perch

スズキ

関

bluegill、croaker、mackerel、mahi-mahi、Perciformes、Sparus、sunfish

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. cause to perch or sit; "She perched her hat on her head"
2. a linear measure of 16.5 feet (同)rod, pole
3. a square rod of land (同)rod, pole
4. any of numerous spiny-finned fishes of various families of the order Perciformes
5. spiny-finned freshwater food and game fishes
6. support consisting of a branch or rod that serves as a resting place (especially for a bird)
7. an elevated place serving as a seat
8. any of numerous fishes of America and Europe
9. sit, as on a branch; "The birds perched high in the tree" (同)roost, rest
10. small carnivorous freshwater percoid fishes of North America usually having a laterally compressed body and metallic luster: crappies; black bass; bluegills; pumpkinseed (同)centrarchid
11. the lean flesh of any of numerous American perch-like fishes of the family Centrarchidae
12. any of various fishes of the family Scombridae
13. flesh of very important usually small (to 18 in) fatty Atlantic fish
14. important edible sunfish of eastern and central United States (同)Lepomis macrochirus
15. any of several fishes that make a croaking noise
16. the lean flesh of a saltwater fish caught along Atlantic coast of southern U.S.
17. one of the largest natural groups of fishes of both marine and fresh water: true perches; basses; tuna (同)order Perciformes, Percomorphi, order Percomorphi
18. any of several pike-like fishes of the perch family (同)pike perch
19. North American perch (同)Perca flavescens

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (鳥の)『止まり木』,(枝など)止まり木になるもの / 高い場所;(一般に)高い地位 / 《英》パーチ(長さの単位,約5メートル;面積の単位,25.3平方メートル) / (高い所に)…‘を'置く,のせる《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / 〈鳥が〉止まり木に止まる / (高い所に)止まる,休む,腰をすえる《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》
2. スズキの類(食用になる近海魚)
3. マンボウ(フグ目の大型の海魚)
4. サバ;サバ類の魚
5. 米国Mississippi川流域産のクロマス科の談水魚
6. …『につき』,…ごとに / 《文》…によって,…で,…を通じて / 《しばしば『as per』…で》…によって示された通りに,…に従って

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/22 23:20:55」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about the genus of fish. For other uses, see Perch (disambiguation).

"Perches" redirects here. For the municipality in Haiti, see Perches, Nord-Est.

"The Perch" redirects here. For the pub in Binsey, Oxfordshire, see The Perch (Binsey).

Perches
Yellow perch (Perca flavescens)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Superclass:	Osteichthyes
Class:	Actinopterygii
Subclass:	Neopterygii
Infraclass:	Teleostei
Order:	Perciformes
Family:	Percidae
Genus:	Perca Linnaeus, 1758
Species
P. flavescens (Yellow perch) P. fluviatilis (European perch) P. schrenkii (Balkhash perch)

Perch is a common name for fish of the genus Perca, freshwater gamefish belonging to the family Percidae. The perch, of which there are three species in different geographical areas, lend their name to a large order of vertebrates: the Perciformes, from the Greek perke, simply meaning perch, and the Latin forma meaning shape. Many species of freshwater gamefish more or less resemble perch, but belong to different genera. In fact, the exclusively saltwater dwelling red drum is often referred to as a red perch, though by definition perch are freshwater fish. Though many fish are referred to as perch as a common name, to be considered a true perch, the fish must be of the family Percidae.

The type species for this genus is the European perch, Perca fluviatilis.

Species

Most authorities recognize three species within the perch genus:

• The European perch (Perca fluviatilis) is found in Europe and Asia. This species is typically greenish in color with dark vertical bars on its sides with a red or orange coloring in the tips of its fins. The European perch has been successfully introduced in New Zealand and Australia, where it is known as the redfin perch or English perch. In Australia, larger specimens have been bred, but the species rarely grows larger than about six pounds.
• The Balkhash perch (Perca schrenkii) is found in Kazakhstan, (in Lake Balkhash and Lake Alakol), Uzbekistan, and China. It is very similar to the European perch, and grows to a comparable size.
• The yellow perch (Perca flavescens), smaller and paler than the European perch, is found in the United States and Canada. In northern areas, it is sometimes referred to as the lake perch. This species is prized for its food quality and has often been raised in hatcheries and introduced into areas in which it is not native. Yellow perch are almost identical in appearance to European perch, but have a more yellow coloring. These fish typically only reach a size of about 15 in and 2.2 lb (1 kg).

Anatomy

The general body type of a perch is somewhat long and rounded. True perch have "rough" or ctenoid scales. On the anterior side of the head are the maxilla and lower mandible for the mouth, a pair of nostrils, and two lidless eyes. On the posterior sides are the opercula, which protect the gills, and the lateral line system, which is sensitive to vibrations in the water. They have paired pectoral and pelvic fins, and two dorsal fins, the first one spiny and the second soft. These two fins can be separate or joined.

Habits

Perch are carnivorous fish most commonly found in small ponds, lakes, streams, or rivers. These fish feed on smaller fish, shellfish, or insect larvae, but can be caught with nearly any bait. They commonly spawn during the spring, when the females lay strings of eggs in covered areas such as near branches or underwater plants. Even though Perch can be found all over the world, they are most likely found in the Great Lakes, especially Lake Erie.

Fishing

Perch are popular sport fish species. They put up a fight, and they are good eating. They can be caught with a variety of methods, including float fishing, lure fishing and legering. The best way is to use a small hook and cast into the weeds just before the drop off. When fishing with bait, the angler will want to have a disgorger; perch are notorious for swallowing the hook, and will need aid of a disgorger or forceps for unhooking. In many parts of the world, they are also a favourite species among ice fishermen. They will take a variety of baits, including minnows, worms, maggots, goldfish, pieces of raw bacon, and softshell crayfish, but seem to prefer small fish, lobworms, red maggots, and lures. Fly fishing for perch using patterns that imitate small fry or invertebrates can be successful. The record weight for this fish in Britain is 6 lb 3 oz (2.81 kg), and in America 6 lb 4 oz (2.83 kg).

Perch grow to around 5 lb (2.3 kg) or more, but the most common fish to be caught are around 1 lb (0.45 kg) or less, and anything over 2 lb (0.91 kg) is considered a prize catch.

As food

• Boiling (Simmering)
• Grilling
• Karaage
• Tempura
• Fritter
• Nanbanzuke
• Kamaboko
• Chikuwa
• Satsuma age
• Baked

In the aquarium

As the Perch grow larger they may become too large for the aquarium or pond. They may also eat any smaller fish in the aquarium or pond which may be an issue to the owner of the fish. This fish is more reliable in a dam or larger water source such as a large pond with more freedom to live and breed. However, there are other breeds of perch such as Golden Perch or the Southern Pigmy Perch which are much smaller breeds and will eat general fish foods rather the other fish with them.

See also

• For other perch not in the Perca genus, see Perch (disambiguation).

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 腸管条虫 intestinal tapeworms

English Journal

• Wild fish from the Bay of Quinte Area of Concern contain elevated tissue concentrations of PCBs and exhibit evidence of endocrine-related health effects.

• Simmons DB1, McMaster ME1, Reiner EJ2, Hewitt LM1, Parrott JL1, Park BJ3, Brown SB1, Sherry JP1.Author information 1Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute, Burlington, ON, Canada.2Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, ON, Canada.3Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.AbstractThe Bay of Quinte (BOQ) is an Area of Concern listed under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. The presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in fish in the BOQ AOC has led to restrictions on fish consumption by humans, which is a beneficial use impairment. Adult yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) were sampled from Trenton, Belleville, and Deseronto (reference site) in the BOQ. A suite of hormone assays and various measures of exposure and/or sublethal health effects were used to assess the health status of fish of both species and sex. Condition factor, hepatosomatic index, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, circulating steroid and thyroid hormones, thyroid activation, oocyte size distribution, spermatogenic cell stages, and plasma vitellogenin were among the endpoints that were significantly (p<0.05) affected by location. Many of those effects corresponded with significantly (p<0.05) greater tissue concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at Belleville and Trenton. Hepatic extracts from brown bullhead sampled from Trenton had significantly (p<0.05) greater binding activity to the androgen receptor and sex steroid binding protein. Taken together, these data and preliminary data from a concomitant study suggest that PCBs are likely being hydroxylated in vivo, resulting in enhanced bioactivity at endocrine receptors and measurable health responses. The present study supports the growing body of evidence that PCBs and their metabolites can affect fish thyroid and steroid hormone systems.
• Environment international.Environ Int.2014 May;66:124-37. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.009. Epub 2014 Feb 25.
• The Bay of Quinte (BOQ) is an Area of Concern listed under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. The presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in fish in the BOQ AOC has led to restrictions on fish consumption by humans, which is a beneficial use impairment. Adult yellow perch (Perca flavescens) a
• PMID 24576942

• Complete (1) H NMR assignments of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and a new eudesmanoid from Senecio polypodioides.

• Villanueva-Cañongo C1, Pérez-Hernández N, Hernández-Carlos B, Cedillo-Portugal E, Joseph-Nathan P, Burgueño-Tapia E.Author information 1Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Santo Tomás, México, 11340, Mexico.AbstractChemical investigation of the aerial parts of Senecio polypodioides lead to the isolation of the new eudesmanoid 1β-angeloyloxyeudesm-7-ene-4β,9α-diol (1) and the known dirhamnosyl flavonoid lespidin (3), while from roots, the known 7β-angeloyloxy-1-methylene-8α-pyrrolizidine (5) and sarracine N-oxide (6), as well as the new neosarracine N-oxide (8), were obtained. The structure of 1 and 8 was elucidated by spectral means. Complete assignments of the (1) H NMR data for 5, 6, sarracine (7), and 8 were made using one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR experiments and by application of the iterative full spin analysis of the PERCH NMR software. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
• Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC.Magn Reson Chem.2014 May;52(5):251-7. doi: 10.1002/mrc.4054. Epub 2014 Feb 27.
• Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Senecio polypodioides lead to the isolation of the new eudesmanoid 1β-angeloyloxyeudesm-7-ene-4β,9α-diol (1) and the known dirhamnosyl flavonoid lespidin (3), while from roots, the known 7β-angeloyloxy-1-methylene-8α-pyrrolizidine (5) and sarracine
• PMID 24574143

• Novel brominated flame retardants and dechloranes in three fish species from the St. Lawrence River, Canada.

• Houde M1, Berryman D2, de Lafontaine Y3, Verreault J4.Author information 1Environment Canada, Centre Saint-Laurent, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada. Electronic address: magali.houde@ec.gc.ca.2Direction du suivi de l'état de l'environnement, Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement, de la Faune et des Parcs, 675, boul. René-Lévesque Est, 7e étage, Québec, QC G1R 5V7, Canada. Electronic address: david.berryman@mddefp.gouv.qc.ca.3Environment Canada, Centre Saint-Laurent, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada. Electronic address: yvesdelafontaine@ec.gc.ca.4Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada. Electronic address: verreault.jonathan@uqam.ca.AbstractRestrictions in the utilization of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixtures have led to the increased usage of alternative flame retardant additives in a wide range of commercial applications. The present study examined the occurrence of established and emerging flame retardants (FRs) in fish from a densely-populated urbanized sector of the St. Lawrence River (Montreal, Quebec, Canada). Thirty-eight PBDE congeners and sixteen emerging FRs were determined in fish belonging to three predatory species (yellow perch, northern pike, and muskellunge). The ∑PBDE in fish were up to 24,115ng/glipid weight (l.w.) in the apex predator muskellunge. Twelve emerging FRs including bis(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate (BEHTBP), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), Dechlorane Plus (anti and syn), dechloranes (Dec) 602, Dec 604, Dec 604 Compound B (Dec 604 CB), and Chlordene Plus (CP) were detected (>0.01ng/gl.w.) in the liver of muskellunge and northern pike but not in yellow perch homogenates. This is the first report of Dec 604 CB in any fish species. The bioavailability of these FRs in human-impacted aquatic ecosystems warrants further environmental assessment and toxicity testing.
• The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2014 May 1;479-480:48-56. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.105. Epub 2014 Feb 15.
• Restrictions in the utilization of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixtures have led to the increased usage of alternative flame retardant additives in a wide range of commercial applications. The present study examined the occurrence of established and emerging flame retardants (FRs) in fish f
• PMID 24534698

• The effect of K(+), Ca (2+), and Mg (2+) on sperm motility in the perch, Perca fluviatilis.

• Lahnsteiner F.Author information Federal Agency for Water Management, Institute for Water Ecology, Fisheries and Lake Research, Scharfling 18, 5310, Mondsee, Austria, Franz.Lahnsteiner@sbg.ac.at.AbstractThis study investigated the effect of 0.25-5 mM K(+), Ca(2+), and Mg(2+) on sperm motility in the perch, Perca fluviatilis. In 75 mM NaCl, the used motility-activating solution, motility rate, and swimming velocity decreased within the first 4 min after activation, and the rate of locally motile sperm increased. Thereafter, the motility parameters remained constant for periods >20 min. Based on the decrease in sperm motility, two types of semen samples could be distinguished. Semen samples of type I retained a high motility rate of >65 % after 20 min, and the rate of locally motile sperm was <20 %. In semen samples of type II, the motility rate decreased to values <30 % after 20 min, and the rate of locally motile sperm exceeded >50 %. Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) concentrations of 0.25-0.5 mM had no effect on the sperm motility parameters 10 s after activation, while 0.25 mM K(+) increased the swimming velocity. K(+), Ca(2+), and Mg(2+) concentrations ≥1.5 mM had suppressive effects on the sperm motility 10 s after activation. No differences were found between the two semen types. Twenty minutes after activation, type I semen was not affected by the tested cations. On the contrary, 0.25-2.5 mM K(+), 0.25 mM Mg(2+), and 0.25-2.5 mM Ca(2+) significantly increased the sperm motility rate and/or sperm velocity of type II semen. Therefore, supplementation of saline solution with cations might stabilize the motility of perch sperm, which can be a benefit for experimental purposes and for specific handling procedures in aquaculture.
• Fish physiology and biochemistry.Fish Physiol Biochem.2014 Apr;40(2):469-80. doi: 10.1007/s10695-013-9858-7. Epub 2013 Sep 15.
• This study investigated the effect of 0.25-5 mM K(+), Ca(2+), and Mg(2+) on sperm motility in the perch, Perca fluviatilis. In 75 mM NaCl, the used motility-activating solution, motility rate, and swimming velocity decreased within the first 4 min after activation, and the rate of locally motile
• PMID 24037272

Japanese Journal

• モートンイトトンボ成虫の静止位置の高さの日周変化

• 奈良岡 弘治
• 青森自然誌研究 (20), 59-63, 2015-03-31
• NAID 40020437428

• アカムツの人工稚魚生産に成功 (特集 有用水産生物の種苗をつくる(1))

• 山田 達哉,八木 佑太,飯田 直樹 [他]
• 海洋と生物 37(1), 12-18, 2015-02
• NAID 40020378729

• Effect of Environmental Enrichment on the Behavior and Welfare of Japanese Broilers at a Commercial Farm

• Ohara Ai,Oyakawa Chisako,Yoshihara Yu,Ninomiya Shigeru,Sato Shusuke
• The Journal of Poultry Science advpub(0), 2015
• The effect of hay bales and perches as environmental enrichment material was investigated on the behavior, heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, footpad dermatitis (FPD), and productivity of Japanese bro …
• NAID 130005084008

• Factors Influencing Habitat Selection by Arboreal Pit Vipers

• Sawant Nitin S.,Jadhav Trupti D.
• Zoological science 30(1), 21-26, 2013-01
• NAID 40019540404

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「スズキ」「Sparus」「sunfish」「bluegill」「mackerel」
拡張検索	「hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis」「familial hypercholesterolaemia」「hyperchloremic acidosis」
関連記事	「per」

「スズキ」

　　[★]

英

perch

関

スパルス属、マアジ、ブルーギル、マヒマヒ、ニベ類、マンボウ、スズキ目

「Sparus」

　　[★]

スパルス属、Sparus属

関

bluegill、croaker、mackerel、mahi-mahi、perch、Perciformes、sunfish

「sunfish」

　　[★]

マンボウ

関

bluegill、croaker、mackerel、mahi-mahi、perch、Perciformes、Sparus

　 　 　

「bluegill」

　　[★]

ブルーギル

関

croaker、mackerel、mahi-mahi、perch、Perciformes、Sparus、sunfish

　 　

「mackerel」

　　[★]

マアジ

関

bluegill、croaker、mahi-mahi、perch、Perciformes、Sparus、sunfish

　 　 　

「hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis」

　　[★] 高クロール性代謝性アシドーシス

「familial hypercholesterolaemia」

　　[★] 家族性高コレステロール血症

「hyperchloremic acidosis」

　　[★] 高クロル性アシドーシス

「per」

　　[★]

• prep

• (商)～につき/ごとに
• ～で、～によって。～に託して
• ～によれば

• adv.

• 1個につき、各。