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an immature lymphocyte

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/08 12:32:55」(JST)

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Lymphoblast

A lymphoblast is a different form of a naive lymphocyte that occurs when the lymphocyte is activated by an antigen (from antigen-presenting cells) and increased in volume by nucleus and cytoplasm growth as well as new mRNA and protein synthesis. The lymphoblast then starts dividing and making clones of its original naive cells. Finally the dividing cells differentiate into effector cells, known as Plasma Cells (for B cells), Cytotoxic T cells, and Helper T cells.^[1]

Lymphoblasts can also refer to immature cells which typically differentiate to form mature lymphocytes.^[2] Normally lymphoblasts are found in the bone marrow, but in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), lymphoblasts proliferate uncontrollably and are found in large numbers in the peripheral blood.

The size is between 10 and 20 μm.^[3]

Although commonly lymphoblast refers to a precursor cell in the maturation of leukocytes, the usage of this term is sometimes inconsistent. The Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research Consortium defines a lymphoblast as "A lymphocyte that has become larger after being stimulated by an antigen. Lymphoblasts look like immature lymphocytes, and were once thought to be precursor cells.".^[4] Commonly, when speaking about leukemia, "blast" is used as an abbreviation for lymphoblasts.

Lymphoblasts can be distinguished microscopically from myeloblasts by having less distinct nucleoli, more condensed chromatin, and an absence of cytoplasmic granules. However these morphologic distinctions are not absolute and a definitive diagnoses relies on antibody immunostaining for the presence of unique cluster of differentiation receptors.^[5]

Additional images

Blood cell lineage

References

^ Janeway's Immunobiology, 8th edition, Chapter 1, page 22
^ Information, National Center for Biotechnology; Pike, U. S. National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville; MD, Bethesda; Usa, 20894. "Lymphoblasts - National Library of Medicine". PubMed Health. Retrieved 2015-11-17.
^ Gillian Rozenberg (23 March 2011). Microscopic Haematology: A Practical Guide for the Laboratory. Elsevier Australia. pp. 106–. ISBN 978-0-7295-4072-8. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
^ CRC - Glossary L
^ Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; Aster, Jon C. (2010). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 602. ISBN 978-1-4160-3121-5. 8th edition.

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1. 前駆T細胞性急性リンパ芽球性白血病／リンパ腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of precursor t cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia lymphoma
2. 小児および思春期における急性リンパ芽球性白血病の症状および診断の概要 overview of the presentation and diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents
3. 小児および思春期における急性リンパ芽球性白血病のリスクグループ層別化および予後 risk group stratification and prognosis for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents
4. 末梢血塗抹標本の評価 evaluation of the peripheral blood smear
5. 前駆B細胞性急性リンパ芽球性白血病／リンパ腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of precursor b cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia lymphoma

English Journal

Altered resting state functional connectivity in young survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Kesler SR1, Gugel M, Pritchard-Berman M, Lee C, Kutner E, Hosseini SM, Dahl G, Lacayo N.
Pediatric blood & cancer.Pediatr Blood Cancer.2014 Jul;61(7):1295-9. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25022. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy treatment for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been associated with long-term cognitive impairments in some patients. However, the neurobiologic mechanisms underlying these impairments, particularly in young survivors, are not well understood. This study aime
PMID 24619953

Bone mineral density among long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study.

Gurney JG1, Kaste SC, Liu W, Srivastava DK, Chemaitilly W, Ness KK, Lanctot JQ, Ojha RP, Nottage KA, Wilson CL, Li Z, Robison LL, Hudson MM.
Pediatric blood & cancer.Pediatr Blood Cancer.2014 Jul;61(7):1270-6. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25010. Epub 2014 Feb 28.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and the degree of recovery or decline, are not well elucidated.PROCEDURE: Study subjects (age ≥ 18 years and ≥10 years post-diagnosis) participated in an instituti
PMID 24585546

Does dexamethasone induce more neuropsychological side effects than prednisone in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia? A systematic review.

Warris LT1, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, den Hoed MA, Aarsen FK, Pieters R, van den Akker EL.
Pediatric blood & cancer.Pediatr Blood Cancer.2014 Jul;61(7):1313-8. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24988. Epub 2014 Feb 16.
Steroid-induced neuropsychological side effects impact quality of life in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Dexamethasone induces more metabolic side effects than prednisone. To evaluate whether dexamethasone also leads to more neuropsychological side effects, we reviewed all available lit
PMID 24532490

Japanese Journal

急性リンパ性白血病におけるTP53遺伝子変異

杉本耕一
血液内科 = Hematology 70(5), 644-649, 2015-05
NAID 40020491393

症例 Bacillus cereus敗血症による劇症型の血管内溶血を生じた急性リンパ性白血病の1例

初瀬真弓,村頭智,稲葉亨 [他]
内科 115(3), 479-482, 2015-03
NAID 40020369767

新規抗体/薬物複合体によるリンパ系腫瘍の治療 : イノツズマブ・オゾガマイシンとブレンツキシマブ・ベドチン (特集新規ターゲットおよび医薬品による血液がん治療の新たな展開)

薄井紀子
血液内科 70(2), 186-191, 2015-02
NAID 40020385039

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「リンパ芽球」「リンパ芽球性」
拡張検索	「large-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma」「lymphoblastic lymphoma」「acute lymphoblastic leukemia」
関連記事	「lymphoblast」