関: dissolution、dissolve、lyse

WordNet

(biochemistry) dissolution or destruction of cells such as blood cells or bacteria
recuperation in which the symptoms of an acute disease gradually subside
pass into a solution; "The sugar quickly dissolved in the coffee"
bring the association of to an end or cause to break up; "The decree officially dissolved the marriage"; "the judge dissolved the tobacco company" (同)break_up
come to an end; "Their marriage dissolved"; "The tobacco monopoly broke up" (同)break_up
declare void; "The President dissolved the parliament and called for new elections" (同)dismiss
become or cause to become soft or liquid; "The sun melted the ice"; "the ice thawed"; "the ice cream melted"; "The heat melted the wax"; "The giant iceberg dissolved over the years during the global warming phase"; "dethaw the meat" (同)thaw, unfreeze, unthaw, dethaw, melt
(film) a gradual transition from one scene to the next; the next scene is gradually superimposed as the former scene fades out
become weaker; "The sound faded out" (同)fade out, fade away
cause to go into a solution; "The recipe says that we should dissolve a cup of sugar in two cups of water" (同)resolve, break_up
cause to fade away; "dissolve a shot or a picture"
cause to lose control emotionally; "The news dissolved her into tears"
lose control emotionally; "She dissolved into tears when she heard that she had lost all her savings in the pyramid scheme"
separation into component parts (同)disintegration
the termination or disintegration of a relationship (between persons or nations) (同)breakup
dialysis of the blood to remove toxic substances or metabolic wastes from the bloodstream; used in the case of kidney failure (同)haemodialysis

PrepTutorEJDIC

…‘を'『溶かす』,溶液にする / …‘を'解消する,終りにする / …‘を'分解する;…‘を'解明する / 〈物質が〉『溶ける』,溶解する,液化する / 〈霧などが〉消散する,四散する(disperse) / 次第に消滅する,次第に薄れる(fade away) / (強い感情に)負ける
(部分・要素への)『分解』[作用] / (契約・連合の)解除,解消 / (議会・組織の)解散;崩壊

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/31 14:49:58」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about the biological definition of the word Lysis. For other uses, see Lysis (disambiguation).

Lysis (Greek λύσις, lýsis from lýein "to separate") refers to the breaking down of a cell, often by viral, enzymic, or osmotic mechanisms that compromise its integrity. A fluid containing the contents of lysed cells is called a "lysate".

Many species of bacteria are subject to lysis by the enzyme lysozyme, found in animal saliva, egg white, and other secretions.^[1] Phage lytic enzymes (lysins) produced during bacteriophage infection are responsible for the ability of these viruses to lyse bacterial cells.^[2] Penicillin and related β-lactam antibiotics cause the death of bacteria through enzyme-mediated lysis that occurs after the drug causes the bacterium to form a defective cell wall.^[3] If cell wall is completely lost, the bacterium is referred as a protoplast if penicillin was used on gram-positive bacteria, and spheroplast when used on gram-negative bacteria.

Cytolysis[edit]

Main article: Cytolysis

Cytolysis occurs when a cell bursts due to an osmotic imbalance that has caused excess water to move into the cell.

Cytolysis can be prevented by several different mechanisms, including the contractile vacuole that exists in some paramecia, which rapidly pump water out of the cell. Cytolysis does not occur under normal conditions in plant cells because plant cells have a strong cell wall that contains the osmotic pressure, or turgor pressure, that would otherwise cause cytolysis to occur.

Oncolysis[edit]

Oncolysis refers to the destruction of neoplastic cells or of a tumour.

It's also used to refer to the reduction of any swelling.^[4]

Plasmolysis[edit]

Plasmolysis

Main article: Plasmolysis

Plasmolysis is the contraction of cells within plants due to the loss of water through osmosis. In a hypertonic environment, the cell membrane peels off of the cell wall and the vacuole collapses. These cells will eventually wilt and die unless the flow of water caused by osmosis can stop the contraction of the cell membrane.^[5]

Immune response[edit]

Main article: Red Blood Cell

Erythrocytes' hemoglobin release free radicals in response to pathogens when lysed by them. This can damage the pathogens.^[6]^[7]

Applications[edit]

Cell lysis is used to break open cells when it is desirable to avoid shear forces that would denature or degrade sensitive macromolecules, such as proteins and DNA. For example, lysis is used in western and Southern blotting to analyze the composition of specific proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids individually or as complexes. Depending upon the detergent used, either all or some membranes are lysed. For example, if only the cell membrane is lysed then gradient centrifugation can be used to collect certain organelles.

References[edit]

^ P. Jollès, ed. (1996). Lysozymes--model enzymes in biochemistry and biology. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag. pp. 35–64. ISBN 978-3-7643-5121-2.
^ Nelson, D.; Loomis, L.; Fischetti, V. A. (20 March 2001). "Prevention and elimination of upper respiratory colonization of mice by group A streptococci by using a bacteriophage lytic enzyme". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98 (7): 4107–12. doi:10.1073/pnas.061038398. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Scholar, E. M.; Pratt, W. B. (2000). The antimicrobial drugs (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 61–64.
^ "Oncolysis". Medical Dictionary. Farlex. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
^ "Wiley InterScience : Journals : New Phytologist". www3.interscience.wiley.com. Retrieved 2008-09-11. ^{[dead link]}
^ Red blood cells do more than just carry oxygen. New findings by NUS team show they aggressively attack bacteria too., The Straits Times, 1 September 2007
^ Jiang N, Tan NS, Ho B, Ding JL (October 2007). "Respiratory protein-generated reactive oxygen species as an antimicrobial strategy". Nature Immunology 8 (10): 1114–22. doi:10.1038/ni1501. PMID 17721536. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 腫瘍崩壊症候群：予防および治療 tumor lysis syndrome prevention and treatment
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5. 小児癌患者の救急治療 emergencies in pediatric cancer patients

English Journal

Model Membrane and Cell Studies of Antimicrobial Activity of Melittin Analogues.

Jamasbi E, Mularski A, Separovic F1.
Current topics in medicinal chemistry.Curr Top Med Chem.2016;16(1):40-5.
Melittin is a 26 residue peptide and the major component of bee (Apis mellifera) venom. Although melittin has both anticancer and antimicrobial properties, utilization has been limited due to its high lytic activity against eukaryotic cells. The mechanism of this lytic activity remains unclear but s
PMID 26139117

High-resolution imaging for the detection and characterisation of circulating tumour cells from patients with oesophageal, hepatocellular, thyroid and ovarian cancers.

Dent BM1,2, Ogle LF1, O'Donnell RL1,3, Hayes N2, Malik U4, Curtin NJ1, Boddy AV1, Plummer ER1,4, Edmondson RJ1,3, Reeves HL1,5, May FE1,6, Jamieson D1.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2016 Jan 1;138(1):206-16. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29680. Epub 2015 Aug 19.
Interest has increased in the potential role of circulating tumour cells in cancer management. Most cell-based studies have been designed to determine the number of circulating tumour cells in a given volume of blood. Ability to understand the biology of the cancer cells would increase the clinical
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Development and characterization of cefazolin loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles composite gelatin nanofiber mats for postoperative surgical wounds.

Rath G1, Hussain T2, Chauhan G3, Garg T4, Goyal AK5.
Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl.2016 Jan 1;58:242-53. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.08.050. Epub 2015 Sep 3.
Systemic antibiotic therapy in post-operative wound care remain controversial leading to escalation in levels of multi-resistant bacteria with unwanted morbidity and mortality. Recently zinc (Zn) because of multiple biophysiological functions, gain considerable interest for wound care. Based on our
PMID 26478308

Single-Step Affinity Purification (ssAP) and Mass Spectrometry of Macromolecular Complexes in the Yeast S. cerevisiae.

Trahan C1,2, Aguilar LC1, Oeffinger M3,4,5.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2016;1361:265-87. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3079-1_15.
Cellular functions are mostly defined by the dynamic interactions of proteins within macromolecular networks. Deciphering the composition of macromolecular complexes and their dynamic rearrangements is the key to getting a comprehensive picture of cellular behavior and to understanding biological sy
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Japanese Journal

血液疾患に合併する腫瘍崩壊症候群のリスク評価,適切な管理 (特集血液腫瘍診療において注意すべき病態,有害事象と管理)

塩野洋介,石澤賢一
血液内科 70(4), 449-453, 2015-04
NAID 40020439612

『リュシス』におけるメネクセノスとリュシス

茶谷直人
紀要 (42), 1-25, 2015-03-10
NAID 110009893385

殺細胞性抗悪性腫瘍薬の副作用対策の進歩 (特集がん薬物療法の副作用とその対策(補助・支持療法を含む))

高松泰
腫瘍内科 = Clinical oncology 15(3), 235-239, 2015-03
NAID 40020398484

友愛と対話 : プラトン「リュシス」における友としての人

宮崎文典
人文 13, 7-20, 2015-03
… This paper examines the meaning of the person as riend (φίλος) in Plato's Lysis, specially with regard　to the rson's desires and actions, and how these relate to wisdom. … The person as friend who is referred　to in the first conversation between Socrates and Lysis (207d-210d) is someone who may, by virtue of being regarded as wise, indiscriminately desire both beneficial things and harmful ones, and infinitely satisfy every desire. …
NAID 110009889229

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「dissolve」「溶解」「lyse」「dissolution」「溶菌」
拡張検索	「microdialysis」「sequential analysis」「toxic epidermal necrolysis」