WordNet

support materially or financially; "he does not support his natural children"; "The scholarship supported me when I was in college"
financial resources provided to make some project possible; "the foundation provided support for the experiment" (同)financial support, funding, backing, financial backing
the financial means whereby one lives; "each child was expected to pay for their keep"; "he applied to the state for support"; "he could no longer earn his own livelihood" (同)keep, livelihood, living, bread and butter, sustenance
a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission; "they called for artillery support" (同)reinforcement, reenforcement
the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening; "he leaned against the wall for support" (同)supporting
aiding the cause or policy or interests of; "the president no longer has the support of his own party"; "they developed a scheme of mutual support"
any device that bears the weight of another thing; "there was no place to attach supports for a shelf"
supporting structure that holds up or provides a foundation; "the statue stood on a marble support"
the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities; "his support kept the family together"; "they gave him emotional support during difficult times"
something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest; "the policy found little public support"; "his faith was all the support he needed"; "the team enjoyed the support of their fans"
give moral or psychological support, aid, or courage to; "She supported him during the illness"; "Her children always backed her up" (同)back_up
play a subordinate role to (another performer); "Olivier supported Gielgud beautifully in the second act"
a substance for packing a joint or coating a porous surface to make it impervious to gas or liquid (同)luting
chordophone consisting of a plucked instrument having a pear-shaped body, a usually bent neck, and a fretted fingerboard
sustained or maintained by aid (as distinct from physical support); "a club entirely supported by membership dues"; "well-supported allegations"
held up or having the weight borne especially from below; "supported joints in a railroad track have ties directly under the rail ends"
of or relating to the corpus luteum

PrepTutorEJDIC

…‘を'『支える』 / 〈家族など〉‘を'『養う』,扶養する / 〈人・主義など〉‘を'『支持する』,擁護する / (精神的に)〈人〉‘を'力づける;(金銭的に)〈人〉‘を'援助する / 〈見解など〉‘を'立証する,裏書きする / …‘に'耐える,がまんする / 〈U〉(…を)『支えること』,(…の)支持,援助《+of+名》 / 〈U〉(重さを支える)支柱,突っ張り / 〈C〉『扶養する人』;〈U〉生活費 / 〈U〉(精神的)支え,(経済的)援助
リュート(17世紀ごろまで用いられたギターに似た弦楽器)
封泥(ふうでい)(破れ目や穴をふさぐもの) / …‘を'封泥でふさぐ

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/09/07 04:25:05」(JST)

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Luteal support is the administration of medication, generally progesterone, progestins or GnRH agonists, to increase the success rate of implantation and early embryogenesis, thereby complementing and/or supporting the function of the corpus luteum.

The live birth rate is significantly higher with progesterone for luteal support in IVF cycles with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).^[1] Co-treatment with GnRH agonists further improves outcomes,^[1] by a live birth rate RD of +16% (95% confidence interval +10 to +22%).^[2]

Formulations of progesterone or progestin

The main formulations of progesterone or progestins for luteal support are:

Formulations for intramuscular administrations
Vaginal tablets or other inserts for intravaginal administration, such as endometrin

While daily intramuscular injections of progesterone-in-oil (PIO) have been the standard route of administration, PIO injections are not FDA-approved for use in pregnancy. A Cochrane review in 2013 stated that synthetic progesterone appears to be better than micronized progesterone.^[3]^{[needs update]} A Cochrane review in 2011 found no evidence favoring a specific route of administration, dosage or duration of progesterone for luteal support.^[1]

Progestins used for luteal support include dydrogesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate^[4]

For egg donation, there is evidence of a lower pregnancy rate and a higher cycle cancellation rate when the progesterone supplementation in the recipient is commenced prior to oocyte retrieval from the donor, as compared to commenced day of oocyte retrieval or the day after.^[3]

Other substances tested in luteal phase

On the other hand, overall, the addition of estrogen or hCG as adjunctives to progesterone do not appear to affect outcomes pregnancy rate and live birth rate in IVF.^[3] In fact, luteal support with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) alone or as a supplement to progesterone has been associated with a higher risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).^[1] The use of hCG should therefore be avoided for luteal support.^[3] Low molecular weight heparin as luteal support may improve the live birth rate but has substantial side effects and has no reliable data on long-term effects.^[3] Glucocorticoids such as cortisol do not seem to be effective for luteal support.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Van Der Linden, M.; Buckingham, K.; Farquhar, C.; Kremer, J. A. M.; Metwally, M. (2012). "Luteal phase support in assisted reproduction cycles". Human Reproduction Update. 18 (5): 473. doi:10.1093/humupd/dms017.
^ Kyrou, D.; Kolibianakis, E. M.; Fatemi, H. M.; Tarlatzi, T. B.; Devroey, P.; Tarlatzis, B. C. (2011). "Increased live birth rates with GnRH agonist addition for luteal support in ICSI/IVF cycles: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Human Reproduction Update. 17 (6): 734–740. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmr029. PMID 21733980.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Farquhar, C.; Rishworth, J. R.; Brown, J.; Nelen, W. L. M.; Marjoribanks, J. (2013). Brown, Julie, ed. "Assisted reproductive technology: an overview of Cochrane Reviews". The Cochrane Library. 8: CD010537. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010537.pub2. PMID 23970457.
^ Loose, Davis S.; Stancel, George M. (2006). "Estrogens and Progestins". In Brunton, Laurence L.; Lazo, John S.; Parker, Keith L. Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 1541–71. ISBN 0-07-142280-3.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 体外受精（IFV） in vitro fertilization
2. 自然早産のリスクを低下させるためのプロゲステロン補充 progesterone supplementation to reduce the risk of spontaneous preterm birth
3. 卵巣過剰刺激症候群の予防 prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
4. 非産科手術を受けた妊婦のマネージメント management of pregnant women undergoing nonobstetric surgery
5. Toll様受容体：疾患および治療における役割 toll like receptors roles in disease and therapy

English Journal

A randomized, controlled trial comparing the efficacy and safety of aqueous subcutaneous progesterone with vaginal progesterone for luteal phase support of in vitro fertilization.

Baker VL1, Jones CA2, Doody K3, Foulk R4, Yee B5, Adamson GD6, Cometti B7, DeVane G8, Hubert G9, Trevisan S7, Hoehler F10, Jones C2, Soules M11.
Human reproduction (Oxford, England).Hum Reprod.2014 Oct 10;29(10):2212-20. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deu194. Epub 2014 Aug 6.
STUDY QUESTION: Is the ongoing pregnancy rate with a new aqueous formulation of subcutaneous progesterone (Prolutex(®)) non-inferior to vaginal progesterone (Endometrin(®)) when used for luteal phase support of in vitro fertilization SUMMARY ANSWER: In the per-protocol (PP) population, the ongoing
PMID 25100106

Subchorionic hematoma occurs more frequently in in vitro fertilization pregnancy.

Asato K1, Mekaru K2, Heshiki C2, Sugiyama H3, Kinjyo T2, Masamoto H2, Aoki Y2.
European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology.Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol.2014 Oct;181:41-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.07.014. Epub 2014 Jul 30.
OBJECTIVE: Obstetric complications occur more frequently in pregnancies after in vitro fertilization (IVF). We attempted to determine the correlation between subchorionic hematoma and IVF pregnancies.STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed 194 pregnancies achieved by infertility treatment between January 2008 and
PMID 25126980

Luteal phase support with decapeptyl improves pregnancy outcomes in intracytoplasmic sperm injection with higher basal follicle-stimulating hormone or lower mature oocytes.

Kung HF1, Chen MJ2, Guua HF1, Chen YF1, Yi YC1, Yen-Ping Ho J1, Chou MM1.
Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA.J Chin Med Assoc.2014 Oct;77(10):524-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jcma.2014.07.001. Epub 2014 Aug 24.
BACKGROUND: The role of midluteal phase gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist had been an issue of debate. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effect of a mid-luteal phase GnRH agonist as an additional luteal phase support (LPS) in patients receiving intracytoplasmic sper
PMID 25160805

Japanese Journal

The Activity and Localization of 3β-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Δ⁵-Δ⁴ Isomerase and Release of Androstenedione and Progesterone by Uterine Tissues During Early Pregnancy and the Estrous Cycle in Pigs