenea: Faustulidae) in chaetodontid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes) of the Great Barrier Reef.

• Diaz PE1, Bray RA2, Cutmore SC3, Ward S3, Cribb TH3.
• Parasitology international.Parasitol Int.2015 Oct;64(5):421-8. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.06.004. Epub 2015 Jun 18.
• A total of 1523 individuals of 34 species of chaetodontids from the Great Barrier Reef were examined for faustulid trematodes. Specimens resembling Paradiscogaster glebulae Bray, Cribb & Barker, 1994 were found in nine chaetodontid species at three localities. These specimens are shown, on the b
• PMID 26096311

• Aporocotyle michaudi n. sp. (Digenea: Aporocotylidae) from the emerald rock cod, Trematomus bernacchii (Teleostei: Perciformes) in Antarctica.

• Santoro M1, Cipriani P2, Pankov P3, Lawton SP4.
• Parasitology international.Parasitol Int.2015 Oct;64(5):324-9. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.05.003. Epub 2015 May 12.
• Aporocotyle michaudi n. sp. is described from the gill blood vessels of the emerald rock cod Trematomus bernacchii in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. It is distinguished from all other species of Aporocotyle by its body tegument showing single conical spines, spinous buccal capsule, and genital atrium pos
• PMID 25979611

• Freshness estimation of intact frozen fish using fluorescence spectroscopy and chemometrics of excitation-emission matrix.

• ElMasry G1, Nagai H2, Moria K3, Nakazawa N3, Tsuta M4, Sugiyama J4, Okazaki E3, Nakauchi S2.
• Talanta.Talanta.2015 Oct 1;143:145-56. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.031. Epub 2015 May 21.
• The current study attempted to provide a convenient, non-invasive and time-saving method to estimate the freshness of intact horse mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) fish in a frozen state using autofluorescence spectroscopy in tandem with multivariate analysis of fluorescence excitation-emission matric
• PMID 26078142

Japanese Journal

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• 美味技術学会誌 = Journal of the Japanese Society of Taste Technology 16(2), 30-36, 2018-01
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• 電気抵抗値を用いたマサバの魚肉脂質含量の推定技術の開発

• 日本水産学会誌 84(2), 274-279, 2018
• NAID 130006515984

• Detection of Anisakid Larvae in Marinated Mackerel Sushi in Tokyo, Japan

• Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 71(1), 88-89, 2018
• NAID 130006317378

Related Links

• Mackerelとは - goo Wikipedia (ウィキペディア)

Most mackerel belong to the family Scombridae, which also includes tuna and bonito. Generally mackerel are much smaller and slimmer than tuna, though in other respects they share many common characteristics. Their scales, if ...

• Mackerel（マカレル）: 新世代のサーバ管理・監視ツール

複数のサーバーを 『役割』で 手軽に管理 Mackerel（マカレル）には『役割（Role）』という概念があります。ユーザーが所有するサーバーを「アプリケーションサーバー」「データベースサーバー」などの機能、つまり『役割』で分類 ...

• Mackerel: A Revolutionary New Kind of Application ...

Easy Management of Multiple Servers with “Roles” “Roles” are a central concept of Mackerel. Your servers can be assigned to the application server role, database server role, or other roles as needed.By organizing servers under the ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「perch」「マアジ」「Sparus」「sunfish」「bluegill」

「perch」

　　[★]

スズキ

関

bluegill、croaker、mackerel、mahi-mahi、Perciformes、Sparus、sunfish

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「マアジ」

　　[★]

英

mackerel

関

スパルス属、スズキ、ブルーギル、マヒマヒ、ニベ類、マンボウ、スズキ目

「Sparus」

　　[★]

スパルス属、Sparus属

関

bluegill、croaker、mackerel、mahi-mahi、perch、Perciformes、sunfish

「sunfish」

　　[★]

マンボウ

関

bluegill、croaker、mackerel、mahi-mahi、perch、Perciformes、Sparus

　 　 　

「bluegill」

　　[★]

ブルーギル

関

croaker、mackerel、mahi-mahi、perch、Perciformes、Sparus、sunfish