n.

灰汁、あく。アルカリ液(洗濯用)。(一般に)(合成)洗剤、クレンザー

WordNet

a strong solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide
Amazon ants (同)genus Polyergus
the deliberate act of deviating from the truth (同)prevarication, fabrication

PrepTutorEJDIC

灰汁,あく;洗たく用アルカリ液
lieの現在分詞
lieの現在分詞 / うそをつく,偽りの / うそをつくこと,虚言
liter[s]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/26 16:12:45」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Lye (disambiguation).

Pellets of sodium hydroxide.

Lye is a collective term referring to a strong alkali which is highly soluble in water to produce caustic basic solutions. It is commonly the alternative name of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or historically potassium hydroxide (KOH).

Today, lye is commercially manufactured using a membrane cell method and widely available as flakes, pellets, microbeads, coarse powder or even a saturated solution for many uses, including clandestine production of the drug methamphetamine, soap making, biodiesel production, household uses, and food preparation.

Uses

Here are some prominent examples of the uses of lye:

Food uses

Lye is used to cure many types of food, such as lutefisk, green olives, canned mandarin oranges, hominy, lye rolls, century eggs, and pretzels. It is also used as a tenderizer in the crust of baked Cantonese moon cakes, and in lye-water "zongzi" (glutenous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves), in chewy southern Chinese noodles popular in Hong Kong and southern China, and in Japanese ramen. In the United States, food-grade lye must meet the requirements outlined in the Food Chemicals Codex (FCC),^[1] as prescribed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).^[2] Lower grades of lye are commonly used as drain openers and oven cleaners and should not be used for food preparation.^[2]

Soap making

Both sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are used in soap making. Sodium hydroxide is often used to make solid soap while potassium hydroxide is used to make liquid soap.^[3] Soaps made of potassium hydroxide are softer and can more easily be dissolved in water than sodium hydroxide soaps.^[4]

When used in making soap, sodium hydroxide cannot be substituted for potassium hydroxide and vice versa because soap making recipes will have different quantity requirements for these two chemicals depending on the kind of soap being manufactured. In addition, the quantities required for soap saponification differ when using caustic soda and hydrated potash.^[5]

Household uses

Bottles of alkaline drain cleaners containing lye.

Lye is also valued for its cleaning effect. It is commonly the major constituent in oven cleaners and drain openers due to its capability of dissolving grease. It decomposes greases via alkaline ester hydrolysis to yield water soluble products which can be easily removed.

Safety

Hazardous reactions

In common with other corrosives, the major concern is its effects on living tissue, including skin, flesh and cornea. Its solutions are capable of causing chemical burns, permanent injuries or scarring and blindness upon contact. Lye may be harmful or even fatal if swallowed. Its ingestion can cause esophageal stricture. Moreover, solvation of dry solid lye is highly exothermic, and the resulting heat may cause additional burns or ignite flammables.

The reaction between sodium hydroxide and a few metals is also hazardous. Aluminium reacts with lye to produce hydrogen gases. Since hydrogen is flammable, mixing a large quantity of lye (e.g. sodium hydroxide) and aluminium in a closed container is dangerous - especially when the system is at a high temperature, which speeds up the reaction. In addition to aluminium, lye may also react with magnesium, galvanized zinc, tin, chromium, brass, and bronze to produce hydrogen gas.

Protection

Personal protective equipment including safety glasses, chemical-resistant gloves, and adequate ventilation are required for the safe handling of lye. When in proximity to lye that is dissolving in an open container of water, the use of a vapor-resistant face mask is recommended. Be aware that adding too much lye to water too quickly can cause the solution to boil and gush.^[6]

Storage

Lye is a deliquescent and has a strong affinity for air moisture. Lye will deliquesce or dissolve when exposed to open air, absorbing a relatively large amount of water vapour. Accordingly, it should be stored in air-tight plastic containers. Glass is not a good material to be used for storage as lye is mildly corrosive to it. Similar to the case of other corrosives, the containers should be labeled to indicate the potential danger of the contents and stored away from children, pets, heat, and moisture.^[6]

Notes

^ Food Chemicals Codex
^ ^a ^b US Food and Drug Administration
^ Make Liquid Soap
^ How to Make Liquid Soap
^ Using SAP Values and Lye to Make Soap
^ ^a ^b Lye Safety Precautions

References

"Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act". US Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/opacom/laws/fdcact/fdcact4.htm.
"Food Chemicals Codex". United States Pharmacopeia. http://www.usp.org/fcc/.
"Lye Safety Precautions". Certified Lye. http://www.certified-lye.com/safety.html.
"NaOH MSDS". http://cheville.okstate.edu/photonicslab/Safety/safety/MSDS/naoh_msds.htm.
"Lye. An example of sodium.". http://periodictable.com/Items/011.14/index.qtvr.html.

McDaniel, Robert (1997). The Elegant Art of Handmade Soap: Making, Scenting, Coloring, and Shaping. Iola, WI: Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-832-8.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 局所化学熱傷 topical chemical burns
2. 成人における腐食性の食道損傷 caustic esophageal injury in adults
3. 皮膚の手技 dermatologic procedures
4. 小児の腐食性食道損傷 caustic esophageal injury in children
5. 伝染性軟属腫 molluscum contagiosum

English Journal

Physiologic uterine inflammation and labor onset: integration of endocrine and mechanical signals.

Shynlova O, Lee YH, Srikhajon K, Lye SJ.Source1Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.).Reprod Sci.2013 Feb;20(2):154-67. doi: 10.1177/1933719112446084. Epub 2012 May 21.
The mechanisms underlying the preparation of the uterus for labor are not fully understood. Our previous studies have shown that during pregnancy, the uterine muscle (myometrium) undergoes dramatic phenotypic modulation culminating in term labor. The current review will discuss the cellular mechanis
PMID 22614625

Influences of multiple genetic polymorphisms on ovarian cancer risk in malaysia.

Velapasamy S, Alex L, Chahil JK, Lye SH, Munretnam K, Nor Hashim NA, Ramzi NH, Mohd Nordin N, Visvalingam V, Ler LW.Source1 Molecular Research and Services Laboratory, Infovalley® Life Sciences Sdn. Bhd. , Mines Resort City, Malaysia .
Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers.Genet Test Mol Biomarkers.2013 Jan;17(1):62-8. doi: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0223. Epub 2012 Oct 31.
Objective: The identification of high-risk individuals can help to improve early cancer detection and patient survival. Risk assessment, however, can only be accomplished if the risk factors are known. To date, the genetic risk factors for ovarian cancer, other than mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes, h
PMID 23113749

Outcome of Appropriate Empiric Combination versus Monotherapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteremia.

Bowers DR, Liew YX, Lye DC, Kwa AL, Hsu LY, Tam VH.SourceDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Administration, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas. USA.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2012 Dec 21. [Epub ahead of print]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia is associated with high hospital mortality. Empiric combination therapy is commonly used to increase the likelihood of appropriate therapy, but the benefits of employing >1 active agent have yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes
PMID 23263001

Japanese Journal

Thalassotherapy in Diabetic Polyneuropathy: a Study in Pomorie, Bulgaria

GROZEVA Antoaneta,STOICHEVA Mimi
日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌 78(3), 271-275, 2015
… The aim of our study was to establish the efficacy of combined application of seawater, Pomorie therapeutic mud and lye in diabetic polyneuropathy rehabilitation.<BR>Materials and methods: The study was carried out during the 2011 and 2012 summer seasons in 43 patients (18 male and 25 female) with diabetic polyneuropathy from Germany, Russia and Bulgaria. …
NAID 130005072040

15-2 Thalassotherapy in diabetic polyneuropathy: a study in Pomorie, Bulgaria

GROZEVA Antoaneta Stefanova,STOYCHEVA Mimi Ivanova
日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌 77(5), 530-530, 2014
… The aim of our study was to establish the efficacy of combined application of seawater, Pomorie therapeutic mud and lye in the diabetic polyneuropathy prophylaxis and rehabilitation.<BR>Materials and methods: The study was carried out during the 2011 and 2012 summer seasons in 43 patients (18 male and 25 female) with diabetic polyneuropathy from Germany, Russia and Bulgaria. …
NAID 130004719543

円柱細線を挿入した異方性水平多孔質層内の自然対流熱伝達

椎名保顕,菱田誠
愛知工科大学紀要 = Bulletin of Aichi University of Technology 11, 15-21, 2013
NAID 40020050170

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

拡張検索	「polyethylenimine」「polyethyleneimine」「polyenephosphatidylcholine」「polyethoxylated castor oil」「polyemia」
関連記事	「ly」