リンパ球前駆細胞

WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
an ancestor in the direct line (同)primogenitor
resembling lymph or lymphatic tissues

PrepTutorEJDIC

(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
(人・動植物の)先祖 / 創始者,先駆者
リンパ状(液)の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/01 15:14:55」(JST)

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Lymphoblast

A lymphoblast is a different form of a naive lymphocyte that occurs when the lymphocyte is activated by an antigen (from antigen-presenting cells) and increased in volume by nucleus and cytoplasm growth as well as new mRNA and protein synthesis. The lymphoblast then starts dividing and making clones of its original naive cells. Finally the dividing cells differentiate into effector cells, known as Plasma Cells (for B cells), Cytotoxic T cells, and Helper T cells.^[1]

Lymphoblasts are immature cells which typically differentiate to form mature lymphocytes. Normally lymphoblasts are found in the bone marrow, but in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), lymphoblasts proliferate uncontrollably and are found in large numbers in the peripheral blood.

The size is between 10 and 20 μm.^[2]

Although commonly lymphoblast refers to a precursor cell in the maturation of leukocytes, the usage of this term is sometimes inconsistent. The Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research Consortium defines a lymphoblast as "A lymphocyte that has become larger after being stimulated by an antigen. Lymphoblasts look like immature lymphocytes, and were once thought to be precursor cells.".^[3] Commonly, when speaking about leukemia, "blast" is used as an abbreviation for lymphoblasts.

Lymphoblasts can be distinguished microscopically from myeloblasts by having less distinct nucleoli, more condensed chromatin, and an absence of cytoplasmic granules. However these morphologic distinctions are not absolute and a definitive diagnoses relies on antibody immunostaining for the presence of unique cluster of differentiation receptors.^[4]

Additional images

Blood cell lineage

References

^ Janeway's Immunobiology, 8th edition, Chapter 1, page 22
^ Gillian Rozenberg (23 March 2011). Microscopic Haematology: A Practical Guide for the Laboratory. Elsevier Australia. pp. 106–. ISBN 978-0-7295-4072-8. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
^ CRC - Glossary L
^ Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; Aster, Jon C. (2010). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 602. ISBN 978-1-4160-3121-5. 8th edition.

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 造血腫瘍の分類 classification of the hematopoietic neoplasms
2. 同種造血細胞移植後の免疫再構築のための戦略 strategies for immune reconstitution following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
3. 造血幹細胞の分布 sources of hematopoietic stem cells
4. BおよびTリンパ球の正常な発生 normal b and t lymphocyte development
5. 消化管リンパ腫のマネージメント management of gastrointestinal lymphomas

English Journal

Stem cell biology is population biology: differentiation of hematopoietic multipotent progenitors to common lymphoid and myeloid progenitors.

Mangel M, Bonsall MB.AbstractABSTRACT: The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) system is a demand control system, with the demand coming from the organism, since the products of the common myeloid and lymphoid progenitor (CMP, CLP respectively) cells are essential for activity and defense against disease. We show how ideas from population biology (combining population dynamics and evolutionary considerations) can illuminate the feedback control of the HSC system by the fully differentiated products, which has recently been verified experimentally. We develop models for the penultimate differentiation of HSC Multipotent Progenitors (MPPs) into CLP and CMP and introduce two concepts from population biology into stem cell biology. The first concept is the Multipotent Progenitor Commitment Response (MPCR) which is the probability that a multipotent progenitor cell follows a CLP route rather than a CMP route.The second concept is the link between the MPCR and a measure of Darwinian fitness associated with organismal performance and the levels of differentiated lymphoid and myeloid cells. We show that many MPCRs are consistent with homeostasis, but that they will lead to different dynamics of cells and signals following a wound or injury and thus have different consequences for Darwinian fitness. We show how coupling considerations of life history to dynamics of the HSC system and its products allows one to compute the selective pressures on cellular processes. We discuss ways that this framework can be used and extended.
Theoretical biology & medical modelling.Theor Biol Med Model.2013 Jan 17;10(1):5. [Epub ahead of print]
ABSTRACT: The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) system is a demand control system, with the demand coming from the organism, since the products of the common myeloid and lymphoid progenitor (CMP, CLP respectively) cells are essential for activity and defense against disease. We show how ideas from popul
PMID 23327512

Teleost growth factor independence (gfi) genes differentially regulate successive waves of hematopoiesis.

Cooney JD, Hildick-Smith GJ, Shafizadeh E, McBride PF, Carroll KJ, Anderson H, Shaw GC, Tamplin OJ, Branco DS, Dalton AJ, Shah DI, Wong C, Gallagher PG, Zon LI, North TE, Paw BH.SourceDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Developmental biology.Dev Biol.2013 Jan 15;373(2):431-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.08.015. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
Growth Factor Independence (Gfi) transcription factors play essential roles in hematopoiesis, differentially activating and repressing transcriptional programs required for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) development and lineage specification. In mammals, Gfi1a regulates hematopoietic stem
PMID 22960038

Genome-wide identification of Ikaros targets elucidates its contribution to mouse B cell lineage specification and pre-B cell differentiation.

Ferreirós Vidal I, Carroll T, Taylor B, Terry A, Liang Z, Bruno L, Dharmalingam G, Khadayate S, Cobb BS, Smale ST, Spivakov M, Srivastava P, Petretto E, Fisher AG, Merkenschlager M.SourceLymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;
Blood.Blood.2013 Jan 9. [Epub ahead of print]
Ikaros family DNA binding proteins are critical regulators of B cell development. Because current knowledge of Ikaros targets in B cell progenitors is limited we have identified genes that are bound and regulated by Ikaros in pre-B cells. To elucidate the role of Ikaros in B cell lineage specificati
PMID 23303821

Japanese Journal

Differentiation ability of multipotent hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells detected by a porcine specific anti-CD117 monoclonal antibody

Ohshima Shino,Mori Syuuya,Shigenari Atsuko,Miyamoto Asuka,Takasu Masaki,Imaeda Noriaki,Nunomura Satoshi,Okayama Yoshimichi,Tanaka Masafumi,Kitagawa Hitoshi,Kulski Jerzy K.,Inoko Hidetoshi,Ando Asako,Kametani Yoshie
BioScience Trends 8(6), 308-315, 2014
… CD117 is a cytokine receptor expressed on the surface of hematopoietic stem cells with a likely role in cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. … These results revealed that the swine BM CD117+ cells possess hematopoietic stem/progenitor activity and when monitored in immunodeficient mice or in vitro they can develop into lymphoid, erythroid, and myeloid cells efficiently with the new monoclonal antibody. …
NAID 130005054671

白血病細胞におけるWnt/β-カテニンシグナル伝達経路と薬剤耐性

王艶華,泉二登志子
東京女子医科大学雑誌 83(E2), E458-E464, 2013-03-31
Wntシグナル伝達経路は哺乳類を含め生命の初期発生から形態形成まで、また出生後細胞運命の調節、様々な疾患の発症、がん化などに関わっている重要な経路である.その中一つであるWnt/β-カテニン経路は、造血幹細胞や前駆細胞だけではなく、白血病幹細胞の増殖、分化、自己再生能及び恒常性維持などに重要な役割を果たしていることがよく知られるようになってきた.Wntが受容体に結合すると、細胞質中にβ-カテニンの …
NAID 110009575052

Immunohistochemical Detection of Possible Cellular Origin of Hepatic Histiocytic Sarcoma in Mice

OHNISHI Koji,TANAKA Satoshi,OGHISO Yoichi,TAKEYA Motohiro
Journal of clinical and experimental hematopathology 52(3), 171-177, 2012-12-01
… The cells were negative for mesenchymal cell and lymphoid cell markers, suggesting that germ cell tumor or lymphoma components do not coexist in the neoplasm. … macrophage progenitor cells are a possible cellular origin of murine hepatic HS. … Furthermore, a subset of hepatic HS cases can possibly differentiate into epithelioid cell-like phenotypes. …
NAID 10031143560